FRACTURE

A fracture is a break in the structural continuity of bone.

CAUSES

1. Sudden trauma

direct(fracture of the ulna caused by blow on the arm)

indirect(spiral fractures of the tibia and fibula due to torsion of the leg,
vertebral compression fractures, avulsion fractures)

2. Stress or fatigue-repetitive stress(athletes, dancers, army recruits)

3. Pathological(osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, bone tumour)

VARIETIES

SIMPLE OR COMPOUND
COMPLETE INCOMPLETE
CLOSED OR OPEN

bone fragments bone is bone is

no opening in have broken completely incompletely
divided and the
the skin. through the broken into 2 or periosteum remains
skin. more fragments in continuity.

COMPLETE INCOMPLETE

transverse fracture greenstick fracture

oblique fracture torus fracture

spiral fracture stress fracture

impacted fracture compression fracture

comminuted fracture

segmental fracture
 COMPLETE FRACTURES

OBLIQUE FRACTURE SEGMENTAL FRACTURE

 COMPLICATIONS

CHILDHOOD FRACTURES

A child bone fracture is a medical condition in which a bone of a child (a person

younger than the age of 18) is cracked or broken.About 15% of all injuries in children
are fracture injuries.Bone fractures in children are different than adult bone fractures
because a child’s bones are still growing. Also, more consideration needs to be taken
when a child fractures a bone since it will affect the child in his or her growth.

The child may get all the adult fractures. The most commom is Salter–Harris
fracture. A Salter–Harris fracture is a fracture that involves the epiphyseal
plate or growth plate of a bone. It is a common injury found in children, occurring in
15% of childhood long bone fractures.
 REDUCTION PROCEDURES (NON OPERATIVE)

1. TRACTION :
 POP (PLASTER OF PARIS)

An orthopedic cast, body cast, plaster cast, or surgical cast, is a shell,

frequently made from plaster, encasing a limb (or, in some cases, large
portions of the body) to hold a broken bone (or bones) in place
until healing is confirmed. It is similar in function to a splint.
Plaster bandages consist of a cotton bandage that has been combined
with plaster of paris, which hardens after it has been made wet. Plaster of
Paris is calcined gypsum (roasted gypsum), ground to a fine powder by
milling. When water is added, the more soluble form of calcium
sulfatereturns to the relatively insoluble form, and heat is produced.

2 (CaSO4·½ H2O) + 3 H2O → 2 (CaSO4.2H2O) + Heat

The setting of unmodified plaster starts about 10 minutes after

mixing and is complete in about 45 minutes; however, the cast is not
fully dry for 72 hours.
 FRACTURES
CONTENT
DONE BY

1. VARIETIES
1. G.ARUNKUMAR
2. COMPLICATIONS
2. B.R.DINESH
3. INDICATIONS
3. N.GOVINDARAJ
4. CHILD FRECTURES
4. R.MURUGAVEL
5. REDUCTION
5. S.SIVANANDHA
PROCEDURES(SPLINTS) 6. R.SURESH
6. POP TECHNIQUES 7. R.A.THANIGAINATHAN