Protected Areas Guidebook (Complete)

Copyright © 2015 by Biodiversity Management Bureau -
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or

transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or
other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of
the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews
and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. For permission
requests, write to bmb@bmb.gov.ph.
Citation
Biodiversity Management Bureau. 2015. Guidebook to Protected Areas of the
Philippines. Biodiversity Management Bureau – Department of Environment and
Natural Resources. Philippines. pp. 100.
Photographs
All photographs by BMB-DENR unless indicated.
ISBN 978-621-95038-5-3
Printed and Distributed

Biodiversity Management Bureau
Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center
North Avenue, Diliman
Quezon City
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
Quezon City
MESSAGE
G reetings from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources

(DENR)!
As stewards of the country’s rich biological resources, we are privileged to

see up close the treasures that make up the country’s natural capital. Where
else can you find one of the world’s most majestic eagles? Where can you
encounter one of the world’s smallest and most endangered water buffalo?
Where is one of the most and diverse marine ecosystems in the world?
These and many other natural wonders make up the unique environment
of the Philippines.
Our wildlife and their habitats are not only wonderful to look at, but they
also provide vital services and benefits to humankind. The animals, plants,
organisms, and ecosystems that constitute the nation’s biodiversity combine
to provide clean air and water, food, medicine, clothing and housing materials,
moderate our climate, support the foundation of the country’s economy and
industry, and generate livelihoods for millions. Our interrelationship with
the environment is also evident in Filipino culture, with natural elements
interwoven into myths and legends, music and the arts.
Increasing pressures, however, from deforestation, habitat loss, pollution,

climate change, and many others, threaten the integrity of the country’s
ecosystems and the wildlife they harbor. We are in a race to protect the
country’s biodiversity, and various approaches are currently in place to
ensure that more generations of Filipinos will continue to see the magnificent
creatures as well as the exceptional landscapes and seascapes found in our
shores.
Ecotourism is a vital approach in protected and natural resources

management, providing benefits to all involved – tourists looking for a breath
of fresh air, local communities that nurture nature destinations, protected
area managers and personnel tasked with the conservation of increasingly
fragile natural resources, and more importantly, the wildlife and ecosystems
that require protection and care.
The Guidebook to Protected Areas of the Philippines is a step towards

increasing ecotourism to the country’s protected areas. There are 240
Guidebook to Protected Areas of the Philippines i
protected areas under the National Integrated Protected Areas System
(NIPAS) covering a total area of about 5.45 million hectares, or 14.2 percent
of the total area of the country. The book highlights a mere fraction of
the country’s protected area system, featuring initial components of the
NIPAS, Philippine ASEAN Heritage Parks, and the home of the Biodiversity
Management Bureau, the main DENR agency tasked with the conservation
of the nation’s biodiversity.
The book highlights the biodiversity richness, research and conservation

programs, and ecotourism destinations and activities one can enjoy in the
parks. Envisioned as the first of a series, the publication will eventually
feature all Philippine protected areas, so that more people can appreciate
the natural bea uty of our country, and contribute to the conservation of our
rich and increasingly rare biodiversity.
I invite everyone to enjoy the Guidebook to Protected Areas of the

Philippines. See more of what the Philippines has to offer and enjoy your
trip to the country’s most precious natural areas!
Ramon P.J. Paje

Secretary
ii Message
Republic of the Philippines
Senate
Pasay City
MESSAGE
TAndheoneworld in the 21st century faces daunting environmental challenges.

of the major issues that confront the entire nation is the continuing
need to protect and preserve our biodiversity in the midst of rapidly
dwindling natural resources.
The Philippines is considered as one of the world’s megadiverse countries, a

group of nations hosting two-thirds of the earth’s biodiversity and about 70-
80% of the world’s plant and animal species. However, our forests, oceans
and mineral deposits have come under intense human threat because of
continuous neglect and exploitation.
The most crucial step towards building a sustainable community, one that
respects biodiversity, is to correct one of the biggest misconceptions about
the environment—that natural resources are infinite.
This guidebook by the Biodiversity Management Bureau of the Department

of Environment and Natural Resources is a showcase of our country’s natural
wealth. Not only does this remind us of the natural blessings that our country
is endowed with, but it also urges us to veer away from the path of apathy,
to act responsibly now before it is too late.
I hope to enjoin everyone to conserve, preserve, protect and, if possible,

rehabilitate the natural resources that have been damaged by irresponsible
acts. Now is the time to do our share, for the greater benefit and welfare of
the present and future generations.
Let us all be worthy and responsible stewards of the Earth.
Senator Loren Legarda

Chairperson, Senate Committee on Environment and Natural Resources
Chairperson, Senate Committee on Climate Change
Chairperson, Senate Committee on Cultural Communities
UNISDR Champion for Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change
Adaptation for Asia-Pacific
Guidebook to Protected Areas of the Philippines iii

i Messages
1 Introduction
The Protected Areas of the Philippines
6 Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center
12 Batanes Protected Landscape and Seascape
20 Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park
26 Bangan Hill National Park
30 Mts. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Landscape
36 Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve
42 Mts. Iglit-Baco National Park
48 Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park
54 Sagay Marine Reserve
60 Mt. Kanlaon Natural Park
66 Central Cebu Protected Landscape
72 Mimbilisan Protected Landscape
76 Mt. Malindang Natural Park
82 Mt. Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary
88 Mt. Kitanglad Natural Park
94 Mt. Apo Natural Park
Acknowledgment
INTRODUCTION
T he world is finally catching on to what many Filipinos have known all
along: the Philippines has some of the world’s finest beaches, dive sites,
lakes, and mountains, making the country one of the world’s best nature
destinations. Palawan, Boracay, the Cordillera mountains, and many
other sites have drawn and continue to attract thousands of visitors every
year, and yet more exciting and previously inaccessible destinations are
beginning to emerge in areas such as Mindanao, Cagayan Valley, Aurora,
and the Babuyan Islands, among others. Secluded and pristine, and certainly
breathtaking, these areas of extreme natural beauty are drawing local and
international attention to the inherent wonders of the Philippines.
1 Introduction
It is important to note, however, that these areas are not just picturesque,
but are also storehouses of overflowing biodiversity. The more than 7,100
islands of the Philippines harbor some of the richest ecosystems and species
in the world.
The Philippines is one of the world’s 17 megabiodiversity countries that

together contain two-thirds of the earth’s biodiversity and around 70 to 80
percent of the world’s plant and animal species. It is also located within the
Coral Triangle, at the center of the highest marine diversity in the world, which
accounts for the rich and colorful marine life that scuba divers have come to
expect from Philippine waters. Scientists have noted that there is a higher
concentration of species per unit area in the Philippines than anywhere in
Indonesia and Wallacea, and that the Philippines is the center of the center
of marine shore fish diversity in the world. There are even more figures that
testify to the rich natural heritage of the country, with a staggering number
of species that are endemic, or cannot be found anywhere else in the world.
It is sufficient to say that the wealth of biodiversity found in the country is
beyond imagination and comparable to the best that the world can offer.
As repositories of rich natural capital, much of the country’s best nature

destinations have become protected under various environmental laws, and
are managed under the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS).
These ensure that the country’s unspoiled forests, lakes and beaches are
protected, so that future generations may continue to enjoy the benefits
from species and wildlife found in these areas.
Photo by Eric Madeja
Guidebook to Protected Areas of the Philippines 2

As of 2013, there are 240 protected areas
covering 5.45 million hectares under NIPAS.
These encompass 14.2 percent of the total area
of the country, and include 4.07 million hectares
of terrestrial (13.57 percent of total area of the
country) and 1.38 million hectares of marine areas
(0.63 percent of total area of the country). About
26 percent of the country’s remaining forests are
found in protected areas.
The Guidebook to Protected Areas of the

Philippines aims to bring attention to lesser known
sites endowed with extreme beauty, and rich
natural and cultural history. Under the mandate
of NIPAS Act, these sites implement ecotourism
approaches and practices, thus, ensuring that
travel benefits the environment, protected area
management, communities that surround the
protected area, businesses conducting various
operations related to the park, and many other
stakeholders. Visiting protected areas allows
travelers to contribute to conservation, as
revenues are used for conservation management
and action, monitoring and evaluation of
interventions, research in wildlife and protected
area management, patrolling of the protected
areas, law enforcement, and other activities.
3 Introduction
Photo by Yvette Lee
Starting with 16 sites, the Guidebook aims

to highlight the environmental, historical,
and cultural significance of the Philippines’
protected areas. Descriptions of unique and
endemic species, rare geological formations,
and rich habitats attest to the areas’ need for
protection. The profiles also feature possible
recreational pursuits since ecotourism, after all,
is all about enjoying nature at its finest. Thus,
the book illustrated points of interest and things
to do, including hiking, birdwatching, diving, and
swimming in waterfalls and long stretches of
white sandy beaches, which are sure to rouse the
interest of any traveler.
The Guidebook to Protected Areas of the

Philippines will eventually cover all Philippine
protected areas, hoping to instill greater pride
in the country’s natural assets, awareness of the
treasures within and the benefits they provide,
and foster increased contribution to their
conservation.

The Philippine map showing the location of the Protected Areas featured in this Guidebook.
5 Introduction
Ninoy Aquino Parks and
Wildlife Center

T(NAPWC)
he Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center
lies in the heart of Quezon City.
Region: National Capital Region
It serves as an oasis in a highly urbanized Province: Metro Manila

environment where various species of flora
and fauna can be found. City/Municipality: Quezon City
Area: 26 hectares
The 22.7-hectare NAPWC is under the
management and administration of the Year/Date of Establishment:
Biodiversity Management Bureau (BMB), a 1954; 2004
staff bureau of the Department of Environment
and Natural Resources (DENR), responsible Legal Instrument:
in managing the country’s Protected Area Proc. No. 723 (25 October 2004)
System and providing directions for the
conservation of the nation’s biodiversity. Its
offices are integrated to the overall landscape
of the Park.
The NAPWC envisions to be a world-class

ecotourism destination and a venue for
biodiversity conservation and education
on Philippine endemic and rare wild flora
and fauna. Its mission is to provide a broad
spectrum of outdoor recreational and
ecotourism opportunities with areas to play,
appreciate the nature and gain delightful
experiences.
All year round, the Park becomes the venue

for various educational, scientific, civil,
religious and recreational activities as well as
orchid shows, garden and science fairs as it
provides facilities conducive for such events.

Thriving urban biodiversity Recorded species in the park
• 135 species of trees and
Originally a grassland, the Park is now covered with shrubs
various species of plants, which includes both endemic • 73 species of birds
and introduced species. It boasts a total of more • 11 species of reptiles
than 4,000 trees, which may be attributed to tree • 9 species of fish
planting activities for the past years. The wide array • 5 species of mammals
of plant species includes carabao grass (Paspalum • 3 species of amphibians
conjugatum), narra (Pterocarpus indicus) and rain tree
(Samanea saman), among others.
Based on the 2008 survey by the Philippine Native

Plants Conservation Society, Inc. (PNPCSI), out of
135 plant species recorded in the Park, seven (7) are
found to be endemic to the country, including katmon
(Dillenia philippinensis), kamatog (Sympetalandra
densiflora), and niyog-niyogan (Ficus pseudopalma). It
also recorded 73 bird species, 11 reptile species, five
(5) mammal species and three (3) amphibian species.
Nine (9) species of fish can also be found in the lagoon,
which includes tilapia, carp, mudfish, gouramy, sand
goby fish (biya), catfish and silver theraponid.
Facilities for nature appreciation
Various structures and facilities can be found within the

Park – from an open-air venue to a serene patch, which
serve as venues for special, social and educational
activities. These include the following:
• Amphitheater
The open-air amphitheater allows the visitors
to enjoy an impressive view of the man-made
lagoon and can accommodate about 500 – 600
people.
• Tea House
The Tea House can accommodate 40 – 50 persons
and is ideal for workshops, seminars, meetings
and for intimate celebrations. A whole day rent
will cost PHP 800.00.
• Fishing Village
The Fishing Village imitates the native fishing
villages in Mindanao. It includes five (5) houses
on stilts at the edge of the lagoon, which can
accommodate 100 – 150 persons. This venue
is ideal for wedding receptions and other social
functions. The rent costs PHP 1,700.00 for the
whole day.
• Picnic Sheds
The Park offers five (5) picnic sheds which can be
rented by the visitors for the whole day for only
PHP 200.00.

• Bulwagan Ninoy
Formerly known as the “Visitor’s Center”, this two-storey
building houses several function rooms ideal for meetings,
seminars and conferences. It is for official use only.
• Gazebo
Gazebo, an open farm-type cottage almost hidden among
the lush vegetation in the middle of the lagoon, is for official
use.
• Leonard Co Native Garden

Found within the premises of Bulwagan Ninoy, the Leonard
Co Native Garden was inaugurated in honor of Leonard
Co, a botanist and plant taxonomist, who had remarkable
contributions in the world of botany.
• Don Jose Sanvictores Grove

It was established in honor of Don Jose Sanvictores, a
foremost lumberman-conservationist who pioneered the
practice of selective logging and the first to implement
second cycle harvest in the Aras-asan Timber Co. in Eastern
Mindanao.
The beauty and tranquility of the four-hectare man-made lagoon

definitely captures the attention of the park visitors. Having been
one of the main attractions of the Park, the lagoon also serves
as habitat for nine (9) species of fish which includes tilapia,
carp, mudfish, gouramy, sand goby fish (biya), catfish and silver
theraponid. Its depth ranges from 3 to 15 feet.
Another popular site within the Park is the Wildlife Rescue Center.
It serves as a repository and rehabilitation facility for confiscated,
donated or abandoned wild animals. It serves as a venue for
public education, training and research for students, biologists
and researchers.
Further, the BMB offices are integrated to the overall landscape

of the Park.

Indeed, the NAPWC is a haven for people from different
cultures and walks of life who seek for a place where
nature’s beauty and simplicity coexist.
Reinforcing the NAPWC as a natural learning site

for biodiversity and a botanical garden of endemic
Philippine species
The BMB aims to strengthen the NAPWC’s role as

a learning site for biodiversity conservation and
education, and to help it live up to its vision to be a
world-class ecotourism destination.
Currently, the “Zero Waste Management Program” in

line with the Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological Solid
Waste Management (ESWM) is being implemented
throughout the organization. Spearheaded by the
NAPWC with the help of Mother Earth Foundation
(MEF), this program aims to systematically reduce and
properly manage wastes.
Part of this program is the construction of a Materials

Recovery Facility (MRF), which serves as the heart and
soul of ESWM. Segregated wastes are placed in this
area. An integral part of the MRF, which the NAPWC
takes pride in is the “Organic Vegetable Garden”. Green
leafy vegetables can be found here such as “petsay”,
“mustasa” and “malunggay”.
Installation art, which made use of tree stumps

recovered from illegal logging operations can also
be seen in the Park. This was constructed by Mr. Luis
“Junyee” Lee, Jr, an artist who pioneered installation
art in the Philippines.
Construction of the Protected Area (PA) Gallery is also

next in line, which will provide an interactive showcase
of the different aspects of biodiversity.

How to get there
The Park is easily accessible
by private and public
transportation with entry
points at North Avenue and
Quezon Avenue in Quezon
City. From various points
in the city, visitors can take
jeepneys plying the Quezon
Memorial Circle, Quezon
Avenue, and North Avenue
routes to access the Park.

Batanes Protected
Landscape and Seascape
Protected Areas of the Philippines 2

W hen it comes to dream travel destinations,
Batanes always seems to be on everyone’s
Region: Region II
bucket list. Before, travel to Batanes was Province: Batanes
not for the faint of heart, as it involved long
turbulent journeys by sea. Now, regular flights City/Municipality: Three
to the province make it easier to enjoy this major islands: Batan, and
marvel of Philippine nature and biodiversity. the island municipalities
of Sabtang and Itbayat;
The Batanes Protected Landscape and municipalities of Basco, Ivana,
Seascape (BPLS) encompasses the entire Mahatao and Uyugan on
province of Batanes, which is composed of Batan.
three major islands: Batan, Sabtang, and
Itbayat. It lies 190 kilometers north of Taiwan Area: 213,578 hectares (land
and 280 kilometers south of Aparri, Cagayan. area of 20,323 hectares;
marine area of 193,255
Incredibly unique environment hectares)
The unique and exceptional beauty of Batanes Year/Date of establishment:
is shaped by its harsh environment and the 2001
people who have learned to understand and
live with it. Amazing rock formations lie side Legal Instrument:
by side with pasture and agricultural land, RA 335 (24 February 1994);
creating a livable environment for the Ivatans RA 8991 (5 January 2001)
and a beautiful experience for people who
come to visit.
The islands and islets of the province are

either volcanic mounds or uplifted coral reef
with contrasting morphological expressions.
Batanes belongs to the Luzon-Taiwan volcanic
belt resulting in islands formed through
a combination of volcanic eruptions, reef
building, and land uplift.

The volcanic peaks of Mt. Iraya (1,009 meters) to the Recorded species in Batanes
north and Mt. Matarem (458 meters) to the south • 96 species of fern and fern
dominate the landscape on Batan Island. Mt. Iraya is allies
an extinct volcano that is dissected by narrow radial • 251 species of flowering
gullies with very steep slopes. Mt. Matarem is older plants
and has less rugged terrain and lower relief. Erosion on • 9 species of mammals
Mt. Matarem has exposed volcanic necks and spines
that form the peaks of several hills. Dramatic rock • 104 species of birds
formations on the coast also abound.
Batan also features rolling pasture land with year-round

green grassland shaped by indigenous agricultural
technology. Cows and goats graze on neatly tended
patches of fields interspersed with grazing areas on
gently rolling terrain. Green bermuda grass also
grows naturally everywhere, evoking images typical in
temperate countries.
Mountains dominate the island of Sabtang with sharp

ridges on the southern and western sides and by
rolling to moderately steep hills on the eastern side.
Itbayat Island has a uniform rolling terrain with higher
elevations on Mt. Santa Rosa (277 meters) to the north
and Mt. Riposed (299 meters).
Incomparable diversity of species
BPLS hosts a number of rare and endemic species.

Out of 256 species of flowering plants, for instance,
42 are endemic to the Philippines, and seven of these
can only be found in Batanes. These are kanarem,
riwas, vua, voyavoy, gagadang, tangaw, and vuhuan.
Endangered plant species in the Park include arius,
kamaya, narra, vayasuvas, vatinglaw, vonitan, waling-
waling, and valit. Many of these plants occur in small
populations with limited distribution, and are found in
specialized habitat formations.
Recorded fauna in BPLS indicate a number of recent

species discoveries. These include the little bent-
winged bat, common bent-winged bat, and the Oriental
house rat. Two other species, the common short-nosed
fruit bat and the yellow-faced horseshoe bat, are new
records for Sabtang Island.
Other interesting species include the endemic yellow-

faced horseshoe bat, which inhabits caves, buttresses,
and other dark cavities in primary lowland forest.
Interestingly, the Indochinese shrew and the Ryukyu
flying fox are found in the Batanes-Babuyan faunal
group and nowhere else in the Philippines, but are not
endemic to the country. The Batanes-Babuyan area
is the southernmost limit of the distribution of the
Ryukyu flying fox with a range that extends from the
Ryukyu island group in Japan to Taiwan. The Philippine
population may actually be the largest for this species.

On the other hand, the Indochinese shrew is widespread on the Asian continent
and many nearby associated shallow-water islands. Its ecology and biology in the
Batanes is unknown but it has been recorded on Batan Island.
Indigenous knowledge nurtures biodiversity

The Ivatans are the indigenous people of the Batanes Islands. Having been
inhabitants of the islands since time immemorial, the Ivatans have developed
indigenous knowledge systems and practices that have allowed them to understand
the unique nature of the Batanes ecosystem and adapt to its harsh environment.
Their homes are specifically built to withstand strong winds and the incessant
battering of rains, squalls, sea sprays, and storms. The use of natural resources is
regulated through certain types of abtas (customary laws) and dagen (taboos) in
both fishing and farming. Even the nature of Ivatan swidden farming allows for the
cultivation of different crops within a single farm and organic fertilizers are utilized
for planting of leguminous species that provide nitrogen to the soil. Some areas are
also considered sacred or enchanted and thus remain untouched.
The Ivatans have also developed community-based mechanisms in environmental

protection. Voluntary associations have been organized to manage conservation
activities within respective locales in fishing, farming, and housing. The

mayvanuvanua (fishing ritual) practiced in fishing
villages during mataw season (when fisherfolk catch
dorado) regulates gear entry and seasonal use rights
in certain fish grounds. This is practiced during certain
periods of the year and in effect creates a seasonal
marine sanctuary. The mayuhu or payuhwan is a
cooperative undertaking within the village through
voluntary labor exchange in farms. The kamanedungan
is practiced when homes are being built and is a
practice similar to the bayanihan. Yaro is a voluntary
community service during calamities.
So much to do, so little time
Verdant volcanic peaks, undulating terrains of

grasslands, gullies and gentle valleys, rock, outcrops,
uplifted marine terraces, indented embayment, sea
cliff, sea caves, and white sandy beaches are just
examples of the wonders to behold in Batanes. There
is so much to see and enjoy that many visitors often
feel a pang of regret when it is time to go back to the
real world.

Wander and see the sights. There is no public
transportation but vehicles and bikes are available for
rent. One of the most scenic areas in Batanes is Racuh
Apayaman, the communal pastureland better known as
Marlboro Country. The rolling valleys, hills, and green
meadows where water buffalo, horses and cattle roam
freely make Batanes look like it is a different world.
Visit the lighthouses. Basco lighthouse on the main

island provides a spectacular view of the sea and its
surroundings. There are two lighthouses in Sabtang,
one built during the Spanish colonial period and a
more recent structure right beside the sea.
Many of the old stone houses are truly unique and

remain intact and perhaps best exemplify Ivatan
culture, history, and life. The limestone walls were a
Spanish addition to strengthen native homes against
earthquakes that often ravaged the island. The Ivatan
home features a cogon roof and a major space shared
by the entire household. A number of traditional homes
remain intact on the villages of Chavayan and Savidug
on Sabtang Island. The Dakay House on Sabtang, which
was built in 1887 and is the lone survivor of a major
earthquake in 1918, is widely regarded as the oldest
house in Batanes. Sabtang also features an old village,
which is being re-established by the locals. The village
was abandoned in the 1940s due to a tsunami.
One of the most charming local homes is Fundacion

Pacita, the home of Pacita Abad. Pacita Abad remains
one of the most famous Ivatans, being an internationally-
acclaimed painter who brought her art all over the
world and even painted a bridge in Singapore before
succumbing to cancer. Fundacion Pacita in Basco,
once her home and studio, is now a premier hotel, the
proceeds of which go to a foundation for young Ivatan
artists. The young artists of the foundation painted the
ceiling of Mt. Carmel Church in Basco.
There are also a number of 17th and 18th century

churches and structures in BPLS. These churches
have large, bright-colored wooden doors, machuca
tiles, and cogon-lined high ceilings. One of the more
significant churches is the San Carlos Borromeo Church
in Mahatao, where Katipuneros waved their flag to
claim Batanes during the Revolution in 1898. Other
centuries-old churches in Batanes include Our Lady of
Immaculate Concepcion Cathedral in Basco, San Jose
de Obrero Church in Ivana, San Vicente Ferrer Church
in Sabtang, and Sta. Maria de Mayan Church in Itbayat.
There are also a number of Spanish-era bridges that
are still in use. The bridges linked villages together and
made it easier to travel to church, as the Spaniards
encouraged the Ivatans to attend mass.

Batanes also has a number of World War II ruins. Remnants of an American radio and
communication center can still be found. There is a tunnel dug by Ivatan hostages
that the Japanese used to escape from the Americans.
The dramatic natural features of Batanes are a marvel to behold. Visitors can hike
to the summit of Mt. Iraya for a bird’s eye view of the Park. Valugan Beach, which
is piled from end to end with gigantic boulders textured like quail eggs, is one of
the most distinctly Batanes shores. The boulders are spewings from a 15th century
eruption of Mt. Iraya. Another prominently Batanes feature is the rugged coastline
and natural arch found on Nakabuang beach.
Visitors can also add to their memories of Batanes by bringing home locally-crafted
goods such as the vakul, a traditional headgear of the Ivatan. These are lion mane-
like wigs made of dried cogon grass. Sadly, weaving this traditional headgear is a
dying craft as young Ivatans have little interest in the craft and there is difficulty in
passing on weaving skills to the next generation.

How to get there
Vessels owned by Batanes
Multi-Purpose Cooperative
Inc. have regular trips to and
from Manila and sometimes
the island municipalities of
Sabtang and Itbayat when
weather is favorable. Travel
to and from Sabtang and
Itbayat depend mostly on
water transportation. There
are motor boats that ferry
passengers and commodities
to and from Sabtang and at
the same time serve as fishing
boats. In Sabtang, trips are
available to and from Ivana or
Basco. Travel to Itbayat from
Basco takes four hours during
low tide and five to seven
hours during high tide. Daily
trips are available only during
summer. No trips are made
during bad weather due to
strong water currents.
By air, there are regular
flights from Manila. Laoag
International Airlines and
Chemtrad Aviation Corp. have
limited regular trips to Basco
from Laoag, Tuguegarao, and
Manila. An airstrip also exists
in Barangay Raele, Itbayat
catering only to light aircraft.
Flights are often cancelled due
to bad weather particularly in
the latter part of the year.

Northern Sierra Madre
Natural Park
Protected
ProtectedAreas
Areasofofthe
thePhilippines
Philippines 15
2
T(NSMNP)
he Northern Sierra
is one of
Madre Natural Park
the last remaining
Region: Region II
wilderness areas in the country. NSMNP Province: Isabela
spans both land and marine areas of 319,513
hectares and occupies the midsection of the City/Municipality:
Sierra Madre Mountain Range that stretches Municipalities of Maconacon,
from the provinces of Aurora to Cagayan. Diviacan, Ilagan, San Mariano
and Palanan
The terrain of the Park ranges from relatively
low hills with dominantly moderate steep Area: 319,513 (land: 247,861
slopes near the coast to increasingly higher hectares; water: 71,652
mountains with very steep slopes towards the hectares)
central portion of the Sierra Madre Range.
There are precipitous gullies and ravines with Year/Date of Establishment:
peaks and sharp ridges in the central portion 1997
of the range. The highest peak in NSMNP is Mt.
Cresta (1,672 meters above sea level [masl]) Legal Instrument: Proc. No. 978
followed by Mt. Divilacan (1,311 masl). These (10 March 1997)
peaks form the physiographic divide between
the eastern and western flanks of the Sierra
Madre Range in the Park.
The last frontier
The Park is covered by agricultural lands

planted with rice, coconut, corn, and other
crops; grasslands; and forests. Beach
forest, mangrove forest, lowland evergreen
rainforest, lower montane rainforest, forest on
limestone, and forest on ultramafic substrate
comprise the Park’s vegetation, with tree
species such as red lauan, tanguile, mayapis,
palosapis, narra, and kamagong.

The NSMNP is noted for its high species index of
flora and fauna; presence of numerous endemic
plants and animals; vast expanse of rainforests; and
variety of habitat types. These, and the fact that the
Park represents a huge percentage of the remaining
primary rainforest cover of the Philippines, are the
main considerations for preserving the Park.
Some of the rare and endangered species of fauna

recorded in the Park are the Philippine eagle, golden
crowned flying fox, Philippine eagle-owl, Isabela oriole,
green sea turtle, loggerhead turtle, hawksbill turtle, Species diversity in NSMNP
Philippine crocodile, and dugong. • 1,079 species of trees
• 55 species of mammals
The NSMNP is categorized as Extremely High Critical • 294 species of birds
for biodiversity conservation and is one of the Key • 25 species of
Biodiversity Areas of the Philippines. The variety amphibians
of species as well as the high number of Philippine • 65 species of reptiles
endemics highlight the importance of the Northern • 36 species of freshwater
Sierra Madre Natural Park to global biodiversity. fish
• 128 species of
Central to the survival of the Agtas butterflies
• 35 species of dragonflies
Communities of Agtas or Dumagats depend on the
natural resources of the Northern Sierra Madre range
for their survival and well-being. They continue to
practice their traditional way of life and mainly subsist
through the gathering of forest products and hunting
of wildlife. They often hunt wild boar, deer, and other
wildlife in the Park, but report that these have declined
significantly because of forest loss and hunting by
other communities.
Appreciating wilderness at its best
Some of the best features of the Park include extensive

white sandy beaches with clean blue waters. Large
coral reefs in almost pristine condition and rich marine
life, including whales and dolphins, make the area
ideal for scuba diving and other watersports. Some of
the beaches are also nesting sites of sea turtles. The
largely untouched forests of the Park, on the other
hand, may be the best destination for nature lovers
with the skills and fitness levels appropriate to the
rigors and challenges of the Sierra Madre.
Reaching the various attractions of Northern Sierra

Madre Natural Park is affected by the accessibility of the
sites as the well as availability of transport and guides
to the desired destinations. It is best to do extensive
research, decide on which places to see, check if tours
or outfitters are available, and get appropriate guides.
Homestays are available and may be arranged with the
local tourism office.
Palanan is an old town founded by the Spaniards in

1609. The local dialect, called Paranan, is a mix of

Ibanag, Spanish, Tagalog, and the indigenous Dumagat
language. Some of the attractions in Palanan include
the Aguinaldo Shrine, which includes a bust of Emilio
Aguinaldo and a marker on the spot where the house
of Aguinaldo once stood. Aguinaldo sought refuge in
Palanan in 1899 and was captured there on 23 March
1901 by American General Funston, who walked from
Casiguran with Macabebe Scouts pretending to be a
high-ranking American prisoner to be delivered to
Aguinaldo.
Other attractions in Palanan include the Pinacanuan

River and Disadsad waterfalls. The waterfalls can be
reached by trekking through the forest, passing fishing
and farming villages. Another attraction in Palanan
are the expansive beaches and crystal clear waters of
Dicotcotan Beach in Brgy. San Isidro. A cruise through
the Palanan River also allows visitors to pass through
Dibungco, the first Agta organized community, as
well as rich mangroves and Palanan Bay. Palanan
Point’s barrier reef and Sabang Beach are excellent
destinations for diving and swimming.

Divilacan can be reached by a two-hour boat trip
from Palanan. Estagno Island features powder-white
beaches as far as the eyes can see. Better known as
Honeymoon Island, it is virtually unspoiled and may
be one of the best beaches in the country. Divilacan is
also the site of the Dicatian Lake Crocodile Sanctuary,
where 50 captive-bred Philippine crocodiles were
released in 2009. The endemic Philippine crocodile
is critically endangered and is the most severely
threatened crocodile in the world, with about a few
hundred individuals surviving in the wild.
From Divilacan, visitors can travel 30 minutes by land

to Maconacon. The town boasts of a stunning coastline
with waves from the Pacific Ocean. The town also
features the extensive Blos river, where homes of the
nomadic Dumagats may be found on the riverbanks.

How to get there
There are no roads to NSMNP so access is difficult. By land and air, take any Cagayan
Valley Region bus from Manila and get off at Cauayan City. Cyclone planes in Cauayan City
take passengers to Palanan for a 30-minute flight. For independent motorists from Manila,
take the North Luzon Expressway and exit at the Sta. Rita Exit. Vehicles can be parked at
the Cyclone parking area. Flights are, however, subject to adverse weather conditions
as the skies over the Sierra Madre Mountains easily become too cloudy for navigation.
Flights from Manila to Cauayan City airport are also available.
Sea travel is possible through private cargo vessels or fishing boats plying the route from
Dingalan or Baler in Aurora Province to Palanan or Divilacan. The trip takes from 30 to 40
hours and is frequently subjected to rough seas caused by strong monsoon winds.

Bangan Hill National Park

C overing 13 hectares, Bangan Hill National
Park is located at Brgys. Vista Alegre and
Region: Region II
Magsaysay, Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya. Province: Nueva Vizcaya
Bayombong is bounded on the north by
Solano, on the east by Magat River and Palali City/Municipality: Brgys. Vista
Mountains, on the south by Bambang, and on Alegre and Magsaysay,
the west by the Bangle and Liri mountains. The Bayombong
area is characterized by picturesque rolling
terrain, with an elevation ranging from 300 to Area: 13 hectares
445 feet above sea level.
Year/Date of Establishment:
Bayombong was established at the 1995
southeastern part of the present La Torre,
where the Bayombong River passes through. Legal Instrument: RA 7954
The first inhabitants of Bayombong were (29 March 1995)
the Ifugaos from the neighboring mountain
provinces. They were followed by the
Gaddang from Daruyat, Angadanan, Isabela
and Amanga, Cagayan, and the Mallaates also
of Isabela.
There are various versions for the origin of

the name Bayombong. Some say the name
Bayombong comes from the Gaddang word
“Bayongyong,” which means confluence of
a mighty river. Another version states that
“bayongyong” refers to a piece of bamboo,
about two meters long, which is used to carry
fresh water from wells built along river banks.
Legend has it that the Gaddanes drove away
both the Ifugaos, and then the Mallaates from
the area. When the Mallaates retreated,
the town was littered with abandoned

“bayongyong,” which was then among their most prized
possessions. The place was thus named Bayombong
as a fitting reminder to the Gaddanes of their first taste
of victory against invaders of their domain.
In yet another version, Spanish missionaries wondered

about the water bamboo containers carried by local
residents in the area. When they asked about the
water containers, the people chorused “Bayongyong”
in response, hence the name of the town.
Bangan Hill National Park is a historic and cultural

landmark of Nueva Vizcaya as it is the site of the first
mass in the province in 1739 officiated by Father
Pedro Freire. The event also marks the founding of the
municipality of Bayombong. During Lenten season,
this is where the people of Bayombong re-enact the
Crucifixion of Jesus Christ on Mt. Calvary.
Bangan Hill National Park forms part of the land

reservation of Nueva Vizcaya State University. Various
forestry research projects are thus situated at the base
of the Park.
Protect remaining biodiversity
More studies have to be conducted to determine the

status of biodiversity in the Park. Based on preliminary
studies of both vegetation and fauna, the natural
resources of the Park have been largely depleted
through human activities. These indicate the need for
rehabilitation of the Park to ensure that remaining
biodiversity resources are protected, and that species
that populated the area may eventually return.
Opportunities for research and recreation
Some of the existing facilities in the Park include

telecommunication facilities at the peak; a Station
of the Cross; and a viewing deck and waiting shed
for visitors. Research on agroforestry activities can
be conducted with the various projects implemented
by the Nueva Vizcaya State University at the foot of
Bangan Hill National Park. These include a bamboo
and Gmelina plantation, Grow a Tree project of
forestry students, Dipterocarp Clonal Plantation, and
an Agroforestry Demonstration Farm including the
mulberry plantation that supports the university’s
sericulture project.
Bangan Hill is also an ideal year-round destination

for picnics, camping, and hiking. The observation
deck provides a commanding view of the expanse of
the surrounding valley formed by the Caraballo and
Cordillera Central mountains. There are also panoramic
views of the winding Magat River and adjacent
municipalities.

How to get there
Air-conditioned buses bound for Cagayan Valley pass by
the province. For those using private transportation, take
the North Luzon Expressway and exit at Sta. Rita. Nueva
Vizcaya is accessible through the Cagayan Valley Road (Daang
Maharlika) and is about 268 kilometers north of Metro Manila
(approximately six hours of travel by land).
Bangan Hill National Park is accessible by any type of motor

vehicle. Buses and public utility jeepneys ply various routes
and there are numerous tricycles. Van and car rental services
are also available with rates depending on the type of vehicles
used and the distance traveled.

Mts. Banahaw -
San Cristobal
Protected Landscape

Tmayhe mountains of Banahaw and San Cristobal
appear to represent the two opposing
Region: Region IVA
spectrums of the mythology of Philippine Province: Quezon and Laguna
mountains. Mt. Banahaw is largely viewed
as a mystic mountain, with various religious City/Municipality:
groups believing in the healing powers of the Lucban, Tayabas, Sariaya,
mountain and its rivers. During Holy Week, Candelaria, and Dolores
thousands of pilgrims go to various points of in Quezon Province, and
Mt. Banahaw to perform religious rituals. San the municipalities of Rizal,
Cristobal, on the other hand, is believed to be Nagcarlan, Liliw, Majayjay
its evil twin, with many stories of mysterious and San Pablo City, Laguna
sounds and movements in the night. Both Province
mountains, however, are also known for their
beautiful forests, waterfalls and rivers, and Area: 10,900.59 hectares
high levels of biodiversity.
Year/Date of establishment:
The Mts. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected 2003, then 2009
Landscape (MBSCPL) is located in the
municipalities of Lucban, Tayabas, Sariaya, Legal instrument:
Candelaria and Dolores, all in the Province Proc. No. 411 (25 June 2003);
of Quezon and in the municipalities of Rizal, R.A. 9847 (11 December 2009)
Nagcarlan, Liliw, and Majayjay, and San Pablo
City, in the province of Laguna.
Covering 10,900.59 hectares, the site was first

declared a protected area in 2003, and then
as a protected landscape in 2009. MBSCPL is
bounded on the north by Laguna Lake, in the
south by Tayabas Bay, in the southeast by the
Bicol Peninsula, and in the east by the tail end
of the Sierra Madre Mountain range.

Wealth of biodiversity
Records indicate the presence of 569 species of plants,

56 of which are endemic, and 80 percent with medicinal
value. Rare species of trees still found in the area
include pangnan, lansones-bundok, kalamansanai,
tabu, and taluto. Endemic species of plants used for
handicraft, food, to produce palm wine, for caulking
boats, for ornamental purposes, and for furniture
making include pugahan, ditaan, sumulid, tumalim,
and palasan. The tree fern pakong-buwaya, the largest Recorded biodiversity in
tree fern in the country, can also be found in the Park. MBSCPL
• 569 species of plants
Significant wildlife species include the cloud rat • 246 species of birds
Musseromys gulantang, which was discovered in 2004. • 38 species of reptiles
There are also a number of endangered bird species in • 43 species of
the area, such as the Brahminy kite, Philippine serpent amphibians
eagle, Philippine falconet, scale-feathered cuckoo, • 193 species of insects
guaiabero, Philippine hanging parakeet, crimson- • 62 species of mammals
backed woodpecker, white-browed shama, and small
horned owl. Seven recorded species are endemic to
Luzon, specifically the Luzon montane forest mouse,
Luzon Cordillera forest mouse, large Luzon forest rat,
Northern Luzon shrew rat, Luzon pygmy fruit bat, and
long-nosed Luzon forest mouse.

Mountains and waterfalls captivate pilgrims and nature lovers
Considered sacred ground, a number of religious groups visit the Park, particularly
during the summer months and the Holy Week. The various attractions of the Park
and its accessibility make MBSCPL a popular weekend destination.
The Park has towering peaks, including Mt. Banahaw (2,177 meters above sea level
[masl]), Mt. Banahaw de Dolores or Durungawan (2,155 masl), Mt. Banahaw de
Majayjay or Susong Dalaga (2,160 masl), Mt. Banahaw de Tayabas (2,140 masl),
Mt. Banahaw de Lucban (1,875 masl), and Mt. San Cristobal (about 1,470 masl).
Mt. Banahaw’s summit caldera, locally called “ilalim”, is 600 meters deep and has a
diameter of two kilometers. The caldera opens southwards in a four-kilometer long
canyon of Mt. Banahaw. On the other hand, three basins or craters can be found on
the summit of Mt. Cristobal.

Also called Vulcan de Agua, the Park is blessed with
abundant water that sustains the creeks, rivers and
waterfalls draining to Laguna de Bay and Tayabas.
Seven rivers traverse the Park, namely, Balayong,
Maimpis, Dalitiwan, Malinao, Nagcarlan, San Diego,
and Kinabuhayan. The Kinabuhayan River in Dolores,
Quezon is believed to have healing powers. People from
all walks of life take a dip in the waters of Kinabuhayan
with the belief that their illnesses will be cured.
Mt. Banahaw is also rich with waterfalls. Sta. Lucia,

Suplina, and Kristallino Falls are all found in Dolores,
Quezon and are also believed to have healing powers.
Pilgrims and devotees take a shower in these falls
particularly during the Lenten season. Several waterfalls
can also be found in the crater of Mt. Banahaw, the
most popular of which is Talong Ambon.

How to get there
The protected area is about
120 kilometers southeast of
Manila and is accessible by
any type of vehicle. From
Laguna, the route leading to
the peak is through Barangay
Novaliches in Liliw, Laguna.
From Quezon, it is accessible
through Kinabuhayan in
Dolores, Quezon.

Mount Makiling
Forest Reserve

Photo by Angela Metin
Twasheestablished
Mount Makiling Forest Reserve in Laguna
in 1910 as a forest school for
Region: Region IVA
the advancement of silvicultural studies and Province: Laguna and Batangas
is currently managed by the University of the
Philippines in Los Baños. The forest reserve City/Municipality:
has been established as an ASEAN Heritage Municipalities of Los Baños,
Park, one of seven such parks in the country. Bay, and Calamba in Laguna,
and Sto. Tomas in Batangas
A common weekend destination because of
its proximity to Manila and the popularity Area: 4,244 hectares
of its hot springs and mountain peaks, the
reserve is also recognized for its extremely Year/Date of Establishment:
high biodiversity and is one of the Philippines’ 1990
centers of plant diversity.
Legal Instrument: Pro. No. 106
Biodiversity perseveres (1910); Proc. No 552 (1933);
RA 3523 (1963); RA 6967 (1990)
Biodiversity continues to persevere on Mount
Makiling, despite the proliferation of resorts,
restaurants and other infrastructure at the
base of the mountain. Research continues
to highlight the rich natural resources of the
protected area, and its importance in the
protection of the nation’s biodiversity.
Primary habitats of the reserve include mixed

dipterocarps, flowering plants, and mossy
forest. The richness of the vegetation in
the reserve is due to the favorable soil and
climate of the mountain. The forest reserve is
divided into four sub-watersheds, namely, the
37 Mount Makiling Forest Reserve

Molawin-Dampalit sub-watershed, Cambantoc sub-
watershed, Greater Sipit sub-watershed, and Tigbi sub-
watershed. Dominant species vary per sub-watershed
because of the differing environmental conditions.
Some of the endemic and threatened tree species

found in the reserve includes balobo, magabuyo, and
palacpalac. Elemi, a tree which yields an oleoresin
that is used for varnishes and lacquers, is a native tree
that is also threatened. The reserve also harbors white
lauan, which is critically endangered and is native to
Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia, and the Philippines.
The species that dominate the lower strata of the Biological richness of
reserve are kaong, magabuyo, bamban, apanang, and Mount Makiling Forest
kamariang gubat. Two endangered plant species can Reserve
also be found in this area, specifically kapa kapa and • 2,038 species of flora
jade vine. belonging to 225
families and 949 genera
Rafflesia manillana, which was feared to have gone • 45 species of mammals
extinct in Mount Makiling, was found in all the four • 181 species of birds
sub-watersheds together with its host vine plant ayo. • 65 species of reptiles
• 22 species of
The fauna found on the reserve is as diverse as its amphibians
flora. Significant species include the Philippine calotes, • 7,000 species of insects
which is endemic to the Philippines and found in all the
sub-watersheds.
Another Philippine endemic naturally thriving in Mt.

Makiling is Phuilautus sardus, a species of frog in the
Rhacophoridae family naturally inhabiting subtropical
or tropical moist lowland forests. The Philippine warty
pig and the Philippine deer are endemics that have
also been sighted in the reserve. Many bats can also
be found on the mountain, particularly Megaderma
spasma, which is one of only two bat species in Asia
and the only one in the Philippines that catches and
eats tiny frogs and lizards.

Summits and hotsprings
Mount Makiling is an inactive volcano. Of the main

craters, only a small portion remains, consisting of
three fragments of nearly equal height and designated
as Peaks 1, 2, and 3. These three peaks are remnants
of the north wall of the crater since the south wall no
longer exists. Peak 3 is the highest at 1,109 meters,
followed by Peak 2 (1,090 m), and Peak 3 (1,085 m).
The volcanic history of Mount Makiling is also

manifested by numerous hot springs around its base up
to 350 meters. Most of these hot springs can be found
in resorts clustered mainly along the highway from Los
Baños to Pansol and are surrounded by swamps and
their own peculiar biota. The most unusual is the “mud

Makiling in Philippine
folklore
Mount Makiling is the home
of the legend of Maria
Makiling and is so named
because the slopes of the
mountain seem to resemble
a reclining woman. Maria
Makiling is a mystical goddess
that is part of Philippine
folklore. She is believed
to dwell in the mountain
and protects residents and
travelers from harm.
Photo by Pamela Reblora

spring” at 350 meters. The hot springs, by draining heat
energy away from the presumed magnetic interior
of the mountain, are probably responsible for the
dormancy of the volcano.
These features and the Park’s proximity to Manila make

Mount Makiling Forest Reserve a regular destination
for families, who favor the hot springs and resorts,
and nature enthusiasts, who most enjoy the physical
features of the Park. The most frequented areas in
the reserve include the Makiling Botanic Gardens,
Flatrocks, mud springs, and Makiling Rainforest Park,
while the more adventurous trek to Peak 2 of Mount
Makiling. Recent records show that around 200,000
people visit the reserve each year.

How to get there
There are buses from Cubao or Buendia going to Sta.
Cruz, Laguna. If coming from Alabang, ride a bus going
to Calamba and then take a jeepney to Los Baños. Get
off at Los Baños Crossing, and then ride the jeepney
going to UPLB Forestry. Jeepneys may also be rented
to take visitors directly to UPLB Forestry all the way
to the get-off point/entry point of Flat Rocks and Mud
Springs.
If coming from Manila by private vehicle, drive through

South Luzon Expressway and take the Calamba exit.
Go to UP Los Baños College of Forestry and Natural
Resources and find the Makiling Rainforest Park.

Mts. Iglit-Baco
National Park

M ts. Iglit-Baco National Park is the refuge
of the biggest remaining population of
Region: Region IVB
the tamaraw, a type of water buffalo that Province: Mindoro Occidental
is endemic to Mindoro Island. The Park is and Mindoro Oriental
characterized by a rugged terrain of slopes,
river gorges, and plateaus, encompassing at City/Municipality:
least eight major river systems and 10 low Municipalities of Sablayan,
mountains. Mt. Baco (2,488 meters) is the Calintaan, Rizal, and San
highest mountain and dominates the central Jose in Mindoro Occidental;
portion of the Park. Southwest of Mt. Baco is municipalities of Gloria, Bansud,
Mt. Iglit (2,364 m) or Fungso Mangibok, the Bongabon, and Mansalay in
second highest, and where the most number Mindoro Oriental
of tamaraws roam.
Area: 75,445 hectares
As a haven for rich biodiversity, most of which
can only be found on Mindoro, the Park was Year/Date of Establishment:
also established as an ASEAN Heritage Park, 1992
one of seven found in the country.
Legal Instrument: Proc. No. 557
Showcase of Mindoro biodiversity (1969); RA 6148 (1970);
RA 7586 (1992)
Mts. Iglit-Baco best showcases the
irreplaceable biodiversity of Mindoro. The
Park’s major habitat types are grassland and
evergreen forest. The most important fauna is
the tamaraw, which is considered one of the
most seriously endangered large mammals
in the world, with 382 individuals recorded
in the Park in 2014. The Park is also home
to other unique species of flora and fauna,
including Mindoro endemics such as the
Mindoro imperial pigeon, Mindoro tarictic

hornbill, Mindoro bleeding-heart pigeon, Mindoro
scops owl, and Mindoro rusa deer.
The Philippine deer, wild pig, and large Mindoro forest

mouse also inhabit the grasslands. A number of other
endemic bird species such as the black-hooded coucal
and scarlet-collared flowerpecker are found on the
peak summits. Important plant species include the
Mindoro pine and the endangered Jade vine.
Biological richness of Mts.
Home of the Mangyans Iglit-Baco National Park
Mts. Iglit-Baco is the traditional home of the • 104 species of birds
Mangyans, indigenous group of Mindoro, which is • 11 species of snakes
further classified into at least eight ethno-linguistic • 14 species of lizards
groups: Iraya, Batangan, Hanuno’o, Alangan, Ratagnon, • 9 species of amphibians
Tagaydan or Tadyawan, Buhid and Pula. Some groups • 10 species of fruit and
are believed to have been coastal dwellers, but have insect bats
since moved into the remote forest interior to avoid • 3 species of large
religious conversion by migrants. The Mangyans are mammals
traditionally nomadic within their territory and settle
temporarily where food is found. Extended families set
up loose clusters of bamboo huts with thatched roofs
and raised floors. There are no formal leaders or social
classes, and elders settle community disputes.
The Tau-buid or Batangan and the Buhid directly depend

on Mts. Iglit and Baco for their source of food and
livelihood. They grow corn and sweet potato close to
their huts. Others supplement these with cassava, rice,
bananas, papayas, avocados, squash, beans, taro, and
other vegetables. They gather edible forest products,
trap wild pigs and chickens, and raise domestic stock.

Playground of the tamaraws
Tamaraw watching is the best thing to do in the Park. Knowing that there are only a
few hundreds left in the wild, it is truly a privilege to see these endangered creatures
roam freely in the grasslands of the Park.
The tamaraws are best viewed at Station 3, which is the site of Mt. Magawang.
The climb to Station 3 may take an average of six to eight hours, depending on the
fitness of the climber, conditions on the mountain, and load carried. Early morning
on top of a small hill adjacent to Station 3, or on top of Mt. Magawang, will treat
visitors to a panoramic view of the magnificent and serene Mt. Iglit range. Groups
of tamaraw can be spotted early on by eagle-eyed rangers, and if one is lucky, 30 or
more tamaraws can be easily seen in a two-hour period.
The rangers are also likely to spot deer roaming in the grasslands. Visitors can also
observe the tamaraw in captivity at the Gene Pool Farm Facility of the Tamaraw
Conservation Program in Sitio Canturoy, Brgy. Manoot, Rizal. There they can learn
more from local experts about conservation activities of the Park and the tamaraw.

Birdwatching is becoming increasingly popular
particularly because of the presence of bird species
endemic to Mindoro. Other interesting species include
the blue shortwing, island thrush tardus, blue-headed
racket-tailed parrot, barred graybird, Philippine bulbul,
and the Mindoro canegrass warbler.
Mountain climbing is also becoming more common,

particularly because of the increased accessibility
of the Park. The climb to Mt. Iglit starts with a one-
hour trek from Brgy. Poypoy, Calintaan, in Occidental
Mindoro to Station 1 at Sitio Magtangcob. Another
three-hour hike brings one to Station 11 at the foot of
Mt. Iglit. From there, one can start a four- to five-hour
ascent to the summit. Climbers can descend to Loibfo
Hill and then Magawang for tamaraw watching.

How to get there
The Park can be reached either
by plane via San Jose; inter-
island vessel from Batangas to
Abra de Ilog and then bus to San
Jose; or by boat from Batangas
to Calapan, and then by land to
San Jose.
By air, there are regular flights
from Manila to San Jose,
Occidental Mindoro. By sea and
land, visitors can take various
ferries from the port of Batangas
that sail daily to Abra de Ilog,
Occidental Mindoro. Travel time
by sea takes two to three hours.
From Abra de Ilog Port, one can
take a three-hour ride by bus or
van to Sablayan, and another
three hours from Sablayan to
San Jose.
Visitors can also travel by land
from Calapan, Oriental Mindoro
to San Jose, which will take five
hours.
To get to the Park, one route
is through the Tamaraw
Gene Pool Farm in Sitio
Canturoy, Brgy. Manoot, Rizal,
Occidental Mindoro, where
one crosses the Busuanga
River via Mt. Balangawin, then
across Lumintao River to Mt.
Nagbobong; and finally to
the tamaraw habitat in Mt.
Magawang.
The easiest and nearest access
point to MIBNP is through a
30-40 km road to Brgy. Poypoy,
Calintaan, Occidental Mindoro.
From San Jose, buses are
available for the one-hour ride
to Calintaan, where tricycles are
available for the trip to Brgy.
Poypoy.

Photo by Lene and Claus Topp
Tubbataha Reefs
Natural Park

Photo by Yvette Lee
Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park (TRNP) and Region: Region IVB

World Heritage Site is 97,030 hectares, the
largest marine protected area (MPA) in the Province: Palawan
Philippines. It is located 181 kilometers
southeast of Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, City/Municipality:
in the heart of the Sulu Sea. The Park is Municipality of Cagayancillo
uninhabited and is composed of the South
and North Atolls and the Jessie Beazley Reef. Area: 97,030 hectares with
The Municipality of Cagayancillo, some 100 a buffer zone of 10 nautical
kilometers to the northeast, has political miles from the boundaries of
jurisdiction over Tubbataha. the Park
The North and the South Atolls are separated Year/Date of Establishment:
by an eight-kilometer channel. Both atolls 1988; 2010
contain islets; the South Islet has a lighthouse,
while the North Islet serves as nesting place Legal Instrument:
for marine turtles and seabirds. Jessie Beazley Proc. No. 306 (11 August
Reef lies 20 kms from the North Atoll. It is a 1988); Proc. No. 1126 (23
45-hectare reef with an emergent cay visible August 2006); RA 10067 (6
at low tide. April 2010)
Tubbataha constitutes a near pristine coral

reef with perpendicular walls reaching over
100 meters in depth, reef crests thriving with
coral and fish life, and extensive lagoons
carpeted with seagrass and coral beds. It is
one of the most biologically diverse offshore
coral reef systems in the Philippines and was
thus declared a Key Biodiversity Area of the
country.

The Park’s outstanding universal values in terms of Biodiversity richness of
exceptional natural beauty and importance; significant Tubbataha Reefs Natural
biological and ecosystem processes; and importance
to in-situ conservation of biological diversity led to Park
its inscription in the UNESCO World Heritage list on • 615 species of fish
11 December 1993. Tubbataha was inscribed in the • 369 species of corals
RAMSAR List of Wetlands of International Importance • 13 species of sharks
on 19 November 1999. It was declared an ASEAN • 13 species of dolphins
Heritage Park (AHP) in November 2014, one of seven and whales
in the Philippines. It is the only purely marine World • 7 species of seagrass
Heritage site and AHP in Southeast Asia. • 79 species of algae
• At least 2 species of
Safeguarding irreplaceable heritage marine turtles
• 11 species of marine
The management of an offshore MPA is a complex mammals
undertaking beyond the ability of one agency to • Over 100 species of birds
manage successfully. Safeguarding this irreplaceable
heritage is the multi-stakeholder Tubbataha Protected
Area Management Board (TPAMB). It is composed of
national and local government agencies, the academe,
the private sector, and non-government and people’s
organizations. At the helm of the Park’s management

Photo by Eric Madeja
are the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the Palawan Council
for Sustainable Development. Together, this constellation of actors has negotiated
the challenges of conserving Tubbataha.
Executing the decisions of the TPAMB is the Tubbataha Management Office (TMO),
charged with the day-to-day affairs of the Park. Meanwhile, in the middle of the Sulu
Sea, a composite team of marine park rangers safeguard the reefs from illegal use.
The Philippine Navy, Philippine Coast Guard, Municipality of Cagayancillo and TMO
assign law enforcers to Tubbataha on two-month rotations year round. Not only
do they enforce the law, they conduct research, visitor management, cleanups, and
provide information to visitors.
Research and tourism are the only activities allowed in Tubbataha. Research provides
sound scientific basis for decision-making, while tourists contribute to management
through the payment of conservation fees, which fund management activities.

Diversity and splendor

Tubbataha is situated at the apex of the Coral Triangle, an area known to be
the global center of marine biological diversity. The Park is home to a diverse
assemblage of marine life. It contains 81 of the 111 coral genera known in the
world. Ninety percent of all coral species in the Philippines could be found in its
10,000 hectares of coral reef. Tubbataha has the highest fish biomass estimates
(total weight of fish) in the Philippines - an average of 200 metric tons per square
kilometer. It is a developmental habitat and nesting ground of the green sea and
hawksbill turtles. Thirteen species of sharks and rays and 13 species of whales and
dolphins have been identified in its waters. The Park is one of the major rookeries of
seabirds in the Philippines. Boobies, noddies, and terns roost in the islets, including
an endemic sub-species of black noddy.
Because of its rich biodiversity, which is at the core of its exceptional natural beauty,
Tubbataha is celebrated as one of the best dive sites in the world. However, seasonal
access and distance limit tourism to the summer months of March to June each year
when the sea is relatively calm.
Beyond beauty
Scientific studies show that Tubbataha is a major station for the production of fish and
coral larvae in the Sulu Sea. Oceanographers have discovered that prevailing winds
and currents transport these particles of life throughout the Sulu Sea and beyond.
This constant flux of larvae contributes to the food security of the Philippines and
enriches fisheries outside its boundaries.
The Park is a refuge to almost 200 species of marine life that are internationally
considered as threatened or near threatened. It serves as a living laboratory for
the study of ecological and biological processes. Tubbataha is also an important
pathway for migratory species. Tourism in Tubbataha contributes to the national
and local economies. Finally, conserving this national treasure contributes to the
attainment of global conservation goals.
Photo by Tommy Schultz

How to get there
Tubbataha is offshore and
out of the way. To get there,
a major consideration is
choosing the right season.
From there, getting to the park
is easy. Take a flight to Puerto
Princesa City, Palawan. Board
a boat and sail into the sunset.
Awaken to the blue world of
Tubbataha!
Majority of the regular trips

are at least six days long on
live aboard boats operated by
private dive companies. They
may be reached through www.
tubbatahareef.org for more
information.

Sagay Marine Reserve

TReserve
he rich marine life of the Sagay Marine
is one of the local people’s sources
Region: Region VI
of livelihood and pride. After more than Province: Negros Occidental
three decades of effective conservation and
management, it is also a shining example of City/Municipality:
how political will can rehabilitate ecosystems Islands of Molocaboc, Diutay,
and restore biodiversity. Matabas and Suyac; reefs of
Carbin, Macahulom and Panal;
From destruction to award-winning marine coastal waters of six barangays
conservation program of Sagay
Sagay City in Negros Occidental is naturally Area: 32,000 hectares
blessed with a highly diverse and productive
marine ecosystem that includes coral reefs, Year/Date of Establishment:
mangroves, and seagrass beds. It was famous 2001
for its lucrative fishing industry and became
a major source of livelihood for the province. Legal Instrument:
Illegal fishing activities, however, led to the Municipal Ordinance No. 2
massive destruction of coral reefs and other (1983); Proc. No. 592 (1995);
marine habitats in the area. RA 9106 (14 April 2001)
In the late 1970s, then municipal mayor and
later Congressman Alfredo G. Marañon, Jr.
initiated action for the conservation and
management of the dying coral reefs with
the help and technical expertise of Silliman
University Marine Laboratory, then headed by
Dr. Angel Alcala. These and other activities led
to the establishment of marine sanctuaries,
and eventually, the declaration of the Sagay
Marine Reserve.

The reserve is now recognized nationally and
internationally as one of the most successful marine Sagay City derives its name
conservation programs in the Philippines. In 1997, Sagay from a semi-spherical shell
was given the prestigious Gawad Galing Pook Award locally known as sigay found
for Outstanding Marine Resources Conservation and abundantly in its islets and
Management, one of the Ten Most Outstanding and shores.
Innovative Government programs in the Philippines.
The marine reserve was awarded in 2006 as Best Eco-
Tourism Destination in Western Visayas.
Marine biodiversity in full bloom
More than three decades after its establishment, Sagay

Marine Reserve has become not only a thriving marine
protected area, but a major ecotourism destination.
The area boasts of 500 hectares of mangroves, 100
hectares of which have been reforested, as well as 3,000
hectares of seagrass. The reserve provides habitats
to a wide variety of marine and terrestrial wildlife,
including marine turtles, giant clams, and giant fruit Recorded biodiversity
bats. The integrity of the ecosystem protects the city at Sagay Protected
from surges and typhoons, and supports the economy
of the province through fishing and ecotourism. Landscape/Seascape
• 33 species of true
The Sagay Marine Reserve is composed of Carbin Reef, mangroves
Macahulom and Panal Reef, as well as Molocaboc • 10 mangrove associate
Daku and Diot islands, and Suyac islet. Thousands of species
visitors come to enjoy the abundant marine resources • 10 species of seagrass
and pristine waters of the reserve, which are ideal for • 78 species of macro
swimming, snorkeling, and scuba diving. benthic algae
• 60 genera of hard, black
Carbin Reef, a 200-hectare marine sanctuary featuring a and soft corals
unique, tongue-shaped sand bar and clear blue waters, • 5 species of giant clams
is the most popular among visitors, especially because • More than 250 species
it is ideal for picnics, snorkeling, swimming, scuba of reef and pelagic fishes
diving, and other water related-activities. Among the • 4 species of marine
reef’s attractions are schools of fish, blooming coral turtles
formations, and sea turtles. • Giant fruit bats

Macahulom and Panal reefs are known for their colorful
coral and abundant marine life, and the presence
of migratory birds. Suyac islet, on the other hand, is
home to centuries-old mangrove trees, large crabs,
and white sand beaches.
The mid-sea watch towers of Carbin, Macahulom and

Panal reefs have become landmarks of Sagay City and
icons of marine life conservation.
Interestingly, a one-kilometer walking path connects

Molocaboc Daku and Diot islands. It disappears during
high tide and residents walking on it look like they are
treading on water.

Love for all things nature
There are various other attractions in Sagay that

showcase the community’s environmental advocacy.
The Himoga-an River Cruise, a community-based
tourism project patterned after the Bohol River Cruise,
is fast becoming a major attraction. The two-hour
cruise at the longest river of Sagay travels from Brgy.
Fabrica down to Brgy. Old Sagay.
As part of the local government’s marine protection

activities, Sagay City has the first marine museum in
the country, which is also the first hands-on interactive
children’s museum outside Metro Manila. The Museo
Sang Bata sa Negros not only entertains but also
educates the visitors on environment protection. At
the museum, children serve as tour guides who can
impress even adults with their spiels.
For those who are into flowers, the Sagay Ladies’

Circle has set-up the Sagay City Garden and Living
Tree Museum in a one-hectare lot located near the
government center. The Park has a gazebo, grotto,
sheds, and different ornamental plants and trees,
which are ideal for family picnics or for simply
communing with nature.

How to get there
Sagay City is accessible by plane from Manila and Cebu via Bacolod-
Silay Airport and is serviced by various airlines daily.
By sea, Negros Navigation and WG&A Superferry have regular shipping

schedules from Manila to Bacolod City. Several fast crafts have regular
schedules from Iloilo to Bacolod and vice versa.
From Cebu, Sagay can be accessed by sea from Toledo City via fast crafts
to San Carlos City in Negros Occidental. There are also Roll-On Roll-Off
ports in Bacolod City, Sagay City, Escalante City, and San Carlos City.
By land, Sagay City is approximately a two-hour drive by car from

Bacolod City. Buses, vans for hire, and mini-buses regularly plying the
northern Negros Occidental highway pass by Sagay City.

Mt. Kanlaon Natural Park

O ver the years, thousands of visitors have
trooped to Mt. Kanlaon Natural Park, drawn
Regions: Region VI and Region VII
by the rich tapestry of plant and wildlife that Provinces: Negros Occidental
have evolved over centuries; the legends and Negros Oriental
and spirits of the mountain and its forests,
waterfalls, rivers and streams; and the sheer City/Municipality:
majesty of explosive Mt. Kanlaon. Municipalities of Murcia and La
Castellana, and cities of Bago,
The Park is a critical watershed that supports La Carlota, and San Carlos
major river systems such as the Bago River, in Negros Occidental; and
Nahalin River, and Binalbagan River, which in Canlaon City, Negros Oriental
turn provide for the needs of the municipalities
and cities that encompass the protected area. Area: 24,557.60 hectares
Still, the major target for most visitors is the
summit crater of Mt. Kanlaon, where climbers Year/Date of Establishment:
are treated to magnificent and panoramic 8 August 2011
views of the Park and the surrounding forests.
Legal Instrument:
Rising 2,435 meters above sea level, the active Proc. No. 1005 (8 May 1997);
cone and summit crater of Mt. Kanlaon are the RA 9154 Series of 2011
Park’s most prominent features. Mt. Kanlaon
is the highest point in Central Philippines and
is part of a chain of volcanic mountains along
the central spine of the island of Negros and
the Negros Trench. These mountains include
Mt. Silay (1,533.67 meters), Mt. Mandalagan
(1,879.30 m), and Mt. Talinis (Cuernos de
Negros) in southern Negros Oriental Province.

Volcanic nature gives rise to unparalleled Mt. Kanlaon is central to
biodiversity the local mythology, named
after no less than Kan Laon,
The volcanic nature of Mt. Kanlaon is evidenced by the the supreme deity. Some
presence of several major vents, including the present tribes also hold Kanlaon to
active cone. The size of the active crater measures be the center of the universe
roughly more than 300 meters in diameter, and – its crater a portal into the
descends cylindrically to a depth of about 800 meters. unknown source of fire and
energy.
The foot of the active cone to the summit-crater is
barren of vegetation except for the growth of sparsely
strewn species of two types of grass namely, the Isache
vulcanica and the Miscanthus depauperatus, which are
both endemic to Mt. Kanlaon.
There are various habitats on Mt. Kanlaon, which

are dominated by lowland, montane, and mossy
forests. The high elevation forest is dominated by
gymnosperms, pandans, small to medium trees and
shrubs, herbaceous species, orchids, vines and other
epiphytes, ferns, and mosses.
The high diversity of fauna in the Park includes the

Visayan warty pig, Philippine spotted deer, civet cats,
and fruit bats. There are also a number of rare and
endangered bird species in the Park, including the blue-
crowned racquet-tailed parrot, Visayan tarictic hornbill,
flame-templed babbler, white-winged cuckoo-shrike,
and white-throated jungle flycatcher. Sadly, the Negros
bleeding heart pigeon and the Negros fruit dove are
critically endangered and are feared to be extinct.
The wonders of hiking through Mt. Kanlaon
There are a number of ways for visitors to enjoy the

natural attractions of Mt. Kanlaon Natural Park, but
the most popular activity is trekking to the summit.
Those who have come to marvel at the beauty of
the Park take away an exhilarating experience that
contributes to the conservation of the rich biodiversity
of Mt. Kanlaon.
For mountain climbers, tackling the mountain range is

a challenge because of its size and natural geophysical
features, such as deep ravines and crevices plus the
massive vertical rock walls that could get slippery from
mountain water drainage. The Park holds more than 40
kilometers of foot trails, most of which lead up to the
mountain’s summit. Depending on physical condition, Species richness in Mt.
entry point, and time restraints, hikes lasting from a Kanlaon Natural Park
few hours to several days can be planned. • 197 species of plants
• 171 species of birds
The Ara-al and Mapot trails provide a pleasant one-day • 25 species of mammals
access to the summit. While the Masulog trail offers • 14 species of reptiles
the shortest route (eight kilometers), it is a steady • 14 species of
uphill climb to the summit. The Wasay trail (longest amphibians
route) penetrates the most pristine wilderness of

Mt. Kanlaon Park, affording the visitors two days of rain forest and mossy forest
environments.
Some of the interesting features of the Park include the Hardin Sang Balo (which
translates into the Garden of the Widow). A campsite with a nearby water source,
the area marks the transformation of the forest from the tall diperocarps to the
montane variety. The growth of “eerie-looking, twisted and gnarled trees” among
the taller trees of the mid-mountain type has become the basis for local superstitions
related to the name of the area among the locals.
Hikers are likely to encounter small but scenic rain-fed lagoons with surrounding
dwarf trees. These lagoons are actually old craters of Kanlaon.

Near the summit is the Margaha Valley, another geologic feature of the Park. This old
collapsed crater vent of Mt. Kanlaon formed as an oval-shaped caldera measuring
about a kilometer across at its widest point with an average depth of roughly 400
feet below the rim. The bottom of the valley is a relatively large, flattened area some
40 hectares in size, which becomes a meter deep lagoon during the rainy season. It
becomes very dry during the summer months and serves as a campsite for visitors.
The summit crater of Mt. Kanlaon is an open area devoid of vegetation, except in
some portions where alpine-type species of grass and some other small shrubs grow,
and where volcanic rocks of varying sizes, solidified ash, lava, and other deposits of
pyroclastic materials become the dominant feature. The Park also hosts a number
of waterfalls, including the twin waterfalls of Sudlon and Quipot Falls.

How to get there
There are regular flights from Manila and Cebu to Bacolod City. Visitors
can then make the three-hour trip to Canlaon via private vehicle, buses or
vans for hire. Buses and vans for hire are also available for those coming
from Dumaguete. Trips may take from 3.5 to 5 hours depending on road
conditions.
By land and by boat from Cebu, people can take a van for hire from the
Citilink Terminal to Toledo (1.5 to 2 hours). In Toledo, there is a choice
between the fast craft (30 to 45 minutes) and Lite Ferries (1.5 to 2 hours)
from Cebu Island to Negros Island. Upon docking at the Port of San
Carlos City, take a tricycle to the Ceres Terminal, which has buses bound
for Canlaon. There are also direct Cebu-Bacolod buses in the Cebu North
Terminal. Visitors just need to make sure that it will pass through Canlaon.
Otherwise, travelers can change buses in San Carlos City.

Photo by Joel Cariño
Central Cebu
Protected Landscape

Photo by Joel Cariño
Tis helocated
Central Cebu Protected Landscape
in the center of Cebu province,
Region: Region VII
covering four cities, four municipalities, and 51 Province: Cebu
barangays. A major portion of the protected
area is the Buhisan Watershed Reserve, which City/Municipality:
has an area of 630.89 hectares. Portions of the municipalities
of Balamban, Compostela,
The topography of the protected area is Consolacion, and Minglanilla,
generally rugged or steep, with elevations and the cities of Cebu, Danao,
ranging from 500 to 990 meters above sea Talisay, and Toledo
level. The highest elevation is at Mt. Manunggal
in Brgy. Magsaysay, Balamban, Cebu. Area: 28,192.518 hectares
Restored forests, various endemics Year/Date of Establishment:
7 June 2007
The Central Cebu Protected Landscape
provides habitats for a number of endemic Legal Instrument: RA 9486
species. Many of these are already considered
threatened by extinction. Some of the rare and
endangered species found in the protected
area include the Cebu cinnamon tree, Cebu
derris, and a fig species, all confined to primary
vegetation. A species of orchid from the
Tabunan Forest, Flickingeria sp., is presumed
to be new to science.
The natural forest of the Buhisan Watershed

Reserve was lost about a century ago, when
most of the island became denuded, leaving an
undistinguished cover of brushland. However,
reforestation activities were conducted in the
1900s using exotic species, forming a mixed

speciation of several dominant species within the area.
Recent floral surveys resulted in the listing of species
such as teak, gmelina, mahogany, ipil-ipil, kakawate,
patikan, and binunga.
There may be more species in the Park given the size of

the Central Cebu Protected Landscape. More research
has to be undertaken to provide a better picture of the
biodiversity status of the area.
Environmental education and recreation Cebu Hawk Owl.

Photo by Godfrey Jakosalem
Research studies are regularly undertaken by
researchers and scientists from local academic Biodiversity recorded on
scientific communities and organizations in the Park, Central Cebu Protected
particularly in the natural forest in Tabunan, Cebu City Landscape
where high levels of biodiversity can still be observed. • 127 plant species
• 3 plant species endemic
Watershed educational tours are also often conducted to Cebu
for students. They are usually guided by non- • 144 plant species
government organizations or by faculty members endemic to the
of schools and universities of nearby cities and Philippines
municipalities. These tours include lectures discussing • 74 species of endemic
the watershed and the important role of trees and fauna
forests in the environment. • 15 species of birds
• 2 species of reptiles
A number of resorts, cottages, inns, zip lines, and other • 5 species of insects
tourism-related establishments have been established • 1 species of mammal
in the area particularly along the Cebu Transcentral
Highway in Barangay Gaas, Balamban, Cebu.
A big ecotourism Park is also planned to be established

on Mt. Manungal, Magsaysay, Balamban, Cebu. This
is also the crash site of Mt. Pinatubo, the airplane
boarded by the Late President Ramon Magsaysay
on March 17, 1957. This date marks the annual Mt.
Manungal Trek, where more than 2,000 campers join
different activities in commemoration of the death
anniversary of the beloved president.

How to get there
The Central Cebu Protected
Landscape is about 27
kilometers from the Cebu
provincial capitol. It can be
reached through the Cebu
Transcentral Highway, which
connects Cebu City to the
Municipality of Balamban
in the western part of the
province. There are no public
utility vehicles plying the
area except vans for hire and
“habal-habal”.

Mimbilisan Protected
Landscape

C overing 66.515 hectares in Misamis
Oriental, the Mimbilisan Protected Landscape
Region: Region X
is a critical watershed that provides valuable Province: Misamis Oriental
ecological services to its host municipalities
and nearby communities. City/Municipality:
Brgy. Mapua, municipality of
Mimbilisan is characterized by rolling hills and Balingoan
low lying mountains, and is shaped like a gorge
with Mindocdocan Creek at its base. With a Area: 66.515 hectares
maximum elevation of 535 meters above sea
level, the presence of extensive forests and Year/Date of Establishment:
water retentive aquifers on Mimbilisan allows 2007
it to function as a significant water reservoir.
Legal Instrument:
Adjacent moderately steep slopes permit Proc. No. 134 (5 July 1999); RA
agricultural activity. Surrounding areas are 9494 (22 August 2007)
thus planted with coconut, coffee, banana,
abaca, corn, cassava, and other root crops.
Forest and agricultural land contribute to

critical watershed
The forests of Mimbilisan consist of

dipterocarps, Moraceae species of shrubs and
trees, vines and lianas, palms, and numerous
riparian or plant species that are specific to
wetlands and banks of rivers and streams.
The deep penetrating roots of trees, such as
the dipterocarps, regulate water inflow and
discharges, and control floods and drought in
the area. The diversity of the forest regulates
and enhances climate stability in this and
nearby localities.

Important flora and fauna found in Mimbilisan Protected Landscape include red
lauan, tarictic hornbill, grass owl, rufous hornbill, large-billed crow, jungle fowl,
Philippine long tailed macaque, Philippine cobra, monitor lizards, and river crabs.
Coconut trees dominate the agricultural areas. Grasses and low-lying shrubbery
cover other patches of uncultivated land. Fast growing species of trees are sparsely
planted in the area, usually as tree fences of households and boundaries of farmlots.
These species include gmelina, bagras, falcata, and mahogany.
High ecotourism potential
Realizing the ecotourism potential of the Mimbilisan Protected Landscape, funds

from the national government have been requested for the construction of various
ecotourism structures. A Visitor Center has been established while plans for other
infrastructure, such as a Protected Area Office, resting area for staff and visitors, and
others, are being developed.
Various activities have been undertaken to further strengthen the protected area’s
functions as a critical watershed and site for ecotourism and other recreational
activities. These projects include an Upland Development Program that developed
10 hectares in 2010. From 2011-2012, 40 hectares were planted with narra, red and
white lauan, and molave under the National Greening Program.
Activities that may be introduced through a well thought ecotourism plan include
hiking through the forest; nature and biodiversity appreciation through plant walks;
environmental education tours that highlight the importance of the site as a critical
watershed; and nature photography. Birdwatching can also be developed as the
Mimbilisan Protected Landscape serves as a feeding and nesting station of migratory
birds.

How to get there
The watershed is accessible via the barangay road of
Mapua where a trail connects to the site. Mapua-bound
motorcycles (habal-habal) are available at the municipality’s
central district. The total distance of barangay Mapua from
the central district of Balingoan is seven kilometers and
takes about 20 minutes travel to reach the area. The road is
unpaved and difficult to access during rainy season.

Mt. Malindang Natural Park

Ltheyingmagnificent
at the core of Misamis Occidental is
range of Mt. Malindang. The
Region: Region X
Park covers 53,262 hectares of forest lands Province: Misamis Occidental,
stretching over the cities of Oroquieta, Ozamis and portions of Zamboanga del
and Tangub; and the municipalities of Sapang Norte and Zamboanga del Sur
Dalaga, Concepcion, Don Victoriano, Calamba,
Aloran, Panaon, Jimenez, Tudela Sinacaban, City/Municipality: Cities of
Clarin and Bonifacio, as well as the provinces Oroquieta, Ozamis and Tangub,
of Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga and Municipalities of Sapang
del Sur. Seven major peaks punctuate the Dalaga, Concepcion, Don
mountain range, with Mt. Malindang (2,404 Victoriano, Calamba, Aloran,
meters) as the highest and Mt. Ampiro (1,532 Panaon, Jimenez, Tudela
meters) as the lowest peak. Sinacaban, Clarin and Bonifacio
First declared a National Park and Watershed Area: 53,262 hectares
Reserve on 19 June 1971, Mt. Malindang
Natural Park was one of the first components Year/Date of Establishment:
of the National Integrated Protected Areas 2004
System in 2004. In 2011, Mt. Malindang was
declared an ASEAN Heritage Park in recognition Legal Instrument: RA 6266
of the importance of its biodiversity resources (19 June 1971); RA 9304 (30
to the country and to the ASEAN region. July 2004)
The Park is economically significant to the
province and its neighboring communities as
it supports 15 major watersheds.
Nature’s medicine cabinet
The Park has five distinct habitats, specifically

grassland, dipterocarp forest, lower montane
forest, upland wetland, and mossy and

associated forest. The rich vegetation of the Park
encompasses thousands of plant species, many of
which are endemic and threatened with extinction,
including rattans and 10 dipterocarp species such as
red lauan, white lauan, and tanguile.
Various plants are known for their high medicinal

values and are used extensively by the local indigenous
peoples. These include sili-sili (Drimys piperita), which
treats stomach and muscle spasms, and kalingag
(Cinnamomum mercadoi). Kalingag is one of the oldest
known herbal medicines, which have been mentioned
in Chinese medicinal texts as far back as 4,000 years
ago and used medicinally in Egypt around 500 BC.
Infusions of the bark and leaves of kalingag are used to Amazing wildlife of Mt.
treat appetite loss, vomiting, various aches and pains, Malindang
rheumatism, dysentery, and diarrhea, among many • 1,284 species of plants
other ailments. • 36 species of mammals
High value endemic ornamental plants can also be • 33 species of reptiles
found in the Park, such as the Philippine orchid, fishtail • 26 species of
palm Caryota cuminggii, and many others. Because amphibians
of the high endemicity of the Park’s biodiversity, Mt.
Malindang was included in the list of extremely high
conservation priority areas for plants in 2002.
Eagles nest here, too
The Philippine eagle has been recorded several times

on Mt. Malindang, making the Park an important part
of the network of sites required for the conservation of
this critically endangered species.
Other endangered species found in the Park are the

Philippine deer, Philippine tarsier, rufous hornbill,
flying lemur, reticulated python, monitor lizard,
Mindanao warty pig, and others. Twenty-four birds and
three reptile species have cultural and socio-economic
significance to local communities.

Volcanic history gives rise to unique ecosystems
Several features indicate that the mountain range was formed through a series of
volcanic activities throughout its long history. These include the six-hectare crater
lake known as Lake Duminagat and two large sunken areas (measuring more than
20 hectares) surrounded by high rock walls, cinder cones, dome volcanic plugs,
amphitheater structures, extensive distribution of volcanic rocks, carbonized wood
found in pyroclastic deposits, and two sulfuric hot springs. Canyons, gores and
ravines dissect the entire mountain range.
The Subanen of Mindanao
Mt. Malindang is considered the ancestral domain of the Subanen, the indigenous
people of Misamis Occidental. They are also known as the Subanon – the freedom
loving people of Northern Mindanao. Subanon is derived from the vernacular word
“suba” which means river, and are so named because they dwell near or along
riverbanks. The Subanen comprise around 75 percent of the occupants of the Park.

Peaks, waterfalls and Lake Duminagat
The most popular activities in the Park are climbing to the many challenging peaks,
and hiking through nature trails to see wildlife and rivers, waterfalls, caves, and
hot springs. As a refuge of the Philippine eagle and various other endangered bird
species, the Park is a magnet for serious birdwatchers. Visitors can also see some
sites that are culturally significant to the local community, specifically the mystical
Lake Duminagat, a crater lake.
Lake Duminagat is a small lake with a surface area of 8.04 hectares, with a maximum
depth of 20.95 meters at about the middle of the lake. Located 1,560 meters above
sea level, Lake Duminagat was most likely the result of a violent ejection of magma
forming the depression that accumulated water, which gave rise to the lake.
The lake is one of the historical landmarks of the Subanen and used as a ritual
site during important gatherings on Mt. Malindang. The Subanen make an annual
pilgrimage to the lake during Holy Week because they believe that the water coming
from the lake can heal various illnesses. The annual expedition allows the Subanen
to witness and experience the grandeur and mystical power of the lake.

How to get there
From Manila, there are regular
flights to Ozamiz City, Misamis
Occidental. Buses or private
vehicles can take visitors to
the Protected Area Office
in Oroquieta City. Access
to the Park is through the
municipality of Don Victoriano,
which can be reached through
jeepneys on regular scheduled
routes from Ozamiz or
Oroquieta City.

Photo by the Biodiversity Partnerships Project
Mt. Hamiguitan Range

Wildlife Sanctuary

C overing 6,834 hectares, Mt. Hamiguitan
Range Wildlife Sanctuary (MHRWS) is shared
Region: Region XI
by seven barangays namely, Macambol and Province: Davao Oriental
Cabuaya of Mati; La Union, Maputi and Talisay
of San Isidro; and Osmeña Sr. and Tandang City/Municipality:
Sora of Governor Generoso, all in the province Municipalities of Mati, Gov.
of Davao Oriental. Generoso, and San Isidro
Established in 2004, the sanctuary is Area: 6,834 hectares
dominated by Mt. Hamiguitan, which stands
at 1,637 meters. An ASEAN Heritage Park, Mt. Year/date of establishment:
Hamiguitan is distinguished by a bonsai field 30 July 2004
or ‘pygmy’ forest of 100-year-old trees on
ultramafic soil. Noted for its rich biodiversity, Legal instrument:
the protected area has also been identified RA 9303 or Mt. Hamiguitan
as one of the Key Biodiversity Areas in the Range Wildlife Sanctuary Act
country. of 2004
Mossy forests yield rich biodiversity
Major forest types in the sanctuary include

cultivated forests with brushland and
grassland at the lower portions of the Park;
secondary growth forest; and mossy forest in
the highlands. Trees within the mossy-pygmy
forest have an average height of only 1.4
meters with a diameter of eight centimeters.
One of the dominant species that can only
be found in this forest type is tinikaran or red
fig tree and Wendlandia nervosa. Other rare
plant species found on Mt. Hamiguitan include
the slipper orchid, nepenthes, staghorn fern,

rhododendrons, and Philippine hardwoods such as
yakal and tangile.
Recorded fauna species in MHRWS include endemic

mammals such as the golden-crown flying fox,
Philippine tarsier, Philippine warty pig, Philippine brown
deer, Philippine mossy-pygmy fruit bat, Philippine
monkey, Philippine palm civet, Philippine tree squirrel,
Philippine common field rat, and Mindanao wild pig.
The Philippine eagle has been recorded in the Park, as

well as endemic bird species including the Philippine
glossy starling, Philippine flowerpecker, Philippine
turtle dove, Philippine coucal, Philippine hawk-eagle,
Mindanao bleeding-heart, Philippine cockatoo, and
Pitcher Plant. Photo by the
the Philippine dwarf kingfisher. Biodiversity Partnerships Project
In 2006, a yellow-brown rodent was discovered in the Recorded wildlife in
pygmy forests of Mt. Hamiguitan and identified as a
new species. The discovery of the Hamiguitan hairy MHRWS
tailed rat reinforces the rich biodiversity of the wildlife • 423 species of animals
sanctuary and strengthens the need for its effective • 16 species of mammals
conservation. • 53 species of birds
Philipine Eagle. Photo by Klaus Nigge

Lakes, waterfalls and bonsai fields
Visitors can enjoy a number of recreational pursuits in

Mt. Hamiguitan. Some of the local attractions include
the Tinagong Dagat or Hidden Lake, which has an area
of about five hectares.
The bonsai field or pygmy forest is located southeast

from Mt. Hamiguitan and covers an estimated area of
1,234.56 hectares. The area looks like a ricefield from
a distance. Plant species found in the pygmy forest
include almaciga, cedar, lokinai, yakal, dapdap and
bitanghol. On the southern portion of the bonsai field
are springs, which run into two creeks.
Visitors can also go to Licub Falls and several other

waterfalls on the headwaters of the Dumagooc River.
The more adventurous tourists can opt to climb Mt.
Hamiguitan. There are tremendous opportunities for
bird watching, trekking and camping in the wildlife
sanctuary.

Various routes to the peak
The protected area is accessible on the western

side through three routes. The first route, which is
frequently used, is via Sitio Mahayag of Barangay
La Union, the starting point of the travel, which
is accessible by land transportation and is about
25 kilometers from San Isidro Proper. From Sitio
Mahayag, it would take a day hike to reach the
dipterocarp forest and another six hours hiking the
following day to reach the bonsai field or pygmy
forest, and another two hours hike to reach Tinagong
Dagat. Another day hike is reserved to reach the peak
of Mt. Hamiguitan.
Another route is via Purok 8 of Barangay Sergio

Osmeña River upstream from Purok 4, the starting
point of the hike. Purok 4 is accessible by any land
transport and is about seven kilometers from the
town proper of Governor Generoso.
The third route, which is via Sitio Magum of

Macambol, is not frequently used due to its difficult
terrain. Sitio Magum is about 45 minutes by pump
boat (motorized banca) from Macambaol, which is
also about 45 minutes by pump boat from the port
of Mati.

How to get there
Regular flights are available
from Manila to Davao City.
From Davao City, ride a bus to
the Municipality of San Isidro
which will take around 2.5
hours. Buses are also available
from Davao City to Mati, with
a travel time of 4 hours.

Mt. Kitanglad Natural Park

M t. Kitanglad Natural Park hosts one of
the few remaining intact rainforests in the
Region: Region XI
Philippines. The Park also provides sanctuary Province: Bukidnon
to an immense variety of flora and fauna,
including the endangered Philippine eagle. City/Municipality:
MKRNP was declared a protected area in 2000 Baungon, Talakag, Lantapan,
and is also an ASEAN Heritage Park. Impasugong, Sumilao, Libona,
and Manolo Fortich; and
The Park covers 47,270 hectares in the north Malaybalay City
central portion of the province of Bukidnon,
and straddles parts of the municipalities of Area: 47,270 hectares
Baungon, Talakag, Lantapan, Impasugong,
Sumilao, Libona, and Manolo Fortich and Year/date of establishment:
the city of Malaybalay. The Park is the major 2000
watershed that provides water for irrigation,
power generation and domestic use for Legal instrument: RA 8978
Bukidnon, as well as the province of Misamis
Oriental, and the catchment area of the
Cagayan, Tagoloan and Pulangi river system.
Rich forests and exceptional biodiversity
Habitat types of Mt. Kitanglad include lowland

evergreen forest, lower montane forest,
upper montane or mossy forest, grasslands,
freshwater wetlands, and caves. These
habitats protect a large population of flora
and fauna endemic to the Philippines, many
of which are already endangered.
Aside from the Philippine eagle, other

avian species include Whitehead’s swiftlet,

Mindanao lorikeet, Mindanao racquet-tail, Mindanao Did you know?
scops owl, slaty-backed jungle-flycatcher, red-eared The name “kitanglad” is a
parrot finch, and Apo myna. Numerous bat species combination of Visayan words
have been recorded and these include the Mindanao “kita” (to see) and “tanglad”
pygmy fruit bat, which is abundant and endemic to the (lemon grass), taken from a
Park, and the first fruit bat species known in Asia. legend, which says that lemon
grass was the only thing visible
Some of the endemic mammals found in the Park on top of the mountain as a
are the Philippine brown deer, Mindanao moon rat, great flood once submerged
Philippine flying lemur, Philippine warty pig, Mindanao Bukidnon.
tree, and Philippine tarsier.
The indigenous peoples of Mt. Kitanglad
Three main indigenous communities – the Tala-andig,

Higa-onon and Bukidnon groups – consider Mt.
Kitanglad the center of their well-being. They regard
the mountain range as their ancestral domain as their
history, myth and tradition revolve around it.
The indigenous communities have first and prior rights

over the Park’s natural resources as they have nurtured
these resources over several generations. Academic
researchers need to seek permission from the Council
of Elders to conduct studies in the Park, and rituals
are performed for hiking groups who wish to trek to
the Park’s various summits. They have become more
vigilant against intrusions into their areas and continue
to fight against biopiracy while preserving their cultural
traditions and institutionalizing indigenous leadership.
Various monuments, known as bangkasu, have been

built around the Park to highlight the culture of the
Park and its people. Offerings to the gods are made on
the bangkasu, and some of these monuments include
bangkasu hulalawang, the altar of the gods who keep
honey, which is built in a hidden spring at the foot of Mt.
Apolang. This altar marks the traditional worship area
of the Tala-andig community. Another monument, the
altar of the gods who protect wild animals, was built at
the eastern side of Kiabansag Mountain while a third
can be found at Kaatuan, Lantapan.
Magnet for mountain climbers and nature lovers
More than a dozen mountain peaks, densely forested

slopes, a number of caves, several waterfalls and a hot
spring can be found in the Park. Five of the Park’s peaks
have very high elevations: Mt. Dulang-Dulang (the
highest at 2,938 meters); Mt. Kitanglad (2,899 m); Mt.
Maagnaw (2,742 m); Mt. Lumuluyaw (2,612 m); and
Mt. Tuminungan (2,400 m). Climbing to the summit,
camping, and bird watching are thus among some of
the most popular activities in the Park.

The mountains can generally be scaled all year round
The biodiversity of Mt. and various trails lead to the mountain peaks. One of
Kitanglad Natural Park the trails to the summit of Mt. Kitanglad starts at Sitio
• 168 species of birds Intavas, La Fortuna, Impasugong town. Sitio Intavas
• 131 species of can be reached by any type of vehicle and is about an
butterflies hour from Malaybalay City or two hours from Cagayan
• 63 species of mammals de Oro City. The sitio is about five kilometers away
• 26 species of from the foot of Mt. Kitanglad. From the foot to the
amphibians summit, it is a three- to five-hour walk along the three-
• 25 species of reptiles kilometer trail.
The Lupiagan trail to the summit of Mt. Kitanglad is

located at Barangay Lupiagan, Sumilao, Bukidnon.
Sumilao is five kilometers away from the Kisolon Bus
Terminal along Sayre Highway. From Sumilao, an eight-
kilometer road leads to Lupiagan at the foot of Mt.
Kitanglad.
To climb Mt. Dulang-dulang, one trail starts at Sitio

Bologan, Songco, Lantapan in Bukidnon. Public utility
jeepneys ply the Malaybalay-Kibanggay route. From
Malaybalay City, it takes an hour and a half to reach
Crossing Bologan. The Bologan trail leads climbers to
Mt. Dulang-dulang and a cross-country hike towards
Mt. Kitanglad using the Intavas or Lupiagan route.
Another popular activity is camping at the Cinchona

Forest Reserve at Kaatuan, Lantapan, Bukidnon. The
reserve was established on 22 September 1936 and
covers 1,914 hectares.

Birdwatchers flock to Mt. Kitanglad to see the nesting sites of the Philippine eagle,
which are located in Sitio Mangasa, Dalwangan, Malaybalay City, and at the Cinchona
Forest Reserve in Barangay Kaatoan, Lantapan. The Ecolodge at Sitio Lalawan,
Dalwangan, also offers birdwatching and camping activities.
Various trails in the Park lead to numerous waterfalls. Lusok Falls at Kalanganan,
Baungon is a series of three falls with a height of 30-50 meters. The waterfalls can be
reached in two hours along a five-kilometer jungle trail. Nabitag Falls at Sitio Lantud,
Brgy Sagaran, Talakag, Bukidnon measures 200 meters and can be reached through
a two-hour walk from Brgy. Sagaran.
Mt. Kitanglad Natural Park features a School of Living Tradition, which is home to
the Talaandig community. Found in Sitio Tulugan in Songco, Lantapan, the school
showcases the community’s various products through weaving, handicraft making,
rituals, dance and music. People entering sacred areas are required to participate in
a cleansing ritual called pangawan.

How to get there
There are daily flights from
Manila and Cebu City to
Cagayan de Oro City, the
access point to the province
of Bukidon. From Cagayan de
Oro, the Park can be reached
by regular public transport
(jeepneys and buses) plying the
Cagayan-Bukidnon routes at
Agora terminal.

Mt. Apo Natural Park

M t. Apo Natural Park may well be the best
known Park in the Philippines, as it is home
Region:
Region XI and Region XII
to the country’s highest peak (Mt. Apo at
3,143.6 meters), and is the stronghold of Province:
the Philippine eagle. Spanning a total of Cotabato and Davao del Sur
54,974 hectares, the Park stretches over two
administrative regions, namely Kidapawan City/Municipality: Kidapawan
City and the municipalities of Makilala and City, municipalities of Makilala
Magpet, Cotabato province, Region 12; and and Magpet, Cotabato, Region
municipalities of Bansalan and Sta. Cruz and 12; municipalities of Bansalan
Digos City, Davao del Sur, and Davao City, and Sta. Cruz, and Digos City,
Region 11. Davao del Sur, and Davao City,
Region 11.
Mt. Apo was first declared a national Park in
1936 and proclaimed a natural Park in 2003. Area: 54,974 hectares
Mt. Apo Natural Park is an ASEAN Heritage
Park, one of seven in the Philippines. Year/date of establishment:
2003
Haven for rare and endemic species
Legal instrument:
The Park embraces a variety of forest types, Proc. No. 882 (24 September
including lowland evergreen, montane, 1996); RA 9237 (3 February
mossy, and scrubland forest at the summit 2004); DAO No. 2010-03 (12
of Mt. Apo. These and numerous mountain February 2010); RA 9237 (2003)
lakes, waterfalls, and hot springs nurture an
amazing array of plant and animal life, some
of which are rare and endemic.
Endemic flora found in the Park include

almaciga, almon, igem, kalantas, Mindanao
kalingag, and apo bubonan. The waling-
waling, Queen of Philippine orchids, is
endemic to the provinces of Davao, Cotabato,
and Zamboanga, and can also be found on

Pithecophaga jefferyi
The Philippine eagle is among the
largest and most powerful eagles
in the world and is geographically
restricted to the islands of Luzon,
Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao.
Declining forests and food
sources, poaching, mating and
breeding behavior, and slow
reproduction have contributed to
the decline of the species.

Mt. Apo. It is considered rare in the wild and was
Did you know? declared the country’s national flower alongside the
Mt. Apo is a dormant sampaguita in 2003.
volcano, which last erupted
in 1640. Sometimes its The rich fauna of the Park includes two critically
upper southeastern slopes endangered bird species, the Philippine eagle and the
appear to be covered with Philippine cockatoo, locally known as abukay. Other
snow when viewed from the endangered bird species include the Mindanao scops
Provincial Capitol of Davao owl, lesser eagle owl, Mindanao lorikeet, writhed
del Sur. On closer inspection, hornbill, Mt. Apo myna, Apo lorikeet, and Bagobo
it is actually covered with babbler.
sulphur (which is yellow)
coming from hundreds of There are many more rare interesting species in the
sulphur vents on the upper Park, such as the tudaya giant rat, wild pig, tarsier, tree
slopes. shrew, and Philippine brown deer.
The wide ranging habitats and the rich biodiversity

in the Park are the primary reasons why Mt. Apo is
considered as one of the Key Biodiversity Areas of the
Philippines.
The Park and its peoples
Seven indigenous groups – Manobos, Klatas, Bagobo,

Ubos, Atas, K’Iagans and the Tagacaolo – call Mt.
Apo their home. They live on the lower slopes of the
mountain, which they consider their ancestral domain
and sacred ground, and the burial ground of Apo
Sandawa, their great forefather. To them, the name
Apo means “lord” or “ancient ancestor.” Mt. Apo is
considered the wellspring of their spiritual and cultural
way of life, and source of food and medicine.

Highland mountains, waterfalls and hot springs
Mt. Apo has attracted thousands of visitors for years,

with most seeking the distinction of climbing the
country’s highest peak. Several access routes lead
inside the Park, but three are the most accessible.
These are the northeast trail through Baracatan, which
is steep and may take three days of hiking; northwest
trail from Kidapawan, Cotabato, which is a two-day
hike; and southwest through Makilala, which is also a
two-day trek.
But there is more to the Park than just scaling Mt. Apo.
The mountain is distinguished by mountain lakes such
as Lake Venado, the highest lake in the country with
an estimated surface elevation of 2,194 meters above
sea level. Venado is Spanish for “deer” referring to the
deer-like shape of the lake. The locals, however, call
the lake “linaw”, a Cebuano term for “clear” for the Mt. Apo’s rich wildlife
crystal-clear water of the lake. The local people believe
that the lake is enchanted by spirits. Lake Venado is a Over 800 species of flora
famous campsite for mountain climbers and a stopover • 629 vascular and non-
towards the peak. Lakes Maag and Jordan are found vascular species
on the summit grassland. • 572 ferns and
angiosperms
• 57 bryophytes or mosses
• 37 species with
economic value
378 species of fauna

• 53 species of mammals
• 17 species of
amphibians
• 36 species of reptiles
• 118 species of
butterflies

Lake Agco, also known as the “Blue Lake”, is located
in Kidapawan City. Some parts of the lake are icy cold,
while others are hot enough to cook an egg, with heat
coming from underwater volcanic vents.
Waterfalls and hot springs can be found at various

points in the Park. One of the most scenic waterfalls
is Tudaya Falls in Sibulan, Sta. Cruz, which is three
kilometers from the Bagobo settlements. According
to the locals, the enchanted falls roars angrily at times
and offerings have to be made to appease evil spirits.
Montebago Falls is located between Nueva Bida and
Batasan and can be seen from the highway, resembling
a thin white veil with an approximate elevation of 300
meters. Other waterfalls in the Park include Mabbu
and Tagibaka both at Bongolonan, Magpet, Cotabato,
and Bacoco Falls in Kapatagan, Digos City.
Well known hot springs in the Park include Batasan

Hotspring at Makilala, Cotabato Province; Palaca
Hotspring at Sibulan, Sta. Cruz, Davao del Sur; and
Mainit Hotspring in Sta. Cruz, Davao del Sur. Flortam
Hotsprings is located at Brgy. Batasan and has mini-
pools of both hot and cold water.

How to get there
The Park is accessible through
Davao City. From Davao City,
one can motor to the foothills
from where there are trails to
the summit of Apo. There are
five entry points to the Park,
namely:
1. Sibulan-Tudaya Trail ,
Sta. Cruz, Davao del Sur
2. Kapatagan Trail, Digos
City
3. Kidapawan-Ilomavis,
Kidapawan City
4. New Israel-Makalangit,
Makilala, North
Cotabato
5. Bongolanon Trail-
Magpet, North Cotabato

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This publication would not have been possible without the contributions of
the following Offices:
DENR-Biodiversity Management Bureau

Dr. Theresa Mundita S. Lim, Director
Engr. Noel Antonio V. Gaerlan, Assistant Director
Dr. Vincent V. Hilomen, Executive Director for Priority Programs
and Coastal and Marine
Meriden E. Maranan, Chief, National Parks Division
Josefina L. De Leon, Chief, Wildlife Resources Division
Marlynn M. Mendoza, Chief, Coastal and Marine Division
Armida P. Andres, Chief, Biodiversity Policy and Knowledge
Management Division
Maritess V. Agayatin, OIC-Chief, Caves, Wetlands,
and Other Ecosystems Division
Nelson G. Castillo, Park Operations Superintendent, Ninoy Aquino Parks
and Wildlife Center
Norma M. Molinyawe
Jennelyn S. Asegurado
Angeline T. Villalba
Deborah Anne M. Dayao
Noel Jessie M. Aquino
Gerardo F. Lita
DENR Regional Offices

DENR Region II, DENR Region IV-A, DENR Region IV-B, DENR Region VI,
DENR Region VII, DENR Region X, and DENR Region XI
Office of Senator Loren B. Legarda

Sen. Loren B. Legarda
Atty. Rachel Sibugan Herrera
Kristine Sheree Mangunay-Infante
Theresa Robenta
Estelle Piencenaves
Karen Capino
ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity

Atty. Roberto V. Oliva, Executive Director
Clarissa C. Arida, Director, Programme Development and
Implementation Unit
Sahlee Bugna-Barrer
Eisen Bernard V. Bernardo
Rhia C. Galsim

Protected Areas Guidebook (Complete)

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Protected Areas Guidebook (Complete)

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Copyright © 2015 by Biodiversity Management Bureau -

Department of Environment and Natural Resources

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or

Printed and Distributed

G reetings from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources

As stewards of the country’s rich biological resources, we are privileged to

Increasing pressures, however, from deforestation, habitat loss, pollution,

Ecotourism is a vital approach in protected and natural resources

The Guidebook to Protected Areas of the Philippines is a step towards

The book highlights the biodiversity richness, research and conservation

I invite everyone to enjoy the Guidebook to Protected Areas of the

Ramon P.J. Paje

TAndheoneworld in the 21st century faces daunting environmental challenges.

The Philippines is considered as one of the world’s megadiverse countries, a

This guidebook by the Biodiversity Management Bureau of the Department

I hope to enjoin everyone to conserve, preserve, protect and, if possible,

Let us all be worthy and responsible stewards of the Earth.

Senator Loren Legarda

Guidebook to Protected Areas of the Philippines iii

The Philippines is one of the world’s 17 megabiodiversity countries that

As repositories of rich natural capital, much of the country’s best nature

Photo by Eric Madeja

Guidebook to Protected Areas of the Philippines 2

The Guidebook to Protected Areas of the

Starting with 16 sites, the Guidebook aims

The Guidebook to Protected Areas of the

Guidebook to Protected Areas of the Philippines 4

Guidebook to Protected Areas of the Philippines 4

It serves as an oasis in a highly urbanized Province: Metro Manila

The NAPWC envisions to be a world-class

All year round, the Park becomes the venue

7 Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center

Based on the 2008 survey by the Philippine Native

Facilities for nature appreciation

Various structures and facilities can be found within the

Guidebook to Protected Areas of the Philippines 8

• Leonard Co Native Garden

• Don Jose Sanvictores Grove

The beauty and tranquility of the four-hectare man-made lagoon

Further, the BMB offices are integrated to the overall landscape

9 Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center

Reinforcing the NAPWC as a natural learning site

The BMB aims to strengthen the NAPWC’s role as

Currently, the “Zero Waste Management Program” in

Part of this program is the construction of a Materials

Installation art, which made use of tree stumps

Construction of the Protected Area (PA) Gallery is also

Guidebook to Protected Areas of the Philippines 10

11 Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center

Protected Areas of the Philippines 2

The islands and islets of the province are

13 Batanes Protected Landscape and Seascape

Batan also features rolling pasture land with year-round

Mountains dominate the island of Sabtang with sharp

Incomparable diversity of species

BPLS hosts a number of rare and endemic species.

Recorded fauna in BPLS indicate a number of recent

Other interesting species include the endemic yellow-

Guidebook to Protected Areas of the Philippines 14

Indigenous knowledge nurtures biodiversity

The Ivatans have also developed community-based mechanisms in environmental

15 Batanes Protected Landscape and Seascape

So much to do, so little time