MATEMÁTICAS 4º ESO TIMONMATE

EJERCICIOS RESUELTOS DE POTENCIAS Y RADICALES

POTENCIAS Y RADICALES

Notas teóricas

- Operaciones con potencias:

am 1
I. a : a = n = a m −n
m n
VII. a−1 =
a a
1
II.
n
(am ) = am⋅n VIII. a− b =
ab
−1
ap ⋅ bp = (a ⋅ b)
p a 1 b
III. IX.   = =

 b a a
m b
IV. (a p ⋅ b q ) = a p⋅m ⋅ bq⋅m
−n n
   
X.  a  =
1  b 
n =
a0 = 1  b   a   a 
V.  
 b 
VI. a1 = a

- Operaciones con radicales:

1 m p
p
XI. a =a 2
XIV.
n m q
a ⋅ a = a ⋅a = n q

nq nq
m = amq +np = amq ⋅ a np
n m
XII. a =a n

1
 p 1  n p
XIII. 
a = (a )  = a
n m p m mn
 

- Racionalizar:

Racionalizar es quitar del denominador las raíces. Se pueden presentar

dos casos:

a) En el denominador hay sólo una raíz. en este caso, la raíz se elimina

multiplicando el numerador y el denominador el mismo número de
veces que el radical de la raíz.

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b) En el denominador hay una raíz y otro término que la suma o la resta.

En este caso, las raíz o raíces se eliminan multiplicando el numerador
y el denominador por el conjugado del denominador.

- La jerarquía que hay que seguir a la hora de operar con radicales :

Simplificar

Operar dentro del paréntesis

Cálculo de potencias y raíces

Multiplicaciones y divisiones de izquierda a derecha

Sumas y restas en el orden que aparecen

Ejercicios resueltos

Opera con las siguientes potencias y raíces

−2 3 1
1. 16−2 ⋅ 4 3 = ( 2 4 ) ⋅ ( 2 2 ) = 2−8 ⋅ 2 6 = 2−8+6 = 2−2 =
4
−3 1
2. (7 2 ) ⋅ 7 3 = 7 2⋅(−3) ⋅ 7 3 = 7 −6 ⋅ 7 3 = 7 −6+3 = 7 −3 =
73

1
3. (3−2 : 33 )⋅ 3−2 = 3−2−3 ⋅ 3−2 = 3−5 ⋅ 3−2 = 3−5+(−2 ) = 3−5−2 = 3−7 = 37

2 3 2
4 2 ⋅ 12 3 ⋅ 152 (2 ) ⋅ (2 ⋅ 3) ⋅ (3 ⋅ 5)
2 2
2 4 ⋅ 2 6 ⋅ 3 3 ⋅ 32 ⋅ 52 2 10 ⋅ 3 5 ⋅ 52
4. = 3 2 = = =
9 3 ⋅ 8 2 ⋅ 33 (3 2 ) ⋅ (2 3 ) ⋅ 33 36 ⋅ 2 6 ⋅ 33 2 6 ⋅ 39
= 2 4 ⋅ 3−4 ⋅ 52

4 3 2 −3
8 4 ⋅ 153 ⋅ 182 ⋅ 12−3 (2 ) ⋅ (3 ⋅ 5) ⋅ (2 ⋅ 3 ) ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ 3)
3 2 2

5. = 3 2 =
20 3 ⋅ 27 2 ⋅ 3−3 (2 2 ⋅ 5) ⋅(33 ) ⋅ 3−3

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2 12 ⋅ 3 3 ⋅ 5 3 ⋅ 2 2 ⋅ 3 4 ⋅ 2−6 ⋅ 3−3 2 8 ⋅ 3 4 ⋅ 53
= 6 3 6 −3
= 6 3 3
= 2 2 ⋅ 3 = 12
2 ⋅5 ⋅3 ⋅3 2 ⋅3 ⋅5
−1
 23 
27 ⋅ 81 ⋅ 3 ⋅   ⋅ 2 3
−1 4 −1 3
(3 3 ) ⋅ 3 4 ⋅ 3 4 ⋅ 2 3 ⋅ 2 3 36
 3 
6. −2 = 2
= 6 =1
 1  4 27 0 −2 2 2 2 2 33 3
36 ⋅   ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ (2 ) 3 ⋅2 ⋅3 ⋅ ⋅ 4 ⋅1
 3  3 16 3 2

3 5 −6 3 −5 5 −6
(−27 ) ⋅ 32−5 ⋅(−8) ⋅ (252 ) (33 ) ⋅ (2 5 ) ⋅ ( 2 3 ) ⋅ ( 54 )
7. 4 = =
4 3 4
(−72) ⋅(−50 3 ) (32 ⋅ 2 3 ) ⋅ (52 ⋅ 2) 
4

39 ⋅ 2−25 ⋅ 2 15 ⋅ 5−24 3
= 8 12 24 12
= 34 48
3 ⋅2 ⋅5 ⋅2 2 ⋅5

3 1 3 1 3⋅5 1⋅2 15 2 15+ 2 17

+ + +
8. 22 ⋅25 = 22 5
= 2 10 10
= 2 10 10
=2 10
= 2 10 = 10 2 17

5 3 5 3 5⋅4 3⋅3 20 9 20−9

− − −
9. 3
19 5 : 4 19 3 = 19 3 : 19 4 = 19 3 4
= 19 12 12
= 19 12 12
= 19 12
=
11
= 19 12
= 12 19 11

1
55 ⋅ 5 2 55 ⋅ 5
10. −3
= = 55−(−3) = 55+3 = 58
5⋅5 5 ⋅5− 3

1 1 1 1
− − 1
3 3
2 ⋅2 ⋅2
5 2
2 ⋅ 2 ⋅2
5 2 − 1 1
11. 25 = 1
=2 2
= 1
=
2
2 3—2 125
23— 2 5 2 2

1 1
− 1
22 ⋅ 2 3
⋅ 22 − 1 1
12. 1
=2 3
= 1
= 3
2
22 ⋅ 2 2
2 3

3
4
27 4 3
3 (33 ) 39 3 3
13. 3 = = 12 4
= 12
4 8
= 12 4 = 12
18 3
2⋅ 3 2
(2 ⋅ 3 )
2 2 ⋅3 2 16

−4 24 ⋅ 5 24 5 2 4 53 53
14. 4
−80 : 3 18 = =− = = 2⋅ 4 =
3
2 ⋅ 32 3
2 ⋅ 32 4 2 4 ⋅ 38
4
(2 ⋅ 32 )

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Potencias y radicales resueltos TIMONMATE

4
2 4 3 75
= 2
⋅ 5 =
2 ⋅3 9

3 3
 1   1   1 
3
1 1 1
15. 15 −  = − 15  = − 15 
 5  = − 5 =− 3 =−
 243   3 5  3 3 15
3 27

2
16. 3
2 ⋅ 3 16 = 6 2 ⋅ 3 16 = 6 2 ⋅ 16 2 = 6 2 ⋅ (2 4 ) = 6 2 9 = 6 2 6 ⋅ 2 3 = 2 ⋅ 6 2 3 = 2 ⋅ 2

2
17. 3
2 ⋅ 3 16 = 6 2 ⋅ 3 16 = 6 2 ⋅ 16 2 = 6 2 ⋅ (2 4 ) = 6 2 9 = 6 2 6 ⋅ 2 3 = 2 ⋅ 6 2 3 = 2 ⋅ 2

4
18. 3 4
64 4 = 3 4
(2 6 ) = 2⋅3⋅4 2 24 = 24 2 24 = 2

3 2 32 ⋅ 2 1 32 ⋅ 2 1 4 32 ⋅ 2 1 4 9
19. = 2
= = =
8 2⋅2 2 22 2 22 2 2

2 6

20.
( 3 ) ⋅( 3 )
4 2 3

=
4
3 4 ⋅ 3 36
=
3 ⋅ 32
=3
6
32
( 3) 12 4 12
3 24

4 2 3 5
( 3 ) ⋅( 3 )
5 3 5
34 ⋅ 3 32
15
( 3 4 ) ⋅ (3 2 ) 15
312 ⋅ 310 15 22
3 3 22
21. 3
= = = = = 15 =
32 32 32 330
( ) 34 312

1
= 15
38

1
4
 4 1  14
2
(3 ) 4  ⋅ (325 )5 
( 3)⋅ 4 4 5 1 11 5
4
325     3
4⋅ ⋅4
4
⋅3
25⋅ ⋅
54
34 ⋅ 3 4
22. 15
= = = = 35
9 5 3  ⋅3  1 15 
11
⋅ ⋅15 5
   1 9  3 59
⋅3 3 ⋅3
4
  3 5  ⋅3
  
 

2 2
( 2 ) ⋅2
9 3 6 2 5
+1
(2 ) ⋅ 2 2 3 9
9
⋅2 2 3
2 3 5 1
−
10−3 7
23. = = 1 1
= 1
= 1
=2 3 2
=2 6
= 2 = 6 27 = 2 6 2
6
4
( 2)
4 

1 4 2
  2 2
2 2
2 2

 2
4  
  

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1
4
 2 1   1 4
(5 ) 4  ⋅ (520 )5 
4

24.
( 5)⋅
4 2 4 5
520
=
   
=
52 ⋅ 5
=1
15 15
 3 5 5  ⋅ 25  1 1 5 ⋅ 52
   5 3 
  5   ⋅ 52
  
 

2
3  −2  a 3  b 3
a 3 −2 b 3 a b3  2a    ⋅
2a 3 2a−2   3
  b   a
b a  b a  
25. = = =
2 ab2 4ab 2 4ab 2
2
 −2  a 3  b3
12  2a    ⋅ 4a
  b   a 12
  3 1 12 4a 1 12 4
= = b = 6 3
=
4ab 2
2b a 2b a b 2b a 5 b 3

1 1 2
26. 8 − 50 − 98 = 2 2 ⋅ 2 − 2 ⋅ 52 − 7 ⋅ 2 = 2 2 − 5 2 − 7 2 = −10 2
2 2

1 3 1 3 2 1 3⋅ 5
27. 3 − 12 − 75 = 3 − 22 ⋅ 3 − 5 ⋅3 = 3 −2 3 − 3=
2 4 2 4 2 4
1 15 21
= 3 −2 3 − 3 =− 3
2 4 4

21 21 2
xy 6
(xy) xy (xy) 1 (xy) 3
28. 9xy + + 3 3 = 3 xy − −6 6
= 3 xy − − 6 (xy) =
4xy xy 2 xy (x 3 y 3 ) 2 xy
1 3
= 3 xy − xy − xy = xy
2 2

1 4 81y 2 3
29. 256x 2 y + −4
− x 225 y = x ⋅ 2 8 y + x ⋅ 4 y 2 − x ⋅ 32 ⋅ 52 y =
3 x 3
= 16x ⋅ y + x ⋅ y − 15x ⋅ y = 2x ⋅ y

Racionaliza
3 3
1 1 5 5 3 25 3 25
30. = = =
2⋅ 3 5 2⋅ 3 5 3
5 3
5 2⋅5 10

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Potencias y radicales resueltos TIMONMATE

4
 4 1 
4 (x )5 
(x)
4 5 4 16
1 1  5 x 4    x5 5 16
x 5 15
x ⋅ x x3 ⋅ 5 x 5 x
31. =   = = = 4 = 4 = = =
x 4 5 x 4  5 x 4 
5
x4 x4 x4
5
(x)
5 4 x x x

5 1 1
3
x
=
3

5
x  6 x 5 
3
( )
x 6 x5 x 3 (x 5 )6
×5 1 25
x3 ⋅ x 6
2+25
x 6 x6
27
6 27
x 6 3
x
32.
6 5 
 = 6
= = = = = =

x  6 x 5  x5 x 5
x 5
x 5
x 5
x
( )
6 5
x 6 5
x

2 2 ⋅ ( 3 − 1) 2 ⋅ ( 3 − 1) 2 ⋅ ( 3 − 1) 2 ⋅ ( 3 − 1)
33. = = 2
= =
3 + 1 ( 3 + 1)⋅ ( 3 − 1) ( 3 ) − 12 3−1 2

2+ 3
34. =
2− 3
2 2
2+ 3 2+ 3 ( 2 + 3) = ( 2 + 3) = − 2 + 3 2
⋅ = 2
2 − 3 2 + 3 ( 2 ) −( 3 )
2
2−3
( )

2 2
2 3 + 2 (2 3 + 2 )⋅ (2 3 + 2 ) (2 3 ) + 2 ⋅ 2 3 + ( 2 ) 4⋅ 3 + 4 3 + 2
35. = = 2 2
= =
2 3 − 2 (2 3 − 2 )⋅ (2 3 + 2 ) ( ) ( )
2 3 − 2 4 ⋅ 3 − 2

7+2 6
=
5

***

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