2.

6 Usage of Newton's Law

Newton's second law, F = m a, is an important part in solving problems of mechanics.
Style includes vector. Summing force = vector sum.
FR = Ö F12 + F22 + 2F1F2 cos a
Q = the smallest angle between F1 and F2
To express some force vectors then they are described on the coordinate axis (x, y), so:
FR = Ö FX2 + FY2
FX = the number of force components on the x axis
FY = number of force components on y axis
FR = resultant style
a. Identification of objects / objects that become the center of attention (beam)
b. Picture the forces acting on the object / object vector

c. Select the coordinate system of the object / object and project the forces acting on the
coordinate axis.

d. Write the second law of Newton in F = ma, and add the total F working on the object /
object vector
• Component x
Fx = m ax
F cos θ = m ax
• Component y
Fy = m ay
F sin θ + N - mg = m ay
e. Solve the problem symbolically (with symbol notation, eg m, a, F, etc.)
From the two equations in the x component and the y component the questioned variable can
be searched
f. Enter the value of each variable into the obtained equation

2.7 Regular Straight Motion (GLB) and Straightforward Changed Motion (GLBB)
2.7.1 Regular Straight Motion (GLB)
Regular Straight Motion (GLB) is a straight motion in the horizontal direction with a fixed v
velocity (acceleration a = 0), so the distance traveled by S is determined only by a fixed
velocity over a period of time.
In general GLB is based on the law of Newton I (S F = 0)
S = X = v. t; a = Dv / Dt = dv / dt = 0
v = Ds / Dt = ds / dt = fixed
The mark of D (difference) denotes the average value
The d (differential) indicates a momentary value

2.7.2 Straightforwardly Changed Motion (GLBB)

Straight Circularly Changed Motion (GLBB) is a straight motion in the horizontal direction
with v speed that changes at any time due to fixed acceleration. The object moves from rest
or begins with the initial velocity will change its speed because there is an acceleration (a =
+) or deceleration (a = -).
Generally GLBB is based on Newton's Law (S F = m.a)
vt = v0 ± a.t
vt2 = v02 ± 2 a S
S = v0 t + ½ a t2
vt = instantaneous velocity of the object
v0 = initial velocity of the object
S = distance traveled by object
f (t) = function of time t
v = ds / dt = f (t)
a = dv / dt = fixed
condition: if the two objects move and meet each other then the distance traveled by both
objects is the same.

2.8 Motion Due to the Influence of Gravity

2.8.1 Free Falling Motion
It is the motion of falling objects in the vertical direction of a certain h height at the initial
velocity 0, so the motion of the object is only affected by the earth's gravity g.
y = h = 1 / 2gt2
v=gt
v2 = 2gh
g = earth's gravitational acceleration
y = h = the path the object takes in the vertical direction
t = the time it takes for the object to take the path

2.8.2 Upward Vertical Movement

It is the motion of an object thrown with an initial velocity v0 in the vertical direction, so that
a = -g (against the direction of gravity). The condition of an object reaches its maximum
height (h max) is vt = 0.
vt = vo - gt
vt2 = v02 - 2gh
h = vot - 1/2 gt2
h max = v02 / 2g
tp = vo / g
vt = speed after t seconds
v0 = initial velocity of the object
g = earth's gravitational acceleration
h = altitude or object movement
h max = maximum height reached by object
tp = time to reach maximum height
t = the time it takes for the object to take the path

Problems example
1. A particle moves along the x-axis with its path equation: X = 5t2 + 1, with X in meters and
t in seconds.
Specify:
a. Average velocity between t = 2 seconds and t = 3 seconds
b. Speed at t = 2 seconds
c. Distance traveled in 10 seconds
d. The average acceleration between t = 2 seconds and t = 3 seconds
Answer:
a. v average = DX / Dt
= (X3 - X2) / (t3 - t2)
= [(5.32 + 1) - (5.22 + 1) / (3-2)]
= 46 - 21 = 25 m / s
b. v2 = dx / dt lt = 2 = 10 lt = 2 = 20 m / s
c. X10 = (5.102 + 1) = 501 m; X0 = 1 m
Distance traveled in 10 seconds = X10 - X1 = 501-1 = 500 m
d. a mean = Dv / Dt
= (v3 - v2) / (t3-t2)
= (10.3-10.2) / (3-2)
= 10 m / s2
2. Distance PQ = 144 m. Object B moves from point Q to P with an acceleration of 2 m / s2
and an initial velocity of 10 m / s. It moves 2 seconds later from point P to Q with
acceleration of 6 m / s2 without initial velocity. Things A and B will meet at what distance?
Answer:
Since object A moves 2 seconds later after object B then tB = tA + 2
SA = v0.tA + ½ a.tA2 = 0 + 3tA2
SB = v0.tB + ½ a.tB2 = 10 (tA + 2) + (tA + 2) 2
Suppose the two objects meet at point R then
SA + SB = PQ = 144 m
3tA2 + 10 (tA + 2) + (tA + 2) 2 = 144
4tA2 + 14tA - 120 = 0
2tA2 + 7tA- 60 = 0
So the two objects will meet at a distance SA = 3tA2 = 48 m (from point P)

2.9 Friction
Friction force is a force that occurs between two relatively opposite moving surfaces.

The friction force that occurs during a stationary object is called static frictional force. The
maximum static frictional force is the smallest required for moving objects. Maximum swipe
style:
a. It does not depend on the area of contact
b. Comparable to normal style.
fs ≤ μs N
μs = static frictional coefficient
when F3 is magnified only slightly, the object will move F = m a

the friction force that occurs during a moving object is called a kinetic swipe.
fk = μk N
μk = kinetic friction coefficient

2.10 Dynamic Circular Motion

A particle that moves in a circle at a constant velocity, the particle is accelerated
(centripetally) of a = v2 / r in the direction toward the center of the circle, in which it acts
centripetal force. The reaction of the centripetal force is the centrifugal force, which is of
equal magnitude but opposite direction to the centripetal force.

2.10.1 Half Parabolic Motion

The object thrown horizontally from a certain height is considered to be composed of two
kinds of motion, namely:
a. Motion in the direction of X axis (GLB)
vx = v0
Sx = X = vx t
b. Motion in the direction of Y axis (GJB / GLBB)
vy = 0
y = ½ gt2
2.10.2 Parabolic / Bullet Motion

Objects thrown up with a certain angle are also composed of two kinds of motion where the
path and velocity of the object must be described in the X and Y directions.
a. The direction of sb-X (GLB)
v0x = v0 cosq (fixed)

b. Directions sb-Y (GLBB)

v0y = v0 sinq
Y = v0yt - 1/2 gt2
= v0y.sinq.t - 1/2 gt2
vy = v0 sinq - gt
requirement to reach point P (highest point): vy = 0
top = v0sinq / g
top = tpq
toq = 2top
OQ = v0x tQ = v02 sin2q / g
h max = voy tp - 1/2 gtp
2 = v0
2 sin2q / 2g
vt = Ö (vx) 2 + (vy) 2

problems example :
1. An object dropped from a plane that was traveling horizontally 720 km / h from a height of
490 meters. Calculate the distance of the object fall in the horizontal direction! (g = 9.8 m /
s2).
Answer:
vx = 720 km / h = 200 m / s
h = 1/2 gt2
490 = 1 / 2.9,8. t2
t = 10 seconds
X = vx. t = 200. 10 = 2000 meters
2. Bullet A and bullet B fired from the same gun with different angle of elevation; A bullet
with 30o and bullet B with an angle of 60o. What is the maximum height ratio of bullet A and
bullet B?
Answer:
Bullet A:
hA = v02sin230o / 2g
= v02 1/4 / 2g
= v02 / 8g
Bullet B:
hB = v02sin260o / 2g
= v023 / 4 / 2g
= 3v02 / 8g
hA: hB = v02 / 8g: 3v02 / 8g = 1: 3