I.

Communication enhancement: nurse and patient satisfaction outcomes in a complex continuing care facility
-
Objective Subject variable/outco Methods/ Intervention Results Strength/weakness
me measures Design

Nurse and patient Twenty-one P : Nurses 1. Cards were completed during the day Strength:
satisfaction outcomes nursing staff and patient 1. Comfort Nursing staff empathy was shift and over 50% of the interactions A comprehensive
in a complex members in care communicating defined as identifying with took longer than 10 minutes. The theoretical
(Registered facility with patients was the wishes and particularities framework, in which
continuing care length of time for the patient–staff
Nurses, of patients, recognizing their a communication
facility. I:Communic measured with interactions ranged from 2 to 25
Registered needs and being sensitive to enhancement
Practical ation nurse the Nurses’ their response. Nursing staff minutes. Over 20% of the staff stated intervention devised
Nurses and C:- Interactional reliability was defined as that the interactions were a challenge. of an adapted SFBT
healthcare O : enhanced Comfort Survey, being dependable, protecting 2. Sixteen of a possible 21 staff approach and
aides) communicati a six-item Likert patients from the members were able to participate several
working in a on approach scale (Bowles et unpredictable and tolerating twice, as designed in the communication
complex would al. 2001). This patients’ rejection without techniques provided
observational assessment of their
continuing increase retaliating the main
measures nursing enhanced communication skills. At
care nursing staff components of the
environment staff perceptions Post-test 1, they scored, on average of intervention.
comfort
and 16 of their 21 on their skills, and at Post-test 2,
while
patients competence, staff used more barriers when - Weakness :
communicati
participated confidence, interacting with their patients.Effects -
ng with
patients willingness, of the communication enhancement - Some limitations are
frequency and intervention on nursing staff worth noting before
scope of practice any conclusions
outcomes.
about the
related to 3. No statistically significant changes communication
interacting with emerged in staff perceptions of how enhancement
patients. Total comfortable they felt communicating intervention can be
scores on the with their patients. Of interest, their drawn. The number
comfort survey baseline scores were already high. A of participants was
range from 16 to statistically significant time effect an insufficient basis
for extrapolating
58, with higher was found for nursing staff results. Furthermore,
scores indicating perceptions of close relationships the limited
 increased comfort with patients.The focus group data reliability and
with interacting indicated that one positive effect of validity of the Nurse
with patients. In the communication training Comfort Scale.
There were no
this study, the programme was that it encouraged
longterm outcomes
items were nursing staff to ask patients about in the study, and so
internally their feelings, hopes and desires. it is difficult to
consisten. Consequently, the staff became better assess the survival
2. The perception of acquainted with their patients. of learning gains
the closeness of the Nursing staff also found that their job beyond the end of
nurse patient satisfaction increased over the course the programme
relationship was of the intervention .
measured with the
Close Visual
Analogue Scale
(Close VAS), a 100-
mm visual analogue
scale.
 II. Nurse–patient communication: an exploration of patients’ experiences

Objective Subject variable/outcome Methods/ Intervention Results Strength/weakness

measures Design

The purpose of this eight P :Patients in a A qualitative 1. Attending behaviour  The participants in this study frequently Strength:
study was to explore patients general teaching perspective is described as the referred to how nurses did not provide
and produce hospital in the using an enough information and many The findings are
physical demon-
Republic of hermeneutic commented on how nurses were more useful in that
statements relating
Ireland phenomenologic stration of nurses’ concerned with tasks than with talking to they can be used
to patients’ I : asking the al, sing accessibility and to inform
them
experiences of how participant to purposeful readiness to listen to  This results in patients feeling that nurses undergraduate
nurses communicate tell me about sampling, eight are regularly monitoring their physical and postgraduate
patients through the nursing students
with them his/her patients in a condition and also their psychological
use of non-verbal about the
experiences of general teaching and emotional well being
communication. possible impact
how nurses hospital in the  When nurses were sympathetic, the of their
communicated Republic of 2. Although the participants in this study felt that their communication
with her/him Ireland were participants in this feelings were justified and made them behaviour on the
during their interviewed. study did not refer feel like the nurses understood their delivery of
time as an situation and cared about them as a quality nursing
directly to the term
inpatient person. It seemed important to the care.
C:- ‘empathy’ they
participants that nurses communicate
O : explore and referred frequently their recognition and understanding of the
produce to many of the patient’s situation. - Weakness:
statements behaviours that  Many of the participants in this study also A possible
relating to expressed an appreciation of ‘humour’ in limitation to
according to Morse.
patients’ nurse–patient interaction, In this study, this study is
experiences of 3. friendly nurses and
humour appeared to improve the partici- that the
how nurses humour pants’ self-esteem when they could make small
communicate others laugh and when they could laugh number of
with them. with the nurses participants
means that
the findings
cannot be
generalized
to a wider
context or
population
 III. Evaluation of communication training programs in nursing care: a review of the literature

Objective Subject variable/outcome Methods/ Intervention Results Strength/weakness

measures Design

Evaluation of the Nurses P : nurses only Strength:

effects of or nurses in
communication training combination
programs for nurses with other - Weakness
professionals.
I:evaluating
communication
training
C:-
O:
 Adherence to diabetes control recommendations: impact of nursetelephone calls
(Kim & Jeong, 2003)
-
Objective Subject variable/outcome Methods/ Intervention Results Strength/wea level of
measures Design kness evidence
and its
implication

To investigate the effect randomized IV: A randomized - A randomized design - Patients in the intervention Strength: Level,IC
of nurse telephone calls design with Impact on design with with control and group had a mean decrease of JBI 2014
on glycosylate control and nurse control and experimental groups 1Æ2% in HbA1clevels and Explain the
haemoglobin (HbA1c) experimental telephone calls experimental being assessed pre- and those in the control group had a intervention
levels and adherence to groups being groups postintervention was used mean increase of 0Æ6% in clearly
diabetes control assessed pre- DV: to assess the effectiveness HbA1c levels.The intervention
recommendations and Adherence to of nurse telephone calls. group had greater diet and blood- Weakness
postinterventio diabetes Twenty patients were glucose testing adherence than Participants
n was used to control randomly assigned to and thecontrol group. were
assess the recruited
intervention group and 16 - These findings indicate that a
effectiveness of from the
to a control group nurse telephone intervention can
nurse telephone endocrinolo
calls. Twenty improveHbA1c, and diet and
- The intervention was blood glucose testing and gy
patients were outpatient
randomly applied tothe intervention medication adherence.
group for 12 weeks, department
assigned to an
andconsisted of continued of a tertiary
intervention
group and 16 education and care
to a control reinforcement of diet, hospital in
group. exercise, medication an urban
adjustment city of
recommendations, as well South
as frequent self- Korea.
monitoring of blood
glucose levels. Telephon Using both
methods to
intervention was
collect
performence twice per
adherence
week for the first month scores
 and then weekly for the might have
second and thirdmonth. reduced the
Participants were internal
requested to write self- validity of
management logs the study
including bloodglucose
levels, diet and an
exercise diary.

- A dietitian analysed the

diet diaries and
participants were
informed about their
results by telephone or
mail. All medication
adjustments were
communicated to
participants doctors.
The HbA1c and
diabetes adherence were
measured before and
after the intervention.
 Adherence to diabetes control recommendations: impact of nursetelephone calls
(Kim & Jeong, 2003)
-
Objective Subject variable/outcome Methods/ Intervention Results Strength/wea level of
measures Design kness evidence
and its
implication

To investigate the effect randomized IV: A randomized - A randomized design - Patients in the intervention Strength: Level,IC
of nurse telephone calls design with Impact on design with with control and group had a mean decrease of JBI 2014
on glycosylate control and nurse control and experimental groups 1Æ2% in HbA1clevels and Explain the
haemoglobin (HbA1c) experimental telephone calls experimental being assessed pre- and those in the control group had a intervention
levels and adherence to groups being groups postintervention was used mean increase of 0Æ6% in clearly
diabetes control assessed pre- DV: to assess the effectiveness HbA1c levels.The intervention
recommendations and Adherence to of nurse telephone calls. group had greater diet and blood- Weakness
postinterventio diabetes Twenty patients were glucose testing adherence than Participants
n was used to control randomly assigned to and thecontrol group. were
assess the recruited
intervention group and 16 - These findings indicate that a
effectiveness of from the
to a control group nurse telephone intervention can
nurse telephone endocrinolo
calls. Twenty improveHbA1c, and diet and
- The intervention was blood glucose testing and gy
patients were outpatient
randomly applied tothe intervention medication adherence.
group for 12 weeks, department
assigned to an
andconsisted of continued of a tertiary
intervention
group and 16 education and care
to a control reinforcement of diet, hospital in
group. exercise, medication an urban
adjustment city of
recommendations, as well South
as frequent self- Korea.
monitoring of blood
glucose levels. Telephon Using both
methods to
intervention was
collect
performence twice per
adherence
week for the first month scores
 and then weekly for the might have
second and thirdmonth. reduced the
Participants were internal
requested to write self- validity of
management logs the study
including bloodglucose
levels, diet and an
exercise diary.

- A dietitian analysed the

diet diaries and
participants were
informed about their
results by telephone or
mail. All medication
adjustments were
communicated to
participants doctors.
The HbA1c and
diabetes adherence were
measured before and
after the intervention.