FAISAL AMRI

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1. - A consonant is a speech sound that's not a vowel. The sound of a consonant is

produced by a partial or complete obstruction of the air stream by a constriction of
the speech organs.
- vowels are the sounds that are produced with an approximation without any
obstruction in the air passage

2. - Divide off any compound words - For example: book-end, car-pool, class-room.
- Divide the prefixes and suffixes from the baseword - For example: re-move,
jump-er, price-less, un-sharp-en.
- Underline the vowels in the baseword - Remember, syllables are formed by the
vowels. Every syllable has one and only one vowel sound. Though many vowels
are written with two or more letters: For example: igh, au, ough, ay.
- Examine the baseword for:
a) A silent final E needed for the syllable - Count back two consonants from the
silent final E and divide the syllable. For example: ti-tle, lit-tle, puz-zle, a-cre.
b) Two vowels on either side of a double consonant - Divide the syllable
between the consonants. For example: din-ner, hap-py, rub-ber, but-ter, ap-
proach.
c) Two vowels on either side of two single-letter consonants - Usually divide the
syllable between the consonants - For example: un-der, bas-ket, tem-per,
d) A single consonant in the middle of the word - Usually divide the syllable
before the consonant. These words follow the spelling rules: A E O U usually
say their names at the end of the syllable; and I and Y may say either their long
or short sounds at the end of a syllable. For example: o-pen, ro-tate, ba-by, me-
ter.
3. Glides is a consonant produced when the tongue approaches a point of articulation
within the mouth but does not come close enough to obstruct or constrict the flow
of air enough to create turbulence.

There are two primary types of glide in English — labiovelar and palatal

a) A labiovelar (from Latin labia lip and velar the velum or soft palate) glide is a
sound in which the flow of air out of the body is altered by first the shape of the
tongue, with the main body of the tongue (not the tip) being raised toward the
velum — the soft part of the roof of the mouth farthest from the front teeth; it’s
about as far back in the mouth as can be reached with the tip of the tongue.
Example : form /w/ as in will, why, and quick and flower.
 b) A palatal (from palate the top of the mouth) glide is a sound in which the
flow of air out of the body is altered by the shape of the tongue, with the main
body of the tongue (not the tip) being raised toward the hard palate — the part
of the roof of the mouth, just behind the alveolar ridge and forward of the
velum (for many speakers, the lateral edges of the midsection of the tongue
can be felt pressing up against the molar teeth). For Example , Modern
English has only one palatal glide represented by the symbol /j/ as in you,
cube, and onion.

4. Onset : the beggining sounds of syllable ; the ones preceding the nucleus
Rhyme (rime) : the rest of syllble, after the onset
coda : the ending sound of syllble, the ones preceding the nucleus
Peak (nucleus) is the core or essential part of a syllable.

5. - The speech happens in the production of speech when the speaker’s organs are
constantly moving from one position to another
- Language happens when there are morphemes putting together to form words
and words putting together to form sentences.

6. lips/labials, teeth/dentals, alveolar(alveolar ridge),palate(palatals), velars, Uvulars,

Pharynx (pharyngeal), Glottis (Glotal)