BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 | BLD 61403

PROJECT 1 |
INDUSTRIALISED BUILDING SYSTEM

TUTOR: MR.RIZAL

CHONG HAO FOONG 0322343

CHUNG HOW CYONG 0324152
HENG SY HUA 0321999
TEH WEI HONG 0323743
TEOH ZHE KHAI 0322905
1 INTRODUCTION 6 JOINING
METHODS

2 PROPOSED IBS
SYSTEM 7 IBS SCORE

3 DRAWINGS
8 CONCLUSION

4 BUILDING
COMPONENTS 9 REFERENCES

5 PREFABRICATION
PROCESS
1 INTRODUCTION

1
1.1. ACKNOWLEGDEMENT
Sincerely, we would like to thank our lecturers Mr Rizal and Mr
Edwin that guide us through this project by teaching us all
necessary theories about Industrialized Building System (IBS).
They also placed much effort by willing to answer all our question
patiently. Our tutor, Mr Rizal also guided us with suggestion that
had given us new perspective to increase the richness of our
report. Without any doubt, I would also like to thank the School of
Architecture Building and Design (SABD) to provide us a
comfortable environment for discussion and gives us the
opportunity to carry out our research topics. Last but not least, we
are also thankful for all of our fellow friends and groupmates that
support us both physical and mentally throughout the whole
project without all the encouragement and contribution, we would
not able to produce this report.
1.2. OBJECTIVE
Industrial Building System, (IBS) is a new technology that has
been implemented in our country recently. IBS is defined as a
prefabrication technology where almost all components required
in a construction are pre-manufactured onsite or offsite. The
product is then transported to the construction site to be installed.
Hence, high precision, coordinate joint and professional skills is
required to produce the compartments and joints. With this, high
quality projects can be constructed with lesser completion time as
well as lower construction cost. One of the most popular IBS
construction method used in Malaysia is precast component.
Hence, we would like to further study and investigate one of the
many methods of constructing a building by using IBS method.
Also, we would like to demonstrate the construction of building
using IBS method to prove that this constructing method is
efficient and comes with much benefits.
 1.3. CASE STUDY

SERI JATI APARTMENT Components that involves full IBS factor:

Precast system Steel framing system

- Load bearing wall - Prefabricated steel

- Non-load bearing wall roof trusses
- Staircase and landing slabs
- Lift core walls
- Bathroom slabs
- Air-conditional ledges

Figure 1.3.1 shows Seri Jati Apartment and the assemble of precast wall.
Components that involves partially IBS factors:

This 10 storey apartment located in Setia Alam and contains 942 Precast system Formwork system
units with 6 different blocks. With the use of IBS constructing
system, the apartment manages to be 100% in 1 single phase. - Walls for roof - In-situ concrete
components

The construction was nearly be placed on hold due to the higher

cost and lack of specialised labour in IBS. However, the developer This construction also involves construction that has no

SP Setia had made strong effort to reinforce that the building involving of IBS factor which is timber formwork system. This

system made financial sense in construction of affordable and low is system is used in supporting the conventional construction

cost homes. The construction has earned an IBS special award at components in the project.

the Malaysia Construction Industry Excellence Award 2016.

2 PROPOSED IBS
SYSTEM
2.1. INTRODUCTION TO IBS SYTEM

For our design, it compromised a hybrid system where we have a In order to increase the efficiency, Modular Coordination (MC)
combination of different IBS construction method. The methods which is also known as the standard measurement of IBS
that we used are Precast Concrete System, Steel Framing elements. MC coordinates and standardises the dimension,
System and Blockwork System. IBS system is a construction position and space of the building design in terms of basic unit or
technique where buildings components are usually being module. Following are some other significant pros and cons of
manufactured in factories instead of constructing on site. The using IBS constructing method:
components will be transported to site for be assembled and this
system will gradually reduce the construction time, labour and Advantages Disadvantages
cost as well as provide a safer constructing environment. Different
system are used for different component according to the table - Less labour - High transportation fee
below. - Lower cost - Requires highly
- Shorter construction time skilled labour
- Higher quality and
Precast system Steel framing Block work system aesthetic value
system - Cleaner environment

- Foundation - Roof - Interior wall

- Slab
- Columns and
beams
- Stairs
- Exterior wall
2.2. PRECAST CONCRETE SYSTEM

Features of Precast Concrete System:

1. Controlled environment for the curing process increase the
efficiency and quality control.
2. Decrease the use of labour but increase the use of automated
tool, machinery and other equipment to shorten the production
time.
3. Shorter construction period and does not effect by the adverse
weather condition.
4. Requires high cooperation between the design phase and

Figure 2.2.1 shows the assemble of precastconcrete wall. manufacturing phase by using the regular configuration plan and
elevation.
Precast Concrete System is used in a construction where
concrete are pour in a reusable mould and is being cured in a
Advantages and Disadvantages of Precast Concrete System:
controlled and standardised environment. The products are then
transported to the site and lifted to set in specific place. These
Advantages Disadvantages
structural components can be manufactured in various shape and
size according to standardise industrial methods. The system that
- Mass production - Difficult to produce
we are using for the system is Full Prefabrication Open System - Easily monitored - organic shapes
where almost all structural components are prefabricated - Quality controlled - High transportation cost
- Increase efficiency
transported to be assembled on site. - Does not effected by
weather condition
2.3. STEEL FRAMING SYSTEM

Advantages and Disadvantages of Steel Framing System:

Advantages Disadvantages

- High strength and durability - Thermal conductive

- Light weight - Higher initial cost
- Wider range of
shape and size

Figure 2.3.1 shows the construction of steel framing system.

Steel Framing System is often used to construct skyscraper due

to its fast construction and strong structure. Also, steel framing is
also use to construct roof due to its light weight trusses as an
alternative to traditional constructing method.

Features of Steel Framing System:

1. The parts of steel roofing are recyclable.
2. Lightweight materials and easy to handle.
3. Decrease roof construction time drastically.
4. High flexible where it can be made to any kind of shapes
2.4. BLOCK WORK SYSTEM

Advantages and Disadvantages of Block Work System:

Advantages Disadvantages

- Fast installation - Higher construction cost

- Maintain the - Professional labour needed
cleanliness of site
- Higher durability
and strength

Figure 2.4.1 shows the wall built using block work system.

In Block Work System, interlocking masonry unit (CMU) is used

to construct the interior wall. CMU is a standard size concrete
block that is pre manufactured and is light weight and higher
quality than normal brick. Core can be found in the blocks to allow
the insertion of steel for reinforcement.

Features of Steel Framing System:

1. Minimise construction time and increase productivity.
2. Easily transported.
3. Higher quality of surface finishes.
8. Minimise human error in producing straight wall.
3 DRAWINGS
3.1. ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING
3.1. ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING
3.1. ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING
3.1. ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING
3.2. STRUCTURAL DRAWING
3.2. STRUCTURAL DRAWING
3.2. STRUCTURAL DRAWING
3.2. STRUCTURAL DRAWING
3.3. ELEVATION DRAWING
3.3. ELEVATION DRAWING
3.3. ELEVATION DRAWING
3.3. ELEVATION DRAWING
3.4. SECTION DRAWING
3.4. SECTION DRAWING
3.5. ISOMETRIC DRAWING
3.5. ISOMETRIC DRAWING
3.6. SCHEDULE OF IBS COMPONENTS
3.6. SCHEDULE OF IBS COMPONENTS
3.6. SCHEDULE OF IBS COMPONENTS
3.6. SCHEDULE OF IBS COMPONENTS
3.6. SCHEDULE OF IBS COMPONENTS
3.6. SCHEDULE OF IBS COMPONENTS
 BUILDING
4 COMPONENTS
4.1. INTRODUCTION 4.2. PRECAST FOUNDATION

Constructing a building involve various type of building
components and majority of our components are built using IBS
constructing method which is precast system, steel framing
system and block work system. Also, they are parts that does
not involve any IBS factor which are the standardise window, door
and railings.
Precast system Steel framing Block work system
system
Precast Foundation is a relatively economical choice as it has
footings and reinforcement bars already set inside. The foundation
is ready made and just need to be placed directly on the ground
and carefully brought to the appropriate height with the use of
regulator. No concrete underpinning is involved in this process as
the regulator at the same time, lift the rebar from the terrain. The
foundation can be installed with a shorter period and also leave
the site cleaner as no form work is needed.

- Foundation - Roof - Interior wall

- Slab
- Columns and
beams
- Stairs
- Exterior wall

Figure 4.2.1 shows the site condition using Figure 4.2.2 shows the footing of a
precast foundation. precast foundation.
4.3. PRECAST FLOOR SLAB

The slab has several different size and thickness. Reinforcing

steel wire rope available in the slab helps to enhance the
resistance of bending moment from both live and dead loads. One
of the benefits of hollow core slabs is that it can spans up to
16.5m apart from normal concrete slab which spans until 20m to
increase the flexibility. A precast floor slab also eliminates the
requirement for pricy excavation for ground floors and provides an
immediate clean and dry working platform.

Figure 4.3.1 shows hollow core precast slab. Advantages and Disadvantages of Precast Floor Slab:

Hollow Core Precast Slab is used in the construction of our 3-

Advantages Disadvantages
storey apartment. It is a horizontal member and is a large piece of
concrete which is rectangular in shape. Hollow core floor slabs are
- Fast production - Higher transportation cost
commonly use as floorings for each floors and the roof deck. The - Strong acoustical - Larger and heavier
performance to be carry
unique part for hollow core slabs has void to add in structural
- Maximum structural
stability and also minimise the cost. The voids also result in better efficiency
sound proof, fire rated and lower maintenance system.
4.4. PRECAST WALL PANEL

Some of the ways to lift precast walls on-site to be installed:

Figure 4.4.1 shows the installation of precast wall panel on-site.

The walls installed are Solid Rectangular Section Walls. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Precast Wall Panel:
proposed walls are solid rectangular-section walls. The designed
openings are prefabricated to allow the placement of doors and Advantages
windows on site. The precast walls will then be transported to the
- Fast production
site and installed using cranes.
- Strong acoustical
performance
- Maximum structural
efficiency
Disadvantages
- Higher transportation cost
- High corporation during
design stage is needed to
confirm the placement of
the openings
4.5. PRECAST COLUMNS 4.6. PRECAST BEAMS

Figure 4.5.1 shows the installation and Figure 4.5.2 shows the construction detail Figure 4.6.1 shows Tee beam. Figure 4.6.2 shows L-shaped beam.
assemble of precast column on-site. of precast column.
The type of beams that is used to construct the apartment is L-
Precast Columns can be produced to have either single or
beam and Tee beam. Beams are commonly used as ledges for
multiple story corbels to allow multiple levels of components such
precast floorings and walls to sit on it. Both beams that are used
as walls and beams to sit on the columns. The columns are
are able to cover the beam range beyond the slab type members.
designed in a modular form so that is can be made into different
During manufacturing process, the beams are already cast with
height. The type of columns that we used are multi-storey corbels.
both straight strands and deflected strands depending on the
Advantages of Precast Columns: design consideration to increase the efficiency.

1. Significant reduce in construction time. Advantages of Precast Beams:

2. Provide lasting fire resistance. 1. Strong in torsion in comparing to structural-steel beams.

3. Flexible in size that can be customised by the customers. 2. Easier installation process and shorten the construction time.
4. Reduce building material cost. 3. Fire resistant and lighter in weight.
4. Minimizes joints.
4.7. PRECAST STAIRS
Figure 4.7.1 shows the installation and assemble of precast stairs.
Concrete Precast Stairs are manufactured by using mould and
can be produced as straight flight with separate or attached
landings. As the staircase is made completely prefabricated, the
flight is extended to include landings, support points with sound
insulation layer. The stairs are then transported to the site and to
be assembled directly to the wall.
Advantages of Precast Stairs:
1. Better quality control comparing to constructing on site.
2. Eliminates weather condition as the stairs are cured in
controlled environment.
3. Easy installation in site.
4. Maintain the cleanliness of site.
4.8. BLOCK WORK WALL
Figure 4.8.1 shows the construction of block work system on-site.
Block Work System contained of precast concrete block that is
larger and lighter than standard brick size. Its hollow core helps to
improve the insulation capacity in both heat and noise. With
higher quality production in a controlled environment, the blocks
has a smoother surface and higher aesthetic value where the wall
can be leave bare without any finishes. Steel rods can be inserted
into between the hollow core to increase the durability of the wall.
4.9. TOILET BLOCK

Type of Toilet Block in Market:

1200 WC 1200 Bath 1500 WC + WHB

Figure 4.9.1 shows the installation of toilet block via crane.

(PPVC) is used in this system, the toilet blocks are prefabricated

and erected at site. The system is constructed into a block unit 2400 WC + WHB + Urinal 2400 Shower
which is formed by 4 adjacent walls. This free-standing volumetric
module is then transported to the site and be installed directly
using cranes. The block contains a plinth foundation itself which is
also precast type.

Advantages of Toilet Block: 2400 Urinal 2700 WC + WHB

1. Potentially increase productivity in terms of manpower and time.

2. Decrease in dust and noise pollution.
3. Improve site cleanliness.
4.10. METAL PREFABRICATED ROOF

The roof structures also contain various layering to helps in

reducing thermal mass and insulation.
1. Steel roof deck, consist of a cold formed corrugated steel sheet
supported by gable frame. It is also used to support the upper
insulating layer of the roof.
2. Gypsum overlay board is used to distribute the load evenly

Figure 4.10.1 shows the type of steel purlin. Figure 4.10.2 shows the construction of
across the whole roof to reduce any impact damage.
prefabricated metal roofing.
3. Vapour retarder is used as heat insulation to decrease the
Steel Framing System are often used in fast track construction
heat gain from outdoor environment.
due to its light weight materiality and easily installed structure. The
4. Asphaltic overlap board is used to separate the insulating
steel trusses also consist of cost-effective profiled could formed
layour and the base membrane.
channels and steel portal frame systems in compared with
5. Base membrane is water resistant to prevent the transmission
traditional heavy hot roll sections. Mono truss and steel purlin is
if water into the interior space to keep the structure dries.
used in constructing the apartment.

Figure 4.10.1 shows the drawing of a mona truss.

Mono Truss is used primarily against existing walls or building. It

provides the roof with the slopes in one direction. For steel purlin,
it is the horizontal structural member of a roof. It supports the
load from the roof deck and is supported by the trusses.
 PREFABRICATION
5 PROCESS
5.1.1. EXCAVATION 5.1.2. FOUNDATION AND GROUND BEAM

Figure 5.1.1 shows the process of site excavation with the aid of excavator. Figure 5.1.2 shows the piling process on-site.

Vegetation in site is being cleared so that the foundation and Piling Operation is carried out according to the designed pile
footing can be installed. Site inspection is carried out to determine position. The process have to be monitored to ensure the position
the soil type and the bearing capacity so that the loads can be is correct as it will affect the design and placement of ground
supported. beam. Pile cap with rebar is then connected to the column.

Construction Process of Footing to Ground Beam:

1. Precast concrete footings are laid on the site following by the
attachment of beam slabs and beam.
2. Downward displacement boundary condition is applied on the
soil stratum to ensure a rigid footing.
3. Bracing system helps to prevent walls from brittle failure.
5.1.3. FLOOR SLAB
Figure 5.1.3 shows the detail of a hollow core slab.
Hollow Core Slabs are installed on a levelling neoprene strip and
fastened to the bearing structure. Smoothness of the surfaces
should be check to ensure the components fit perfectly.
Installation Process of Precast Slab:
1. The hollow core slab is lift by a crane.
2. The slab is then set on the bearing pad on precast beam.
3. Steel reinforcing bars are inserted into the slab to span the joint.
4. The gap between slab are grout with cement.
5. Inches of cement is topped on the slab for tiles covering.
5.1.4. PRECAST COLUMN
Figure 5.1.4 shows the construction detail of the precast column.
The precast columns shall be unloading by using double-branch
strops. The column needs to be stored on a smooth firm base.
Supporting members in 2 resting points have to be placed under
the lifting eyes.
Installation of precast column:
1. Footing is mark at the axis and checked that the anchor bolts
are precisely concreted.
2. The column is then placed on the bolts and erected on the
washers. It is then levelled by the lower nuts and secured by
putting the upper washers and tightening the nuts.
3. Concreting is carried out via pumping the concrete mix using
agitator to seal the junction between column and footing.
5.1.5. BLOCK WORK WALL
Figure 5.1.5 shows the installation of block work on-site..
Block work wall is used for both exterior and interior wall.
Block work wall as load bearing wall:
1. Load-bearing wall forms supporting structure at the building
perimeter and is one of the important parts in structural framing.
2. Use of load bearing walls can free up the interior space and
cut down the usage of columns.
5.1.6. PRECAST BEAM
Figure 5.1.6 shows the construction of precast beam.
Installation of precast beam:
1. Mark the reference line and offset line to confirm the
alignment and level of precast beam for installation.
2. Clean the resting location of the beams and check the altitude
of column consoles.
3. Elevates the beam by using lifting chain that has proper
lifting capacity and length. Beam has to be hang in horizontal
position.
4. Align the beam so that the hole on the beam is directly above
the column bolts. Adjust the beam so that it will evenly prop on the
consoles at equal distance from the column.
5. Grout the column bolts that tighten the beams with concrete.
5.1.7. TOILET POD
Figure 5.1.7 shows the installation of toilet pod via crane.
Installation process of toilet pod:
1. Toilet pods are constructed off site and passed the pressure
and electrical test to confirm its functionality.
2. The interior or toilet pod is fully fitted with furniture and tiles
before sending to site.
3. The pod is then hoisted into the structure by crane to be placed
in its location after the mechanicals and partition walls were
installed and ready for MEP connections.
4. The area above the pod is framed to the ceiling to integrate
the pod fully within the room.
5. Finishes is apply to the exterior of the pod so it blends in with
the rest part of the room.
5.1.8. PREFABRICATED METAL ROOF
Figure 5.1.8 shows the construction detail of prefabricated roof truss.
Installation of roof truss:
1. The vertical slings should be positioned at an equal distance
from the centre of the truss.
2. Spreader bar is used to prevent damaging of truss.
3. Install the gable and truss. Hex head tex screw is used to fix
the bracket at each heel connection once the gable truss is
positioned.
4. Temporarily brace the truss plumb and straight and install the
next truss with the same method.
5. Purlin is then installed to sit on top of the gable truss.
6. Install the trapezoidal liner sheet and vapour control layer.
7. Fasten the finishing layers.
5.1.9. PRECAST STAIRCASE

Figure 5.1.9a shows the setting Figure 5.1.9b shows the installation of landing
up of stair level. support.
Figure 5.1.9 shows the construction of precast staircase.

Installation process of precast staircase:

1. Precast concrete stairs are transported to the site and placed
on temporary support frames.
2. The unit is lift up by a crane and placed into the exact position
by adjusting the screw-jacks in the frame members.
3. The lifting hardware fits into the top of 2 temporary support
frames.
4. The frames fit close to the stair riser for maximum foot
Figure 5.1.9c shows the setting Figure 5.1.9d shows the installation of precast
space on the tread. up of upper landing level. stair via crane.
5. Install the landing staircase with the floor slab.
 JOINING
6 METHODS
6.1. COLUMN TO COLUMN 6.2. COLUMN TO BEAM

End of the columns are cast with metal bearing plates and Weld plates are cast into beams and columns respectively. A
embedded anchor bolts. The connection is grout after the bearing plate is placed between the connections to transfer
column is mechanically joined to ensure the full load bearing concentrated compressive force between two structural elements.
between elements to protect the metal components from corrosion. The plates are then welded together after held into place.

Figure 6.1.1 shows the detail of column to column connection.

Figure 6.2.1 shows the connection detail of Figure 6.2.2 shows the column casted
column to beam. with weld plates and ready to joint with
beam.

Figure 6.1.2 shows the anchor bolt for column.

6.3. BEAM TO SLAB 6.4. STAIRCASE CONNECTION

Precast hollow core slabs are placed on the ledge of L-shape Landing to wall connection: The landing slabs are placed on
beam then grouted to hold in place. rolled steel angle (RSA) that is bolted to wall. Structural shim
packer is placed between landing slab and RSA to level the slab.

Stairs to slab connection: Stairs sit on a structural shim packer

on the ledge is casted into the floor slab. A hole is bored into the
step of the stairs and the shim packers. Metal dowel piece is
inserted into the hole and seal by grout.

Figure 6.4.1 shows the connection of Figure 6.4.2 shows the connection
landing and stairs. between landing and wall.
Figure 6.3.1 shows the construction detail of beam to slab joining.

Figure 6.4.3 shows the connection Figure 6.4.4 shows the connection of
between slab and stair via packing. slab and stair via dowel piece.
6.5. ROOF TRUSS TO BEAM

Two metal weld plates sandwich the rafter and is held

together by 2 side bolt. Weld plate is cast into the roof beam.
Rafter with bolt is then weld together to the roof beam.

Figure 6.5.1 shows the joining of truss to beam

via welded steel plate.

Figure 6.5.3 shows the joining of truss to beam via

triple grid with 8 screw connection.

Figure 6.5.2 shows the joining of truss to beam

via upper grid louver metal wall plates.
6.6. STEEL ROOF CONNECTOR

Type of connectors Uses Type of connectors Uses

10-16 x 16mm Hex Head Tex Used for wall connectors and Series 500 Hex Head Tek Heavy gauge structural steel.
Screw general fixing. Screw

10-16 x 16mm Wafer Head Tex Flush fixing screw. GX Framing Screw Frame fixing screw.
Screw

12-14 x 20mm Hex Head Tex Structural fixing. Ramset Ankascrew Self-tapping concrete bolt for
Screw hold down.

Dynabolt
12-14 x 45mm Hex Head Tex
Screw
7 IBS SCORE
CALCULATION
 ELEMENTS AREA (m²) IBS FACTOR COVERAGE IBS SCORE

PART 1: STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

1. Precast Concrete Beam and Column with

Precast Hollow Core Slab 755.4 1.0 755.4 / 1007.2 = 0.75 50 x 0.75 x 1.0 = 37.5
Total Area = 251.8 m² x 3-storey
= 755.4 m²

2. Prefabricated Steel Roof Truss 251.8 1.0 251.8 / 1007.2 = 0.25 50 x 0.25 x 1.0 = 12.5
Total Area = 251.8 m²

TOTAL PART 1 1007.2 1.0 50

PART 2: WALL SYSTEM

1. External Wall: Block Work System

Total Length = 96.5 m x 3-storey 289.5 0.5 289.5 / 471.15 = 0.61 20 x 0.61 x 0.5 = 6.1
= 289.5 m

2. Internal Wall: Block Work System

Total Length = 60.55 m x 3-storey 181.65 0.5 181.65 / 471.15 = 0.39 20 x 0.39 x 0.5 = 3.9
= 181.65 m

TOTAL PART 2 471.15 1.0 10

PART 3: OTHER SIMPLIFIED

CONSTRUCTION METHOD

1. 100% Beam Dimension Complies to MS 100% 4

1064 Part 10:2001
2. 100% Column Dimension Complies to 100% 4
MS 1064 Part 10:2001
 ELEMENTS AREA (m²) IBS FACTOR COVERAGE IBS SCORE

PART 3: OTHER SIMPLIFIED

CONSTRUCTION METHOD

3. 100% Door Dimension Complies to MS 100% 4

1064 Part 10:2001
4. 100% Window Dimension Complies to 100% 4
MS 1064 Part 10:2001
5. 0% Wall Dimension Complies to MS 1064 0% 0
Part 10:2001

Horizontal Repetition of Structural

of Floor Layout = 100% 100% 2
Vertical Repetition of Structural
of Floor Layout = 100% 100% 2

Repetition of Floor to Floor Height = 100% 100% 2

TOTAL PART 3 22

IBS CONTENT SCORE FOR

OVERALL PROJECT 82
(PART 1, PART 2, PART 3)
8 CONCLUSION
IBS has been introduced in Malaysia since 1960’s in order to deal with the fast growing demands. With this method, high quality, affordable
accommodations can be construction within a short period. Also, some side effects that come along with the construction industry, for
instance, low production rate, social problem that brought upon by the foreign workers and the increasing of construction cost can be
eliminated.

However, the usage of IBS in Malaysia is still in a low rate in compare with other countries. Most of the constructions are still using the
conventional method due to the site restriction and the lack of professional labours. Also, not much factories in Malaysia can manufactures
prefabricated structures including the prefabricated toilet or room pods. Hence, several association in Malaysia for instance, Industry
Development Board Malaysia (CIDB) and Master Builders Association Malaysia (MBAM) has organised various campaign and activities to
develop the use of IBS in Malaysia

Through this project, we learn about the development of IBS in the construction industry as well as the benefits of using this construction
system. Also, through the research that we have done, we also get to learn the various system in IBS as well as the construction method.
With this, we are able to produce our model and report successfully.

For the apartment that we design, it incorporates almost 90% of IBS system. With all the effort and guidance, we are able to fully
understand the construction details of IBS method, the way in calculating IBS scare and also the installation process. Last but not least, with
the used of IBS system from foundation to the roof, we are able to archive an IBS score of 82/100.
9 REFERENCES
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3. concrete, C. (2018). Precast Concrete columns and Beams. [online] Creaghconcrete.co.uk. Available at:
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