Lecture 10 Thermodynamics II Page 1

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GAS MIXTURES

COMPOSITION OF A GAS MIXTURE: MASS AND MOLE FRACTIONS

Mass fraction:

Mole fraction:
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Apparent (or average) molar mass of a mixture:

Gas constant of a mixture:

Mass and mole fractions of a mixture are related by:

P-⩗-T BEHAVIOR OF GAS MIXTURES: IDEAL AND REAL GASES

Dalton's law of additive pressures:

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Amagat's law of additive volumes

Dalton's and Amagat's laws hold exactly for ideal-gas mixtures, but only approximately for real-
gas mixtures.
(a) Ideal-Gas Mixtures
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(b) Real-Gas Mixtures

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Compressibility factor of a mixture:

Kay’s rule:
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EXAMPLE 1
A rigid tank contains 2 kmol of N2 and 6 kmol of CO2 gases at 300 K and 15 MPa. Estimate the
volume of the tank on the basis of (a) the ideal-gas equation of state, (b) Kay's rule, and (c)
compressibility factors and Amagat's law.
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PROPERTIES OF GAS MIXTURES: IDEAL GASES

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The specific heats of a gas mixture:

Changes in properties of a gas mixture during a process:

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EXAMPLE 2
A mixture of oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and helium (He) gases with mass fractions of
0.0625, 0.625, and 0.3125, respectively, enter an adiabatic turbine at 1000kPa and 600K
steadily and expand to 100kPa pressure. The isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 90%. For
gas components assuming constant specific heats at room temperature, determine the work
output per unit mass of mixture.
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