2016 nr 23

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Beate Kowalski1

THE OPEN DOOR OF HEAVEN: REFLECTIONS

ON THE BOOK OF REVELATION, CHAPTERS 4 AND 5

Introduction

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1. Rev 4-5 and its position in John’s Revelation

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14
6YHUUH%¡HGog and Magog: Ezekiel 38–39 as Pre-Text for Revelation 19,17–21 and 20,7–10:LVVHQVFKDIWOLFKH
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2. Structure of the text

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3. Places and actors

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3.1. Places

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nation, 10 and hast made them a kingdom and priests to our God, and they shall reign
on earth.“
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”Worthy is the Lamb who was slain, to receive power and wealth and wisdom and
might and honour and glory and blessing!“
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glory and might for ever and ever!“
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“Amen!”

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$XQHRevelation±
 -DQ)HNNHVIsaiah and Prophetic Traditions in the Book of Revelation. Visionary Antecedents and their Develop-
ment-RXUQDOIRUWKHVWXG\RIWKH1HZ7HVWDPHQW6XSSOHPHQW6HULHV-61766KHI¿HOG
 )ORUHQWLQR*DUFtD0DUWtQH](LEHUW-&7LJFKHODDUThe Dead Sea ScrollsStudy Edition vol. I (1Q1–4Q273)/HL-
GHQ±%RVWRQ±.|OQ


7KHUHDUHKXJHSDUDOOHOVWKHRQO\GLIIHUHQFHLVWKDWWKHMRLQWZRUVKLSEHWZHHQKXPDQ
EHLQJVDQGEHLQJVRIWKHKHDYHQO\FRXUWLVPRUHXQIROGHGWKDQLQ4XPUDQ-RKQKDVWKH
LGHDRIDPRUHLQWHUDFWLYHZRUVKLSSLQJSHUIRUPDQFHHVSWKHWKUHHGR[RORJLHVLQ±
+LVOLWXUJLFDOLGHDSURSRVHVLQWHUDFWLRQEHWZHHQKHDYHQDQGHDUWKWKHHDUWKO\OLWXUJ\LV
WKHUHVSRQVHWRWKHKHDYHQO\OLWXUJ\ZKLFKLVWKHUHVSRQVHWRWKHSUHVHQFHRI*RG

4.2. Function of the worship

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DUHVSRQVHWRKHDYHQO\ZRUVKLS,WVVWDUWLQJSRLQWLVWKHSUHVHQFHRI*RGZKLFKGHPDQGV
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SUD\HULVSROLWLFDO,WLVDFRQIHVVLRQDQGZRUVKLSRIWKHULJKW/RUG

Summary

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WKHOHVVLWVLPDJHRI*RGGHVHUYHVIXUWKHUUHÀHFWLRQ,WLVIUHHIURPDQ\NLQGRIDQWKURPRU-
SKLVPV*RGLVWKHVRYHUHLJQDQGSDQWRNUDWRUZKRKDVPRUHSRZHUWKDQDQ\HDUWKO\DXWKRULW\
7KHVFUROOLQKLVULJKWKDQGLVRQHV\PERORIKLVEHLQJ+HLVWKHRQO\ZKRNQRZVWKHKLVWRU\
DQGWKHIXWXUH2QO\*RGDQGWKH/DPEKDYHWKHSODQDWWKHLURZQSURSRVDOLWLVQRWDYDLODEOH
IRUKXPDQEHLQJV7KHPRVWDSSURSULDWHUHVSRQVHWRWKHPDMHVWLF*RGLVSUDLVHDQGZRUVKLS
/LWXUJ\ SRUWUD\V WKH SUHVHQFH RI *RG DQG JLYHV &KULVWLDQV WKH SRVVLELOLW\ WR MRLQ ZLWK WKH
KHDYHQO\OLWXUJ\,QSDUWLFXODUWKHWULVDJLRQZKLFKZHVLQJDWPDVVLVDEULGJHEHWZHHQHDUWKO\
DQGKHDYHQO\OLWXUJ\
-RKQWKHSURSKHWDQGVHHURQ3DWPRVWULHVWRDQVZHUWKHYHU\FKDOOHQJLQJWKHRORJLFDO
TXHVWLRQÄ:KHUHDQGKRZFDQ*RGEHH[SHULHQFHGLQWKHPLGVWRIWULEXODWLRQDQGRSSUHV-
VLRQ"´,WLVWKHFUXFLDO*RGTXHVWLRQZKLFKLQFOXGHVWKHWKHRGLFHHSUREOHPDVZHOO:LWK
KLVYLVLRQDU\H[SHULHQFHRIKDYLQJDFFHVVWRWKHDSSDUHQWO\KLGGHQ*RGKHJLYHVKRSHWR
KLVDGGUHVVHHVLQ$VLD0LQRU$FFRUGLQJWR-RKQZRUVKLSLVRQHSRVVLEOHZD\RIFRSLQJ


/HHThe New Jerusalem
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KDQG$QGKHZHUHDEOHWROLQNERWKUHDOLWLHVZLWKHDFKRWKHU

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mentica1HRWHVW–
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Testament Studies176±
-DXKLDLQHQ0DUNR³$SRFDO\SVLV,HVX&KULVWL5HY7KH&OLPD[RI-RKQ¶V3URSK-
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into its Origins and Rhetorical Force. :LVVHQVFKDIWOLFKH 8QWHUVXFKXQJHQ ]XP 1HXHQ
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und Herkunft der hymnischen Stücke in der Johannesoffenbarung.6WXGLHQ]XP1HXHQ
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.DUUHU 0DUWLQ Die Johannesoffenbarung als Brief. Studien zu ihrem literarischen,
historischen und theologischen Ort.)RUVFKXQJHQ]XU5HOLJLRQXQG/LWHUDWXUGHV$OWHQ
XQG1HXHQ7HVWDPHQWV)5/$17*|WWLQJHQ
.RZDOVNL%HDWHDie Rezeption des Propheten Ezechiel in der Offenbarung des Johannes.
6WXWWJDUWHUELEOLVFKH%HLWUlJH6%%6WXWWJDUW
.RZDOVNL %HDWH ³3URSKHWLH XQG GLH 2IIHQEDUXQJ GHV -RKDQQHV" 2IIE ± DOV
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phecy in Jewish and Early Christian Literature ±. :LVVHQVFKDIWOLFKH 8QWHUVX-
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.RZDOVNL%HDWH³7UDQVIRUPDWLRQRI(]HNLHOLQ-RKQ¶V5HYHODWLRQ´,QTransforming
Visions. Transformations of Text, Tradition, and Theology in Ezekiel HG E\ :LOOLDP
$7RRPDQ0LFKDHO$/\RQV±3ULQFHWRQ7KHRORJLFDO0RQRJUDSK6HULHV
3ULQFHWRQ
/HH 3LOFKDQ The New Jerusalem in the Book of Revelation. A Study of Revelation
21–22 in the Light of its Background in Jewish Tradition. :LVVHQVFKDIWOLFKH8QWHUVXFKXQ-
JHQ]XP1HXHQ7HVWDPHQW:817,,7ELQJHQ
0F(ZDQ+XPSKUH\(GLWKThe Ladies and the Cities. Transformation and Apocalyp-
tic Identity in Joseph and Aseneth, 4 Ezra, the Apocalypse and The Shepherd of Hermas.
-RXUQDOIRUWKHVWXG\RIWKHSVHXGHSLJUDSKD±6XSOHPHQWVHULHV-63(66KHI¿HOG
0RZU\/XFHWWD³5HYHODWLRQ±DQG(DUO\&KULVWLDQ/LWXUJLFDO8VDJH´Journal of
Biblical Literature-%/±
0R\LVH6WHYH³$XWKRULDO,QWHQWLRQDQGWKH%RRNRI5HYHODWLRQ´Andrews University
Seminary Studies $866±
0R\LVH6WHYH³6HHLQJWKH2OG7HVWDPHQW7KURXJKD/HQV´Irish Biblical Studies,%6
±
0R\LVH6WHYH ³7KH/DQJXDJHRIWKH2OG7HVWDPHQWLQWKH$SRFDO\SVH´Journal for
the Study of the New Testament-617±
0R\LVH6WHYHThe Old Testament in the Book of Revelation.-RXUQDOIRUWKH6WXG\RI
WKH1HZ7HVWDPHQW6XSSOHPHQW6HULHV-61766KHI¿HOG
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WLRQ´Biblical. Research %5±
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5LHPHU8OULNH³'RPLWLDQ±NHLQ&KULVWHQYHUIROJHU"´Zeitschrift für Religions- und

Geistes geschichte =5**±
5XL]-HDQ3LHUUHEzekiel in the Apocalypse. The Transformation of Prophetic Lan-
guage in Revelation 16,17–19,10(LQOHLWXQJLQGLH+HLOLJH6FKULIW(+67)UDQN-
IXUW
6lQJHU'LHWHUHGDas Ezechielbuch in der Johannesoffenbarung0LW%HLWUlJHQYRQ
0LFKDHO%DFKPDQQ%HDWH(JR7KRPDV+LHNH0DUWLQ.DUUHU%LEOLVFKWHRORJLVFKH6WX-
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WKH&RQWH[WRI(DUO\&KULVWLDQ3URSKHF\´,QL’Apocalypse johannique et L’Apocalypse
dans le Nouveau Testament HG E\ - /DPEUHFKW ±. %LEOLRWKHFD (SKHPHULGXP
WKHRORJLFDUXP/RYDQLHQVLXP%(7K//HXYHQ
6KHSKHUG0DVVH\+The Paschal Liturgy in the Apocalypse.(FXPHQLFDOVWXGLHVLQ
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9DQKR\H$OEHUW³/¶8WLOLVDWLRQGXOLYUHG¶e]pFKLHOGDQV/¶$SRFDO\SVH´Biblica. Roma
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9DQQL8JRLa Struttura letteraria dell’ apocalisse.$ORLVDQD$%UHVFLD2
9DQQL8JR³/LWXUJLFDO'LDORJXHDVD/LWHUDU\)RUPLQWKH%RRNRI5HYHODWLRQ´. New
testament studies. London176±
9RJHOJHVDQJ-HIIUH\0DUVKDOOThe Interpretation of Ezekiel in the Book of Revelation.
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:DWWV-DPHV:Psalm and Story. Inset Hymns in Hebrew Narrative.-RXUQDOIRUWKH
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:HL/RXEzekiel in Revelation. Literary and Hermeneutic AspectsS3K''LV-
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:LOVRQ-&KULVWLDQ³7KH3UREOHPRIWKH'RPLWLDQLF'DWHRI5HYHODWLRQ´New Testa-
ment studies. London176±
:RUWK5RODQG+The Seven Cities of the Apocalypse and Roman Culture1HZ<RUN

=RKDU 'DQDK ,DQ 0DUVKDOO Spiritual Intelligence The Ultimate Intelligence (GLQ-
EXUJK

Abstract

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Keywords:/LWXUJ\27DQG-HZLVKEDFNJURXQG4HGXVFKDZRUVKLSSURSKHWLFWKHRORJ\*RG
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