Read the four texts below, and chose the word which best fits each gap from

the list below each

exercise.

Exercise One

Pitcairn Island

The Pitcairn Islands are in the South Pacific Ocean, about halfway Peru
and New Zealand. The larger island of Pitcairn was in 1767 by the British and
settled in 1790 by the mutineers from the English ship 'Bounty' and their Tahitian companions.
Pitcairn was the Pacific island to become a British colony (in 1838) and
today the last vestige of the British empire in the South Pacific. The population
of about 50 are the of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian wives. English
is the official language, but many islanders communicate in Pitcairnese (a pidgin language
comprising of elements of 18th century English and a Tahitian dialect).

The of this tiny island exist on fishing, subsistence farming, handicrafts, and
postage stamps. The fertile soil of the valleys produces a wide of fruits and
vegetables, including citrus, sugarcane, watermelons, bananas, yams, and beans.

Bartering is an part of the economy. The major sources of revenue are the
sale of postage stamps to collectors and the sale of handicrafts to passing . It has
no port or harbour; and supplies must be transported by rowed longboat from
larger ships stationed .

1 a) located b) sited c) stationed d) settled

2 a) middle b) between c) centre d) close

3 a) uncovered b) discovered c) created d) invented

4 a) opening b) premiere c) beginning d) first

5 a) remains b) remnant c) spare d) residue

6 a) ancestors b) descendants c) heir d) successor

7 a) dwellers b) tenants c) inhabitants d) public

8 a) different b) variety c) types d) diversity

9 a) crucial b) important c) major d) vital

10 a) cars b) planes c) motor-boats d) ships

11 a) natural b) pure c) native d) creation

12 a) offshore b) inshore c) shore d) coast

Exercise Two

TRINITY COLLEGE

Trinity College was 1) ___________ by Sir Thomas Pope in 1555. A devout catholic with no
surviving children, Thomas Pope saw the Foundation of an Oxford college as a means of 2)
___________that he and his family would always be remembered in the prayers and masses of
its members. He came from a family of small 3) _____________ in Oxfordshire, trained as a
lawyer, and rose rapidly to prominence 4) ____________ Henry VIII. As Treasurer of the Court
of Augmentations he handled the estates of the monasteries 5) _______________ at
the Reformation, and amassed a considerable personal 6) _____________. Pope was a discreet
and trusted privy counsellor of Mary Tudor, and it was from Mary and Philip that he 7) ______
Letters Patent and royal approval for his new foundation. Pope died in 1559. Although his
religious 8) ______ were never fully realised - Elizabeth I had succeeded her sister and England
9) __________ to the Protestant faith - nonetheless the memory of his name, like his college,
has endured the fluctuating fortunes of over 400 years. His wife, Lady Elizabeth Pope, was a
particularly influential 10) ___________ in Trinity's early years. Pope's foundation was for a
President, twelve Fellows and twelve scholars, all supported by the income from his 11)
______________ endowment of lands, and for up to twenty undergraduates. The Fellows, all
men, were required to take Holy Orders and remain unmarried. The College Statutes set out rules
for a simple monastic life of religious observance and study. The Garden was an informal grove
of trees, mainly elms, amongst which the members of the College could 12) ______________
and meditate.

1 a) founded b) set c) begin d)starting

2 a) securing b) ensuring c) clinching d) verifying

3 a) owners b) landowners c) freeholders d) mistresses

4 a) with b) on c) under d) because

5 a) dissolved b) disintegrated c) crumbled d) withered

6 a) fortune b) wealth b) rich d) money

7 a) inherited b) conferred b) received d) excepted

8 a) ideals b) examples c) belief d) value

9 a) rejoined b) repeated c) returned d) reinstated

10 a) outline b) symbol c) shape d) figure

11 a) generous b) generosity c) bounty d) teeming

12 a) prowl b) walk c) promenade d) yomp

Exercise Three

Mulligatawny Soup

This is a recipe that would have been 1) ___________ to all Britons living and working in the
Imperial Raj. Indeed the 2) ___________ of Indian cooks, British tastes and exotic foods have
made a lasting 3) ________ on British cuisine right down to the present day. New, strange and
exciting ingredients would be used to 4) ___________ and recreate familiar, edible and
nutritious meals befitting the 5) __________ class that they had become. Lack of refrigeration, a
hot and humid climate and unfamiliar cooking facilities would all 6) _____ to make cooking an
even more 7) ___________ prospect than it already would have been. However, the results of
these intrepid culinary explorers could often be an interesting 8) ___________ of East meets
West.

Two and half pints of stock

7 oz coconut cream, cut into chunks

1 heaped teaspoon each ground cumin and coriander

1 teaspoon chilli powder (flat or heaped)

1 small tin tomato puree

Flavouring Ingredients

1-2 onions, chopped and fried in butter until brown

2 tablespoons chutney juice

a few cardamom seeds, lightly crushed

salt and freshly ground pepper

Simmer all the basic soup ingredients 9) __________ for 15 minutes, then add all of any of the
flavouring ingredients to make the soup exactly as you like it. 10) _______________ hot with
bread.

1 a) familiar b) recognized c) renowned d) noted

2 a) merger b) unite c) combination d) coalition

3 a) impression b) perception c) verdict d) opinion

4 a) attempt b) try c) seek d) trial

5 a) general b) widespread c) ruling d) dominate

6 a) colluded b) accessory c) conspire d) plan

7 a) exhausted b) mysterious c) enigmatic d) difficult

8 a) add b) combine c) addition d) mix

9 a) together b) cooperation b) unison d) concurrent

10 a) serve b) give c) accept d) spoon

Exercise Four

English in Europe

English has without a 1) ______________ become the second language of Europe and the world.
European countries which have most 2) ______________ assimilated English into daily life are
England's neighbours in Northern Europe: Ireland, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, and the
3)____________ of Scandanavia.

The situation is so 4) ______________ that any visitor to the Netherlands will soon be 5) ______
of the pressure of English on daily life: television, radio and print 6) __________ it into every
home and the schoolyard 7) _____________ of children; advertisers use it to 8) __________ up
their message, journalists take refuge in it when their home-bred skills 9) ___________ them.
Increasingly one hears the 10) ______________ that Dutch will give way to English as the
national tongue within two or three generations ...

1 a) question b) doubt c) problem d) thought

2 a) successfully b) victorious c) successful d) lucrative

3 a) rest b) additional c) remaining d) extra

4 a) plain b) open c) blatant d) marked

5 a) ignorant b) aware c) oblivious d) acquainted

6 a) guide b) bring c) shift d) haul

7 a) conversation b) head-to-head c) consultation d) dialogue

8 a) life b) energy c) enthusiasm d) pep

9 a) succeed b) fall c) fail d) fizzle

10 a) feeling b) posture c) judgement d) view

EXERCISES

Choose the correct conditional form to complete the sentences below. Once you have decided on
your answer, click on the arrow to check your answer.

1. If I (stay) in Barlinek, I would have found a new girlfriend.

2. He would do more to help the poor if he (be) the Pope.
3. If he goes to London on a business trip, he often (visit) Soho.
4. We won't go to the film unless they (arrive) in the next 5 minutes.
5. She (buy) a new car if she had had the money.
6. If Yoko were me, she (go) to Manchester immediately.
7. They will talk to Jacek if he (come).
8. Bożena comes to work 30 minutes late if her child (miss) the bus to school.
9. If Peter (think) twice, he wouldn't have made such a stupid mistake.
10. Kasia (become) a university lecturer if she studies hard.
11. If they (know) all the facts, they would have found the defendant guilty.
12. Unless you (hurry up), we will never arrive on time.
13. If I were in charge, I (change) the standard business routines.
14. He takes his daughter out to dinner, if she (come) to town.
15. If I hadn't known better, I (trust) him.
Reported Speech

Click the answer button to see the correct answer.

1. Agnes "I love aikido."

Michael: "Agnes said (that) she ___ aikido."

a. loved

b. loves

c. loving

2. Magda: "I went skiing."

John: "Magda said (that) she ___ skiing."

a. went

b. had gone

c. have gone

3. Simon: "I will eat pierogi for dinner."

Kate: "Simon said (that) he ___ eat pierogi for dinner."

a. willing

b. will

c. would

4. Maria: "I have been to Gdansk."

Donata: "Maria said (that) she ___ to Gdansk."

a. had been

b. has been

c. was being

5. Peter: "I have had three cars."

Simon: "Peter said (that) she ___ three cars.

a. has

b. has had

c. had had
 6. Victoria: "I'm going to go to Poznan."

John: "Victoria said (that) she ___ going to go to Poznan."

a. is

b. was

c. went

7. Anna: "I don't like coffee."

Eric: "Anna said (that) she ___ like coffee."

a. doesn't

b. don't

c. didn't

8. Roman: "I have never been to London."

Alicja: "Roman said (that) he ___ never been to London."

a. had

b. has

c. have

9. Joanna: "I was swimming."

Simon: "Joanna said (that) she ___ swimming.

a. has been

b. had been

c. have been

10. Hania: "I had a cat."

Ela: Hania said (that) she had ___ a cat."

a. have

b. has

c. had
 11. Simon: "I can't swim."

Donata: "Simon said (that) she ___ swim."

a. can't

b. couldn't

c. can not

12. Jacek: "I won't buy a new car."

Kasia: "Jacek said (that) she ___ by a new car."

a. won't

b. will

c. wouldn't
THE PASSIVE

A - Rewrite these sentences beginning with the words in bold type.

Thieves robbed a woman.

A woman was robbed.

1. They offered Magda a promotion.

2. They are testing the new system.

3. Someone reported that the riot was under control.

4. They may ban the film.

5. We haven't used the car for ages.

6. Employers must pay all travel expenses for this training course.

7. All visitors must wear identity badges.

8. The news about the exam results distressed Sidney.

9. Nobody informed the college that there had been a mistake.

10. The company has cut all salaries.

B - Write a second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use the words in
brackets.

1. Magda lost her way. (got)

2. They say tea is good for you. (be)

3. Elton John sang the song. (by)

4. They pay firefighters a lot of money. (are)

5. A plumber is repairing Shirley's shower. (having)