ROBOT ANALOGO VERSION 2

Brief introduction of working principle:

LM393 to compare two photosensitive resistance, when the imbalance (e.g.

side pressure runway black) immediately control side of the motor stops
rotating, the other side of the motor rotational acceleration, so that the car
modification direction, return to the correct direction, the whole process is a
closed loop control therefore, rapid and sensitive control.

With the purpose of simplifying the complex principle, we first make a by

digital circuit to control the intelligent tracking car, in the assembly process,
we could not only familiar with the mechanical principle can gradually learn
to: photoelectric sensor, a voltage comparator, a motor drive circuit, and other
related electronic knowledge.

Photosensitive resistance device

This is photosensitive resistance, it can detecting the external light intensity,

the stronger the outside light photosensitive resistor resistance is small, the
outside light weaker resistance bigger when the red LED light projected onto a
white and black runway because reflection rate is different, the resistance
value of the photosensitive resistance will occur obvious difference for
subsequent circuit control.

LM393 comparator integrated circuit

LM393 is a dual voltage comparator integrated circuit, which consists of two
independent precision voltage comparator. Its role is to compare the two input
voltage, based on the level of two input voltage to change the level of output
voltage. The output has two states: close to open or close to the low level,
LM393 using open collector output, so it is necessary to add the pull resistance
to output high level.

DC motor with gear reduction gear

DC motor drive the car must be to slow down, otherwise too high speed of the
car, then ran too fast don't control, and the deceleration torque is too small
and could not run up. We specialize in custom of this kind of motor has been
integrated with the reduction gear and greatly reduce the manufacture
difficulty is very suitable for our use.

LM393 to compare two photosensitive resistance, when the imbalance (e.g.

side pressure runway black) immediately control side of the motor stops
rotating, the other side of the motor rotational acceleration, so that the car
modification direction, return to the correct direction, the whole process is a
closed loop control therefore, rapid and sensitive control.

Assembly steps:

The first step: the circuit part of the basic welding

The welding circuit part is relatively simple, the welding sequence according to
the element height from low to high, the first 8 resistance welding, welding
must use a multimeter to confirm whether the correct welding resistance,
polar components such as transistors, green lights, be sure to clear electrolytic
capacitor polarity as the reference element we picture welding, welding
capacitor short is the negative side of the insertion pin PCB screen printing
shadow, green welding LED note long pin is positive, and the welding time is
not too long or easy to bad welding, D4 D5 R13 R14 can temporarily not
welding, the integrated circuit chip can be inserted, preliminary after
completion of welding please check carefully to prevent, be negligent.

Second step: mechanical assembly

The universal wheel screw is inserted into the PCB hole, and screwed into the
universal wheel nut and a universal wheel. The battery box is pasted on the
PCB through the double-sided adhesive, the lead wire passes through the PCB
reserved Kong Han received PCB, the red line is connected with the 3V positive
power supply, and the yellow line is connected with the ground.

Mechanical part and assembly can be assembled first wheels, wheel is

composed of three pieces of black acrylic round tablets, assembly prior to
protective film to expose, the inside of the wheel center hole grows circular
hole, in the middle of the round plate diameter is relatively small, lateral wheel
piece center hole Shiyuan, with two screw nuts fixed set good three round
tablets, and black self tapping screws fixed on the rotating shaft of the motor.
Finally, the silicone rubber tire sleeve on the wheel. Lead connection lead wire
of the motor and the wheel assembly is the use of the adhesive on the PCB
making position, pay attention to wheels and the PCB edge preserving
sufficient clearance, the motor leads are soldered to the PCB. Note that
appropriately to stay longer lead, to prevent the motor direction of rotation
error is convenient for changing the lead wire of the order.

The third step: the installation of optoelectronic circuits

Photosensitive resistance and light emitting diode (attention polarity) is the
reverse installed on the PCB, and the ground distance of about 5 mm, the
distance between the photosensitive resistance and light emitting diode is also
about 5 mm. Finally can pass electric test.

The fourth step: Vehicle debugging

In the battery box into 2 AA batteries, switches to dial in the "on" position, the
car right driving reverse is traveling along the direction of the universal wheel,
if hold down the left side of the photosensitive resistance, the car on the right
side of the wheel rotation, press and hold the right of photosensitive
resistance, the left side of the car wheel should turn, if car back traveling can
exchange connection of two motors simultaneously. If one of the normal back
on the other side, as long as the exchange of the back side of the motor wiring
can be.

Matters needing attention:

Assembly instructions is the back of the car tracking the airstrip, customers can
also direct use of 1.5 ~ 2.0 cm black electrical tape pasted directly designed to
track complex on the ground would be more fun.