General description of tNavigator

Training Tutorials 2014

Rock Flow Dynamics

 Reservoir simulation tasks 2

History Matching Expert model Evaluation

Build
Assisted History Monitoring
model
Matching Forecast

2
 tNavigator main window 3

1. Run tNavigator
2. File. Open – open E100 models
3. File, Open as - switch E300, IMEX, STARS, MORE
4. Main window contains the following options

Parallel: choose core number

for parallel calculations

Language: Settings,
Language, English

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 Open model 4

tNavigator reads the following data formats IMEX, STARS, MORE , E100, E300
Default – E100
To open IMEX, STARS , MORE , E300 models press File. Open As

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 tNavigator documentation 5

User Manual. Physical model description, mathematic

tNavUserManualEnglish.pdf
model, formulas, keywords.

tNavUserGuideEnglish.pdf User Guide. Description of tNavigator graphical interface

Arithmetic manual (User Arithmetic – unique tNavigator

tNavArithmeticManualEnglish.
module. One can add and edit user maps, user cuts, user
pdf
graphs and model data file).

release_notes_eng.pdf New features in tNavigator Gui and kernel in new releases.

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 Open model 6

1. File. Open
2. SingleReservoirWells/ m90.data

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 3D visualization 7

tNavigator can: Visualize the model before and during calculations (Maps, 2D and 3D
maps); Stop calculations, edit the model and run calculations again.

Time slider
Options
Visualization panel

Press on the block to see the value

of map parameter in this block

Report panel

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Maps 8

2D map

3D map

Histogram

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 Maps List 9

Initial maps – depth, porosity, block size along X, Y, Z axis,

permeability along X, Y, Z axis, transmissibility multipliers, etc.

Calculated maps – pressure, saturation of oil, water, gas, ternary

saturation diagram, reciprocal of formation volume factor for water,
oil, gas, reciprocal of viscosity for water, oil, gas, etc.

Resources – Oil in place, Mobile Oil in Place, Mass Mobile Oil in

Place, Gas in Place, etc.

Regions – Pvtnum (PVT regions), Satnum (saturation regions),

FIPnum (Fluid-in-Place regions), Eqlnum (equilibration regions), etc.

User Cuts and User Maps – maps and cuts that can be created via
User Arithmetics.

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 3D visualization
To rotate map – hold left mouse button and move the mouse
To move map – hold right mouse button and move the mouse
To scale map – roll mouse wheel
Default view – press left + right mouse click
Different models views – Button Views and presentation params

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 Block statistics 11

Right mouse click on block on 2D or 3D map, choose Block statistics (size, porosity, permeability,
regions to which block corresponds etc.)
Press top left angle of table to select it Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V (to copy and export to Excel)

Change the block –

Select X, Y, Z
coordinates here

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 Palette 12

1. The parameter values ​of properties on the map correspond to the colors on palette
2. Vertical color palette is marked by horizontal lines and numbers
3. In the figure the default palette (red, blue, green, yellow, red)
4. The color changes evenly between the two colors
5. To change Palette properties - right mouse click on the palette

Vertical palette

Green color – value 0.4922

of oil saturation

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 Discrete palette 13

1. Right mouse click on palette. Set Discrete Palette

2. Discrete and Continuous palette
• Discrete palette: color on the map corresponds to the parameter values from minimum
(specified in the palette on the horizontal line at the bottom of the color) to a maximum (in
the palette on the horizontal line at the top of this color)
• Continuous palette: each parameter value corresponds to the color tone
3. Back to continuous palette - right mouse click on palette and Set Continuous Palette

Discrete palette Continuous palette

Discrete palette: green color corresponds to the parameter

value from 93,923 до 140,13

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 Logarithmical palette 14

1. Calculated Maps. Rel. Perm of Water

2. Right mouse click on the palette. Logarithmical palette
3. Logarithmical and default palette
• Logarithmical palette: Logarithmical distribution of colors (different color tones for small
parameter values)
• Default palette: linear distribution of colors

In any palette, you can add a new color or remove the color (right mouse click on the color)

Logarithmical palette Default palette

Green color – parameter value 0.0005 Green color – parameter value 0.1501

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 Distance between blocks 15

1. 3D maps. Press Distance between two specified blocks

2. Left mouse click to note blocks, separated by a distance to be measured

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 Map statistics 16

1. Maps. Reserves. Mobile Oil in Place (Mass)

2. Map statistics
3. Map statistics: Entries (active blocks), Sum, Mean (average), RMS (Root Mean Square),
Minimum, Maximum value of parameter for this map

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 Cut to select reservoir top layers 17

1. User cuts. Cut

2. In Map arithmetic command line «K<6» (5 top layers in Z direction will be selected). Apply.
3. Red color – cut is true for these blocks, blue – cut is false

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 Map statistics with Cut 18

1. Return to Maps. Reserves. Mobile Oil in Place (Mass)

2. Tick Use Cut. Cut.
3. 5 top layers of the reservoir are visualized
4. Map statisctics is now for blocks to which Cut is true

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 One model in several windows 19

Press Create new window to open several windows with your model:
• In different windows you can analyze: 2D and 3D maps, graphs, histograms
• You can open new windows before or during calculations

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 2D maps 20

Dropdown menu for 2D maps:

Layer, Sum, Min, Max, Avg, Rms, Concentration, Density, Profile, Roof, Bottom, Cross-section

Layer: layer number in Z-

axis direction (IJ), X-axis Sum: of all vertical layers
(JK), Y-axis (IK)

Avg (average): of all Rms (variance): variation of

vertical layers all vertical layers
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 2D map Density 21

Mobile Oil in Place Density

 dz(i, j, k )
density (map, i, j )  ( map(i, j , k )) * k

k V (i, j, k ) b
map(i, j, k ) -- Value of map in the block (i, j, k); k

 -- Sum of the vertical column for (i, j). If Cut is enable then the sum will include
k blocks for which this cut is true;
dz (i, j, k ) -- Value DZ (block size along Z) of the block (i, j, k);

Vb (i, j , k ) -- Volume of the block (i, j, k) at current pressure.

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 2D map Concentration 22

Mobile Oil in Place Concentration

 map(i, j, k )
concentrat ion (map, i, j )  k

V (i, j, k ) * ntg (i, j, k )

k
b

Vb (i, j , k ) -- Volume of the block (i, j, k) at current pressure;

ntg -- Is specified via the corresponding keyword NTG (net to gross value);

Vb * ntg -- Collector volume.

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 3D slicing 23

1. Uncheck all
2. Tick layers you want to visualize
3. Choose Union or Intersection of layers

3D slicing

Tick layers
Sliders to add group of layers

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 Histogram 24

1. Maps. Initial Maps. Porosity. Histogram

2. The height of the column - the number of blocks with the values ​of porosity (or other parameter)
in this range

 Values ​(the height of the column corresponds to the

number of blocks with the values ​of porosity in the
range)
 Percent (the height of the column corresponds to the
number of blocks per cent with the values ​of porosity in
the range)
• Total number of active blocks (Entries);
• Sum of porosity values for all blocks (Sum);
• Mean (average value of porosity for blocks) (Mean);
• RMS (porosity variance) (RMS – root mean square).

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 2D Histogram 25

1. Two-dimensional histogram visualizes the relationship between the two parameters

2. We set the parameters that will be displayed along the axes X and Y (poro - porosity,
permx - permeability in X direction)
3. 2D histogram - visualization of their dependence
The dependence of the porosity (Poro) on the permeability of the cells in the direction of the axis X (PermX)

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 Run and stop calculations 26

1. Run calculations and Stop

2. Run calculations to the specified time step (Goto Step). Calculations will stop at this
step
3. When you reopen the model calculation can be run from any previously calculated step
4. Playback results – Auto playback of calculated steps (step by step changes on the
maps, graphs, tables)

Run calculations

Playback results Time slider

Stop

Run calculations to step,

Enter step number
Calculated steps are underlined with a red line

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 Calculations. Easy restarts 27

1. Interactivity in the calculation. You can stop the calculation, without waiting till the end, if,
for example, there is big difference between history and calculation data.
2. Restart calculation – move time the slider to the time step, which requires a recalculation,
and run the calculation again
Stop calculations Time slider

Red vertical line – current

calculation step

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 Create profile (vertical section) 28

1. Create profile
2. Use mouse clicks to make profile line (the line of profile goes through block centers !
To make the straight line use Cross-section button (further in this course))
3. Apply. Ok

Create profile

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 Profile. Bubble Maps 29

1. 2D Map. Profile
2. Tick Bubble Maps. Accumulated Bubble Maps
3. Near the circle there are values of accumulated oil, water, water injection
4. Size of bubble maps is changed via slider

Bubble Maps size slider

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 Profile. Bubble Maps 30

1. 2D Map. Profile
2. Tick Bubble Maps. State Bubble Maps
3. Near the circle there are values of current oil rate, water rate, water injection rate
4. Size of bubble maps is changed via slider

Bubble Maps size slider

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 User Bubble Maps 31

1. 2D maps. Sum
2. Tick Bubble Maps. Custom
3. Bubble Map1: Liquid Total, Oil total
4. Type - Calculated
5. Types: Calculated, Historical, Historical+ Calculated, Residual, Relative Residual

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 Grid properties along the profile 32

1. Graphs. Profile Info

2. Profiles. Profile 1
3. The option of processing along the profile: Avg
4. Properties: Pressure and Saturation of Oil (on the picture)
The horizontal block numbers are in the
order they are along the profile. Vertical: to
the selected parameters there is the average
value for blocks values (along the axis Z), the
sum value of the blocks values (along the
axis Z) or the value of the layer (layer number
is selected from the drop down menu).

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 Cross-section (horizontal) 33

1. Cross-section. Horizontal Cross-Section

2. Hold left mouse button (and move yellow sphere) to move the horizontal section plane
3. Or enter section depth in meters
4. Apply. Ok – Cross-section 1 is made

Cross section

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 Cross-section (horizontal) on 2D map 34

1. 2D map. Cross section

2. See the Cross-Section 1 on 2D map

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 Cross-section (vertical section – straight line) 35

1. Cross-section. Vertical Cross-Section

2. Add Cross-Section in the dropdown menu
3. Make 2 mouse clicks on the map – the plane will be created
4. Hold right mouse button (and move yellow sphere) to move the section plane
5. Or enter section block coordinates in meters
6. Apply. Ok – Cross-section 2 is made
7. 2D map. Cross section 2
8. One can also make Fence (through point selection, one well or several wells)

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 Switch from well on map to well graphs 36

Double click on block with well connection – switch to well graphs (Rates)

Oil rate (red) and

water rate (blue)

Double click
on well

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 Well graphs Synchronization 37

Auto Sync – synchronization of well graphs in different windows

If well is selected in one window the graph for this well will be selected in another window
automatically

Oil rate. Well PROD_0_1

Bulk pressure. Well

PROD_0_1

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 Graphs in tNavigator 38

Time Step
Objects (connections, wells, groups, reservoir, FIP regions)

Table

Parameters (tick parameters)

Press «Reset» to disable all

parameters

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 Graphs. Export to Excel 39

1. Click upper left corner to select a table (or Ctrl+A (select all), Ctrl+C (copy), Ctrl+V (paste))
OR
2. Press Export (green arrow) to save the table. Specify extension .xls to save Excel-file

Press to select all table

Export

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 Graphs list 40

• Rates (oil, water, gas, etc.);

• Total (oil, water, gas, etc.);
• Resources (current and original oil in place, water, gas, …)
• Analytics (water cut, gas-oil ratio, water-oil ratio…);
• Pressure (BHP, bulk pressure, …)
• Flow Between FIPs;
• Run Statistics (number of iterations, total calculation time…);
• Crossplots (dependence between parameters);
• Hist vs Calc (historical and calculation data for wells);
• Well Profile (parameter values for well connections);
• Well Section
• User Arithmetic (user graphs);
• Block Info (parameter values in blocks: pressure, saturation, etc.);
• Profile Info (graphs for Profile (vertical section));
• Pressure/Temperature Slices (for thermal models);
• Unified Adaptation Results (historical and calculation data table for wells);
• Comparison of Results (if 2 or more models results are loaded to the model);
• Aquifer graphs;
• User Selection (graphs, selected by user).

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 Graph types 41

Objects

1. Object – one of the following: connection, well, group of wells, region,

reservoir. Graphs of various parameters as time function (interval
number) can be built simultaneously for selected object (one!).

Parameters

2. Parameter – one (!) parameter of the following: accumulative rates,

rates, injection, pressure, well productivity, group productivity, regions
crossflows. Graph of values for any number of wells and selected
perforated intervals as time function (time step number) can be built for
this parameter.

3. Step. Any number of parameters for any number of objects can be

calculated for any time step. Place time slider to concerned interval to
select time point.
Switch graphs type

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 Object graph type 42

Object – one of the following: connection, well, group of wells, region, reservoir. Graphs of
various parameters as time function can be built simultaneously for selected object (one!).

Injector
Producer
Shut
Switch well status: Stop
historical\calculated Injector (previously - producer)

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 Parameter graph type 43

Parameter – one (!) parameter of the following: accumulative rates, rates, injection, pressure,
well productivity, group productivity. Graph of values for any number of wells and selected
perforated intervals as time function (time step number) can be built for this parameter.

Parameter graph types: Separate (graphs for all objects in the window), Sum (sum of the parameter for all selected
objects), Average (average of the parameter for all selected objects), Active Average (well is active at the time step
if it works on current time step)

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 Step graph type 44

Step. Any number of parameters for any number of objects can be calculated for any time step.
Move time slider to obtain data for the time step you need.

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 User Selection 45

1. Right mouse click on graph name, Add to User Selection. Only graphs that user selects
2. Go to User Selection to see graphs

User Selection contains graph Oil Rate

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 Well filter 46

When you use Well filter (on the right panel): only wells from filter will be visualized on all maps
and graphs

Use Well filter Well filter is active

Select well
Tick wells
groups

All reservoir wells

Wells with filter

Deselect all: No wells will be
visualized

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 tNavigator History Matching Tools 47

Assisted
HM tables Properties
History
and graphs Editing
Matching

Unified History See the course 4-1 See the course 8-1
Matching Results HowToEditRelPermMULT HowToUseHistoryMatching

Move RP points in
Graphs, Plots: Tornado, Latin
GUI, Convert RP to
Hybercube, Grid Search,
Historical vs Corey correlation and
Differential Evolution,
Calculation values change SWL, SWCR,
Simplex-method
KRORW values, etc.

Edit MULTX, MULTY,

Bubble Maps: MULTZ maps
residuals
Create any new map

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 Unified History Matching Table 48
1. Open and calculate BRUGGE_var/BRUGGE_var_1.DATA
2. Graphs. Unified History Matching Results
3. Historical and calculated values of parameters for wells: Oil total, Water total, Gas Total,
Liquid Total, Rates, water cut, water injection etc.
4. Data is updated at each time step. At the end of the calculation move time slider to the desired
step and analyze the HM table at this step.
Relative Residual = |Hist. – Calc.| *100%
Hist.

Well list

Absolute Residual = Hist. – Calc.

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 Sorting History Matching table 49

HM table data can be sorted by ascending or descending parameter values.

Left-click to header of column that should be sorted

Sort Descending historical value Sort Ascending relative residual

of the Oil Total Oil Total

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 Graphs: 50

1. Graphs. Totals (Rates, etc…)

2. Groups (Field, Wells, etc)
3. Tick Oil total, Oil Total (H), Water Total, Water Total (H), Liquid Total, Liquid Total (H)
4. (H) – means historical value
5. Compare historical and calculated values for wells, field on graphs and tables

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 Graph: historical and calculated values 51
1. Graphs. Hist vs Calc (BRUGGE_var/BRUGGE_var_1.DATA)
2. X-axis – calculated value, Y-axis – historical value
3. Green bisector line – calculated value of parameter is equal to historical for the wells on this line
4. Tolerance – Red lines – 10% deviation from the bisector (for well deviation between calculated
and historical value is valid)

Calculated and historical oil total for wells

don’t match (residual in more than 10%)
Red wells in the table and graph

Calculated oil rate is equal to historical oil

rate at this time step (between red lines)
Green wells in the table and graph.
To see Green wells tick off – Hide Matched

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 Graph: historical and calculated values 52
1. Tolerance can be changed for high rate wells and middle rate wells independently (5%
for high rates and 10% for middle rates on the picture)
2. Square – wells with middle rate
3. Around square – wells with high rate
4. Tick Hide Low Rate Ones (Low Rate wells list depend on user specified Min. Rate)

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 Residual Bubble Maps 53

1. 2D Map. Avg (or SUm)

2. Tick Bubble Maps. Residual Map
3. Select parameter (Oil Total on the picture)
4. Near the circle there are values of Oil total residual
5. Move time slider to see residuals on each time step
6. Red color of circle (hist value > cacl), blue color (hist value < calc)

Tick off Relative residuals to see Absolute

residuals bubble maps

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 Historical vs Calculated Bubble Maps 54

1. Bubble Maps. Custom

2. Bubble Map1: Oil Rate, Oil Rate, Type Hystorical + Calculated
3. Bubble Map2: None, None
4. Red color (calculated oil rate), blue color (historical oil rate)
5. See the wells with big difference between historical and calculated data

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Thank you for attention!

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