ASPHALT

 is also known as bitumen is a sticky, black and

highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. The
primary use of asphalt/bitumen is in road construction, where it
is used as the glue or binder mixed with aggregate particles to
create asphalt concrete.

Equipments used in testing asphalt:

 Bitumen Penetrometer - It measures the hardness or softness of
bitumen by measuring the depth in tenths of a millimeter to
which a standard loaded needle will penetrate vertically in 5
seconds.
 Cleaveland Flash & Fire Point Apparatus – it measures how fast
bituminous materials ignites and burns.
 Ductility testing machine- it measures the deformation and
elongation of bituminous materials when subjected to tensile
force.
 Viscometer – it measures the viscosity or the resistance to flow
of bituminous materials.
 Ring and Ball Apparatus – it measures the softening point of
bituminous materials.

STEEL
Equipment used in testing steel:
 Charpy testing machine - used to determine the behavior of materials
when subjected to high rates of loading, usually in bending, tension, or
torsion.
 Rockwell Tester – used to measure the hardness of steel/metal
 Torsion testing - causes section of a bar or shaft to rotate about its
central longitudinal axis relatively to another such section and
which thus produces twist or torsion in the bar, constitutes a
torsional load.
 Universal Testing machine – used to test the tensile strength and
compressive strength of materials.