Ace Ahead Mathematics T Volume 2

Exam Practice 4 (4i – j) – (2i + 5j) = k[λi – 3j) – (4i – j)]

1. p = i + 2j and q = λi – 3j, 2i – 6j = k(λ – 4) i – 2kj
p – q = (i + 2j) – (λi – 3j) = (1 – λ)i + 5j Hence, 2 = k(λ – 4) and 6 = 2k
√(1 – λ)2 + 52 = 13 Substituting k = 3 into 2 = k(λ – 4),
2 = 3(λ – 4)
(1 – λ)2 + 52 =
14 = 3λ
169 14
—–
(1 – λ)2 = 144 3
λ
λ = 13 or –11 6. Take
= the unit vectors i and j to be due east and
When λ = 13, p – q = (1 – 13)i + 5j = –12i + 5j north respectively.
A unit vector in the direction
12 5 vM = 4i km h–1, WvM = – u1j km –1 h
p – q = – —– i —– j
13 13 Substituting into WvM = vW – vM,
→ → –u1j = vW – 4i
2. (a) AP = 2AB, vW = 4i – u1j............................................... (1)
→ 5 3 5
OP – =2 – When the man increases his velocity,
3 –2 3
N
→
OP = 5 + 2 –2 =1
3 –5 – W
v M =u km h–1
2

7 45°
Since Q is the mid-point of BC,
→ 1 → 1 → vM = 6i m h–1
OQ = — OB + — OC
2 2 k

=—1 +— 1 1 2
= vM = 6i km h– and
2 –2 2 0 –1 –
→ WvM = u2 cos 45°i – u2 sin 45° j km h
2 1 1 Substituting into WvM = vW – vM,
(b) PQ = – =
–1 –7 6 u2 cos 45° i – u2 sin 45° j = vW – 6i
= √12 + 62 = 6.08 vW = u2 cos 45°i – u2 sin 45° j + 6i
units
3. a = i + 2j, b = 4i – 3j and c = mi + 7j vW = (u2 cos 45° + 6)i – u2 sin 45° j ........... (2)
(a) a + b + c = (i + 2j) + (4i – 3j) + (mi + 7j) Comparing (1) and (2),
= (5 + m)i + 6j u2 cos 45° + 6 = 4 and sin 45° = u1
u2
(b) (i) From a + b + c = 10, –2 1
u2 = ——— = –2√2 , u1 = –2√2 ×— = –
√(5 + m)2 + 62 = 10 2 cos 45° √2
(5 + m)2 + 62 = Substituting u1 = –2 in (1),
100 (5 + m)2 = vW = 4i + 2j km h–1
64
5 + m = 8 or 5 + m = – 8
Therefore, m = 3 or m = –13 vW = √42 + 22 = √20 = 4.472 = 4.472 km h–1
(ii) A unit vector in the direction of 4
tan θ = — ⇒ θ = 63.43°
(5 + 3)i + 6j 2
a + b + c —————–
10 Therefore, the actual velocity of the wind has
4 3 a magnitude of 4.472 km h–1 in the direction of
= —i + —j
5 5 N 63.43° E.
→ → → → 7. Since a = p and b = 1 are
4. OA•OB = |OA||OB| cos ∠AOB –3 q+1
(i + 4j)•(4i – j) = √12 + 42 √42 + (–1)2 cos perpendicular vectors,
∠AOB
p 1
(1)(4) + (4)(–1) = √17 × √17cos ∠AOB • =0
–3 q+1
0 = 17 cos ∠AOB
p – 3(q + 1) = 0
cos ∠AOB = 0
p = 3(q + 1) ............................ (1)
AOB = 90°
1 |a| = √p2 + (–3)2 = √9(q + 1)2 + 9
Area of triangle OAB =— × √17 × √17 = 8.5 unit2
2 5. OA = 2i + 5j, OB = 4i – j and OC = λi –
→ → → 3j

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 → → = 3√(q + 1)2 + 1 = 3|b| [shown]
AB = k BC, where k is a constant
Substitute p = 3 in (1),
3 = 3(q + 1)
q=0

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 3 1 Since ∠NPQ = 40° and ∠NPP1 = 7.52°,
a= and b =
–3 1 QPP1 = 40° + 7.52° = 47.52°
3 4 1 From ∆QPP1, sin 47.52° = —— P1Q
a+b = + =
–3 1 –2 26.4
= √42 + (–2)2 = √20 = 4.472 P1Q = 26.4 sin 47.52° = 19.47 nautical miles.
→ → Hence, shortest distance between A and B
8. AB = x and BC = y = 19.47 nautical miles.
E D PP1
From cos 47.52° = ——,
26.4
2y PP1 = 26.4 cos 47.52° = 17.829 nautical miles.
F C
Time taken for A to travel from P to P1
y
17.829
= —— = 5.0 hours
A x B 3.5659
→ → → Therefore, the time when the two ships are at
(a) AC = AB + BC = x + y their shortest distance apart is 1700 hours (5
→ → p.m.).
(b) AD = 2BC = 2y
→ → → 3 –1
(c) CD = AD – AC 10. (a) •
4 √3
= (2y) – (x + y) = y – x
→ → → = √32 + 42 × √(–1)2 + (√3 )2 cos
(d) AE = AD + DE ∠QPR
→ →
= (2y) + BA = 2y – AB = 2y – x –3 + 4√3 = 10 cos ∠QPR
∠QPR = 66.87°
(b) Area of triangle PQR
→ →
→ → = — × PQ × PR sin 66.87°
1
9. OA = vA = 5 knots, OB = vB = 4 2
knots,
→ = 5 sin 66.87°
BA = AvB = velocity of A relative to
B. = 4.598 units2

N N 11. (a) P(2, 3), Q(1, 4) and R(– 3, 0).

A → →
vA = 5 knots From PA = 3PQ,
60°
45°
→ 2 1
O θ v
A B OA – =3 –
3 4 3
vB = 4 knots B
→ –3 2 –1
OA = + =
Using the cosine rule in OAB, 3 3 6
BA2 = 52 + 42 – 2(5)(4) cos 45° → 1 →
From BR = — PB,
BA = √41 – 40 cos 45° = 3.5659 4
knots
–3 – → 1 OB →
Using the sine rule in ∆OAB, OB = — – 2
0 4 3
5 3.5659
——– = ——— –3 → → 2
sin θ sin 45° 4 – 4OB = OB –
5 sin 45° 0 3
θ = sin–1 ——— = 82.52° → –12 2 –10
3.5659 5OB = + =
From ∠NBO + 105° = 180°, ∠NBO = 75° 0 3 3
∠NBA = 82.52° – 75° = 7.52°. → –2
Hence, OB =
Therefore, the velocity of A relative to B has —3
5
a magnitude of 3.5659 knots with a bearing → –2 –1 –1
007.52° (N 7.52° E). (b) AB = – =
3 6 –5.4
—
N N 5
→
AB = √(–1)2 + (–5.4)2 = 5.492
Q v
A B
= 3.5659 12.
knots D C
P1 V
Y
P
Let P1 be the position of ship A when it is when
at the shortest distance from ship B, i.e. ∠QP

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 1
P = 90°. U

A 2 X 1 B

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 → → → A unit vector that is perpendicular to
(a) BU = h(BC + CD)
→ → → –—
3
BU = hBC + hCD ..................... (1) 5
2a + b is 4 .
[shown] —
5
→ → 2 2
CU = kCX 15. a = xi + yj ⇒ |a| = √x + y
→ → → →
BU – BC = k(BX – BC)
a x y
→ → → 1 → — = ———– i + ———– j
2 2
√x + y2
2
a √x + y
BU = BC – kBC + k —
3 BA

→ 1 kCD→ a = x y 2
√
2
= (1 – k) BC + — ...... (2) [shown] Magnitude of — ——— + ———
3 a 2
√x + y 2
√x + y2
2

From (1) and (2),

→ → → 1 → x2 + y2
hBC + hCD = (1 – k) BC + — kCD =

1
h = 1 – k and h = — k
3
Hence,
√ ———
2
x +y
2 = 1 unit

a is a unit vector. [shown]

3 —
1 |a|
1–k=—k
3 (a) Magnitude of 8i – 15j = √82 + (–15)2 = 17
4 3 A unit vector that is parallel to 8i – 15j
1 =— k ⇒ k =—
8 15
3 4 = —– i – —– j
17 17
3 1 (b) A unit vector that is perpendicular to the
h = 1 –— =—
4 4 15 8
→ 1 → vector 8i – 15j = —– i + —– j
Hence, BU = — BD . [shown] 17 17
4 16. A(5, 0), B(4, 3) and C(1, 4).
(b) Let CV = nCY.
→ → For a rhombus ABCD,
CV = nCY. → →
→ → 1 CA→ 1 → AD = BC
BV – BC = n — + — CD , → 5 1 4
2 2 OD – = –
→ → → 0 4 3
where CY = —1 CA + — CD
2 2
→ 5 –3 2
OD = + =
→ → 1 → → 1 → 0 1 1
BV – BC = — n(CB + BA) + — nCD Hence, D(2, 1).
2 2
→ → 1 → 1 → 1 → → 1 5 –4
BV = BC + — n(–BC) + — nCD + — (a) AC – =
nCD = 4 0 4
2 2 2
→ 1 → → = √(–4)2 + 42
BV = 1 – — n BC + nCD [shown]
2 = 4√2
13. (a) Resultant force, → 2 4 –2
F = (i + 3j) + (2i – j) + (i + j) = (4i + 3j) N BD = – =
1 3 –2
(b) F • j = √42 + 32 × 1 × cos θ, where θ is the
= √(–2)2 + (–2)2
angle between F and j.
(4i + 3j) •j = 5 cos θ = 2√2
→ →
5 cos θ = (4)(0) + (3)(1) (b) Area of the rhombus = —1 AC BD
2
–1 3
θ = cos — = 53.13° 1
5 = — (4√2 )(2√2 )
2
1 = 8 unit2
14. From a = and b = ,
2 –1 x 1
17. • = √x2 + 12 × √12 + (–3)2 cos 135°
1 2 4 1 –3
2a + b = 2 + = 1
2 –1 3 x – 3 = √10(x2 + 1) × – —
2 2
√2
2a + b = √4 + 3 = 5 units Squaring both sides of the equation,
(a) A unit vector that is parallel to 2a + b (x – 3)2 = 5(x2 + 1)
x – 6x + 9 = 5x2 + 5
2
—
4

ACE Ahd Mth STPM V2 (WA)EP4 4th.indd Cyan Black 1/7/2009 10:36:08 AM
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 1 4
= = 5 4x2 + 6x – 4 = 0
5— 3 —3
5 2x2 + 3x – 2 = 0
(2x – 1)(x + 2) = 0
–3
1
(b) A vector perpendicular to 2a + b is . x = — or x = –2
2
4

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 1 From equation (2),
→ —
————– = ——–
1 v2 u
For x = — , the vectors are OA = 2
2 1 sin (θ + α) cos α
→ 1 Substituting θ + α = 90°,
and OB = . u
–3 v2 = ——– ............................................ (4)
cos α
Area of triangle OAB
2 2
2 2 2 u u
= Hence, v +v ———– + ——–
1 2
+ 12 × √ sin 135° 2 cos α cos α
1
=
2
×

—
√ —1

12 + (–3)2
2
= ——2u —– + —2 u
1 √5 1 5 2 —–
= — × — × √10 × — — unit 4 cos2 α cos2 α
2 2 √2 4 5u 2
= ———– [shown]
→ –2 4 cos2α
For x = –2, the vectors are OA = and
1 19. P(0, – 1) and Q(5, 4)
→ 1 Using ratio theorem for R that divides PQ in
OB = the ratio 3 : 2,
–3 0 5
→ → 2 +3
Area of triangle OAB → OP + 3OQ
OR = ————–— = —————— = 3
2 –1 4
1 5 5 2
= — × √(–2)2 + 12 × √12 + (–3)2 sin
135°
2
1 1 5 → 6
= — × √5 × √10 × — — unit2 OT =
2 √2 2 –1
→ → → 6 3
3
18. (a) Let OW = water current and OS = velocity RT = – =
–1 2 –3
of the ship. → → 3 5 0
RT•PQ = • –
N N N N –3 4 –1
W 3 5
S W = • = 15 + (–15)
v2 –3 5
u v1 θ
v u =0
S
θ α θ → →
θ v 2θ Since RT•PQ = 0, RT and PQ are
O O perpendicular to each other. [shown]
20. Differentiating r = e t i + 2t j with respect to t,
(b) Using the sine rule for first diagram,
velocity, v = e t i + 2 j
v1 u v
—— = —————— = ——– ............ (1) Differentiating v = e t i + 2 j with respect to
sin θ sin(180° – 3θ) sin 2θ t, acceleration, a = e t i + 0 j = e t i
Using sine rule for second diagram, When t = 0, v = i + 2 j and a = i
v2 u v 2 v =i+2j
————– = ————— = ————— tan θ = —
sin (θ + α) sin (90° – α) sin (90° – θ) 1 θ
v2 u v θ = tan–1 2 = 63.4° a =i
————– = ——– = ——– ................
(2)
sin (θ + α) cos α cos θ 21. vA = (8i + 6j) km h–1, vB = (16i + 21j) km h–1
–1
From (1) and (2), AvB = (8i + 6j) – (16i + 21j) = (– 8i – 15j) km h

u sin 3θ cos α |AvB| = √(–8) 2 + (–15)2 = 17 km h–1

— = ——— = ——– j (North)
v sin 2θ cos θ
3 sin θ – 4 sin3 θ cos α i (East)
———————– = ——– θ
2 sin θ cos θ cos θ
v = 17 km –1
h
3 sin θ – 4 sin3 θ A B
———————– = cos α
2 sin θ 15
tan θ = —–
Since θ ≠ 0°, 3 – 4 sin2 θ = 2 cos 8
α

ACE Ahd Mth STPM V2 (WA)EP4 4th.indd Cyan Black 1/7/2009 10:36:08 AM
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 Therefore, 2 cos α = 3 – 4 sin2 θ. θ = 61.93°
Direction of the relative velocity is inclined at
[shown] (c) From equation (1),
61.9° below vector – i.
v1 u v j
——– = —————— = ——–
sin θ sin(180° – 3θ) sin 2θ
B0 25 km A0
v1 = u sin θ i
——————— 61.93°
3 sin θ – 4 sin3θ
u u
= ————– = ———– ................... (3) A1
3 – 4 sin2θ 2 cos α v = 17 km h–1
A B

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 Let the closest distance between the two ships 1 2
= A1B0, where ∠A0A1B0 = 90° . 26 × 13— 24
(b) Resultant force, F = =
A1 B0 26 × — 5 10
sin 61.93° = ——– 13
25
A1B0 = 25 sin 61.93° = 22.06 km λ+2 24
=
N µ–4 10
N Therefore, λ = 22 and µ = 14
A
24. B
α 0 C
v = p km h–1
A B RN
vA = √730 km h–1 Q N
B
90°
α0 60°
O O PN A
→
v = (16i + 21j) km h–1 From triangle OAC, |OA| = P N,
B → → →
Using v = vA – vB,
A B |AC| = |OB| = Q N and |OC| = R N.
pj = vA – (16i + 21j) Using ∆OAC, where ∠OCA = ∠BOC = 90°,
vA = (p + 16)i + 21j km h– Q
sin 60° = —
√(p + 16)2 + 212 = √730 P
p2 + 32p + 256 + 441 = 730 √3 Q
— –— =
p2 + 32p – 33 = 2 P
0 (p + 33)(p – 1) = Hence, P : Q = 2 : √3 .
0 Using Pythagoras’ theorem in ∆OAC,
p = 1 since p 0
Hence, vA = 17i + 21j km h– R 2 = P 2 – Q2
2
21
The direction that A is steered = tan–1 — = P2 – —2√3– P
17
= 51.0° to unit vector i. 1
R2 = — P2
4
1
R = — P since R 0. [shown]
2
v = 1 j km h–1
25. (a) When t = 0, A is at O(0, 0) and B is at (80,
A B
0).
Position vector of A at time t s
= (0 i + 0 j) + (15 i + 12 j)t
= (15t i + 12t j) m.
25 tan 61.93° Position vector of B at time t s
Time taken = ————— = 46.88 hours
1 = (80 i) + (6 i + 6 j) t = (6t + 80) i + 6t j
22. A(– 4, – 1), B(4, 3) m. (b) When t = 4 s, position vector of
→ → B = (104 i + 24 j) m
AC = 2BC Distance moved through by B in 4 s
→ – –4
OC = 2→ OC – 4
–1 3 = √(104 – 80)2 + 242 = 33.94 m
→ 4 –4 12 (c) Velocity of A relative to B = (15 i + 12 j)
– (6 i + 6 j) = (9 i + 6 j) m s–1
OC = 2 – =
3 –1 7 v
A B
= (9 i + 6 j) m –s
→ → A1
Since ∠APC = 90°, PA•PC = 0
–4 x 12
– • – =0
–1 y 7 y θ
i
A0 80 m B0
–4 – x 12 – x
• =0
–1 – y 7–y
(– 4 – x)(12 – x) + (– 1 – y)(7 – y) =0 tan θ = —6 ⇒ θ = 33.69°
9
(– 48 + 4x – 12x + x2) + (– 7 + y – 7y + y2) =0 Hence, the shortest distance between the
x2 + y2 – 8x – 6y – 55 =0 two particles,
A1B0 = 80 sin 33.69° = 44.4 m
23. (a) Resultant force,
λ –3 5 0 0 This occurs at time,
F= + + + = 80 cos 33.69°
–2 4 –6 µ t = ————— = 6.15 s
0
2 2
λ+2 0 Therefore, λ = – 2 and µ = 4
=
µ–4 0

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 √9 + 6 in 2nt
26. (a) Differentiating r = d with
s cos 2nt

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 2n cos 2nt
respect to t, velocity, v = d –36t + — t3 + 36t = 0
–2n sin 2nt 9
2
Differentiating velocity with respect to t, —9 t3 = 0
2
–4n sin 2nt 2
t =0
acceleration, a = d Hence, initially the acceleration of the particle
–4n2 cos 2nt is perpendicular to its velocity. [shown]
sin 2nt 29.
= – 4n2 d = – 4n2 r [shown] A
cos 2nt
0.6 m s–1
sin 2nt 2n cos 2nt
(b) a•v = – 4n2 d •d
500 m P R
= – 4n2d2 [2n sin 2nt cos 2nt 0.2 m s–1 Q
+ (cos 2nt)( – 2n sin 2nt)]
= – 4n2 d2 (2n sin 2nt cos B 100 m C
2nt
– 2n sin 2nt cos 2nt) tan ∠AQR = tan ∠ABC = —50—0
100
27. = 0 [shown]
∠AQR = 78.69°
N
∠PQA = 180° – 78.69° = 101.31°
vC = 6 m s–1
45°
C0 Using sine rule for triangle PQA,
v – AQ 0.6 0.2
200 m
P C
vP = 8 m s ————– = ————– = ————– ........ (1)
θ sin ∠APQ sin 101.31° sin ∠PAQ
0.2 sin 101.31°
P0 sin ∠PAQ = ——————
0.6
Using the PvC = vP – ∠PAQ = 19.08°
vC, ∠APQ + 101.31° + 19.08° = 180°
0 8 sin θ 6 sin 45° ∠APQ = 59.61°
= –
k 8 cos θ 6 cos 45°
From (1),
8 sin θ – —6– AQ 0.6
0 √2 ———— = ————–
= ....................(1) sin 59.61° sin 101.31°
k
8 cos θ – —6– Ground velocity of boat, AQ = 0.5278 m s-1
√2
6 Distance AB = √5002 + 1002 = 509.90 m
8 sin θ – — – =
0
√2
sin θ = 6 Time taken for boat to sail from A to B
—– 509.90
8√2 = —— = 966.1 s
Hence, θ = 32.0° 0.5278
From (1), ∠PAR = 180° – 90° – 59.61° = 30.39°
Hence, the man has to steer his boat upstream
k = 8 cos 32.0° – —6 – = 2.5417 m s–1 at an angle 30.39° to AC.
√2
B1 B2
Therefore, time taken by the policeman in the
chase = ———200
= 78.7 s
2.5417 500 m X
0.2 m s–1

28. a = (–3t i + 6 j) cm s –2 Y
0.6 m s–1
3
v = –— 2 B
2 t i + 6t j +
When t = 0 and v = 12 i cm s–1, To reach the opposite bank in the shortest time
12 i = c possible, the man has to steer his
3 boat in a direction perpendicular to the bank or
— t2 j + 6t j + 12 i current, i.e. along BB1.
Hence, v = – 2

3 Using similar triangles BXY and BB1 2,

= 12 – — t2 i + 6t j cm s–1 B
2
0.2 B B 1 2
—– = — —
When acceleration is perpendicular to the
velocity, 2 (– 3t i + 6 j)• 12 – —3 t2 i + 6t j = 0 (–3t)

2
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 0.6 500
12 – —3 t2 + (6)(6t) = 0 Hence, B1B2 = 166.67 m
The boat lands at B2, a point which is
166.67 m downstream from B.
30. a = (3t2i + 2λj) m s–2
v = (t3i + 2λtj) + c ..............................(1)
When t = 0 and v = i m s–1,

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 Hence, c = i CQ2 = 14 400
Hence, v = (t3i + 2λtj) + i = (t3 + 1)i + 2λtj m s– CQ = 120 km h–1
1
The least time taken to fly from C to D
When t = 2, v = 9i + 4λj
√92 + (4λ)2 = 216
= —— = 1.8 hours.
120
15
81 + 16λ2 =
225
16λ2 = 144 34. (a) (6i + 5j) + (i – 2j) + (– 4i + 3j)
λ =3 = λ(i + 2j)
31. A(1, 7), B(4, 6), C(– 1, 0) and D(5, – 2). 3i + 6j = λ(i + 2j)
→ 4–1 3 3(i + 2j) = λ(i + 2j)
(a) AB = = λ = 3 [shown]
6–7 –1
→ 5 – (–1) 6 3 (b) F = (3i + 6j) N
CD = = =2 Magnitude of the resultant force
–2 – 0 –2 –1
ABDC is a trapezium since CD // AB and = √32 + 62 = 6.708
CD = 2AB. [shown] N
Hence, AB : CD = 1 : 2. (c) (3i + 6j) • i = (6.708)(1) cos θ
(b) If ABPD is a parallelogram, 3 = 6.708 cos θ
→ → cos θ = 0.447
AB = DP 35.
3 → E D
= OP –
–1 –2
→ 3 5 2 N
OP = + = F
2 N
C
–1 –2 –3
4 N
32. (a) p + q = 16 .................................... A 6N B
(1)
A C Resultant force, P
4×— –
√3
1–2 × — –2 × —1
8N 6 2 2 2
p N = + + +
0
θ 4×— –2 × —√3– 2 × —√3–
1
O q N
B 2 2 2
2
q +8 =p 2 2
…………………… 7.464
= N
(2) Substitute (1) into (2), 2
(16 – p)2 + 64 = p2 = (7.464 i + 2 j) N
256 – 32p + p2 + 64 = p2 36.
32p = 320 B
p = 10 60° v
f s
From (1), 10 + q = 16 ⇒ q = 6 80 cm
A1
(b) cos θ = —8
⇒ θ = 36.87° vf = 4 cm –s
10
Hence, ∠AOB = 90° + 36.87° = 126.87° A v s = 5 cm s–1 C
33. (a) Using BvA = vB – vA,
√2 v × —1 – (a) Velocity of fly relative to spider,

v =
B A
– =
√2 v × — –

√2 0 v v = (4 cos 60° i + 4 sin 60° j) – (– 5 i)

f s
1 v 0 = (7 i + 2√3 j) cm s–1
√2 Angle made by the relative velocity with
The magnitude of velocity of B relative to
—
2√3
A is v and in the direction due east. AC = tan–1 = 26.33°
V km h–1
D
50 km h–1 P
Q C
CD = 216
ACE Ahd Mth STPM V2 (WA)EP4 4th.indd Cyan Black 1/7/2009 10:36:11 AM
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 st distance between the fly and the spider
130 km h–1 (b) = CA1
S CA
h sin 26.33° = — 1
o
CA1 = 80 sin 26.33° = 35.48 cm
r
Magnitude of velocity of fly relative to the
t
spider
e
= √72 + (2√3 )2
= 7.8102 cm s–1
In the triangle of velocities, 80 cos 26.33°
Time taken = —————— = 9.18
CQ2 + 502 = 1302 7.8102

ACE Ahd Mth STPM V2 (WA)EP4 4th.indd Cyan Black 1/7/2009 10:36:11 AM
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 37. (a) B C 38. North Q
θ 40 km h–1
4√3 East
2p N N R
θ
200 km h–1
A v km h–1
O p N

Using the triangle OAC, P

p2 + (4√3 )2 = (2p)2
48 = 3p2 ∠PRQ = 45° + 90° = 135°
p = 4 since p 0 200 40 v
———– = ————– = ————– ............ (1)
sin 135° sin ∠QPR sin ∠PQR
tan θ = —4— ⇒ θ = 30°. 40 sin 135°
4√3 ∠QPR = sin–1
∠AOB = 30° + 90° = 120° ————— = 8.13°
200
(b) r = (sin 3t i + cos 3t j) m The plane is steered in the direction N 8.0° E
v = (3 cos 3t i – 3 sin 3t j) m s–1 ..... (1) in order to fly from A to B.
1 ∠PQR = 180° – 8.13° – 135° = 36.87°
When t = — π,
6 200 v
1 1 From (1), ———– = ————
v = 3 cos 3 — π i – 3 sin 3 —π j sin 135° sin 36.87°
6 6 v = 169.71 km h–1
= – 3j m s–1
a = (– 9 sin 3t i – 9 cos 3t j) m s–2 Time of flight from A to B = —4—00— = 2.36 hours
169.71
|a| = √(–9 sin 3t)2 + (–9 cos 3t)2
0 –40 cos 45° 28.28
= √81(sin2 3t + cos2 3t) v =
p b
– = km h–1
169.71 –40 sin 45° 197.99
= √81 = 9 m s–2 [shown]
N
2v × —1 v × —1 – —v– 28.28
√2 √2 √2 v
p b
= km –1h
(c) B vA = – = 197.99
–2v × — –1 v×— –—
B
√2 1– 3v– A1
400 km
2 √2 √2 α

√
|BvA| = v
—– + – 3v
—–
√2 √2 A

10–v = √5 v km 28.28
=
√— h–1
α = tan–1 ———
197.99
= 8.129°

2
3v |pvb| = √28.282 + 197.992 = 199.999 km h–1 .
— –
θ = tan –1
—√—2 = tan–1 3 Shortest distance between the plane and the
= 71.57 balloon = 400 sin 8.129°
—v– = 56.56 km
√2 = 56.5 km
The velocity of B relative to A is of
magnitude √5 v km h–1 and is in Time taken to reach their positions
the
400 cos 8.129°
direction S(90 – 71.57)° E, i.e. = —————— = 1.98 hours
199.99
S 18.43° E.

ACE Ahd Mth STPM V2 (WA)EP4 4th.indd Cyan Black 1/7/2009 10:36:13 AM
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 8

ACE Ahd Mth STPM V2 (WA)EP4 4th.indd Cyan Black 1/7/2009 10:36:13 AM
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