WP = 220 KW

H = 41 m

Q = 670 l/s = 0.67 m3/s

 Rendimiento interno teórico:

𝑁𝑖𝑡 = ∅2 (1 − 𝑡𝑔2 ∝)
𝑁𝑖𝑡 = 0.97(1 − 𝑡𝑔2 (16))
𝑁𝑖𝑡 = 0.89
Donde:
0.96 ≤ ∅ ≤ 0.98
14 ≤ ∝ ≤ 18
∅ = 0.97
∝ = 16
 Rendimiento interno real:
𝑁𝑖 = 𝑎 𝑁𝑖𝑡 𝑎 = 0.95
𝑁𝑖 = 0.95 (0.89)
𝑁𝑖 = 0.846
 Rendimiento total:
𝑁𝑇 = 𝑁 . 𝑁𝑚 𝑁𝑣
𝑁𝑇 = 0.846 (0.9)(1)
𝑁𝑇 = 0.761
0.85 ≤ 𝑁𝑚 ≤ 0.92
𝑁𝑣 = 1
𝑁𝑚 = 0.9
 Potencia de diseño:
𝑃𝑑 = 𝑝𝑔 𝑄 𝐻 𝑁𝑇
𝑃𝑑 = 1000 (9.81) (0.67) (41) (0.761)
𝑃𝑑 = 205074.8 𝑊 = 205.07 𝐾𝑊
 𝑃𝑁 = 220 𝐾𝑊
 Velocidad de rotación:
Nuevo caudal
𝑄 = 0.82
𝐻 = 41 𝑚
𝑁 = 38.3 ∗ 𝑄 −1∕2 ∗ 𝐻 3∕4
𝑁 = 38.3 ∗ 0.82−1∕2 ∗ 413∕4
𝑁 = 685.298 𝑟𝑝𝑚
 Calculo de la velocidad especifica:
 De caudal (40 ≤ 𝑁𝑞 ≤ 180)
𝑁𝑞 = 3 ∗ 𝑁 ∗ 𝑄1∕2 ∗ 𝐻 −3∕4
𝑁𝑞 = 3 ∗ 685.298 ∗ 0.821∕2 ∗ 41−3∕4
𝑁𝑞 = 114.89
 De potencia (45 ≤ 𝑁𝑞 ≤ 250)
𝑁𝑆 = 𝑁 ∗ 𝑃1∕2 ∗ 𝐻 −5∕4
𝑁𝑆 = 685.298 ∗ 2201∕2 ∗ 41−5∕4
𝑁𝑆 = 97.97
 Velocidad de entrada:
𝐶 = 4.43 ∅ √𝐻 ∅ = 0.97
𝐶 = 4.43 (0.97) √41
𝐶 = 27.5 𝑚/𝑠
 Velocidad tangencial:
𝐶
𝑉 = 14 ≤ ∝ ≤ 18
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∝
27.5
𝑉 = ∝ = 16
2 cos(16)
𝑉 = 14.5 𝑚/𝑠
 Diámetro del rotor:
14.3
𝐷 = 19.08
685.298
𝐷 = 0.398 𝑚 = 398 𝑚𝑚
 Diámetro interno del rotor:
𝐷𝑖 = 0.58 ∗ 𝐷
𝐷𝑖 = 0.58 ∗ (398)
𝐷𝑖 = 230.84 𝑚𝑚
 Numero de alabes del rotor:
𝐷
𝑍 = 0.10 ∗ 𝜋 ∗ ( ) 𝑒𝑝, 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 400 𝑚𝑚
𝑒𝑝
398
𝑍 = 0.10 ∗ 𝜋 ∗ ( ) 𝑒𝑝 = 6.55
6.55
𝑍 = 19.089 ≈ 20 𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑠
 Paso extremo de los alabes:
𝐷
𝑇𝑖 = 𝜋 ∗
𝑍
0.398
𝑇𝑖 = 𝜋 ∗
20
𝑇𝑖 = 0.0625 𝑚
 Ancho del inyector:
0.96 ∗ 𝑄
𝐵𝑖 =
√𝐻 ∗ 𝐷
0.96 ∗ (0.82)
𝐵𝑖 =
√41 ∗ (0.398)
𝐵𝑖 = 0.309 𝑚
 Ancho del rotor:
𝐵 = 1.25 ∗ 𝐵𝑖
𝐵 = 1.25 ∗ (0.309)
𝐵 = 0.386 𝑚
 Calculo del ángulo de abertura del inyector:
360 ∗ 𝑎 ∗ 𝑄
𝛿=
(𝜋 ∗ 𝐷 − 𝑒𝑝 ∗ 𝑍) ∗ 𝐵𝑖 ∗ 𝐶 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ∝
360 ∗ (0.95) ∗ (0.82)
𝛿=
(𝜋(0.398) − (0.00655) ∗ (20)) ∗ (0.309) ∗ (27.5)𝑠𝑒𝑛(16)
𝛿 = 106.965°
 Diámetro máximo del eje del rotor:
−1
𝐷 4
𝐿 = 0.5 ∗ 𝐷𝑖 (√1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 (2 ∝) ∗ ( ) )
𝐷𝑖

−1
0.398 4
𝐿 = 0.5 ∗ (0.2308) (√1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 (2(16)) ∗ ( ) )
0.2308

𝐿 = 0.0618 𝑚
 𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2 ∗ 𝐿
𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2 ∗ (0.0618)
𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.1236𝑚

Calculo de la turbina Francis

𝑃𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑑 = 37.4𝑀𝑊

𝐻𝑑 = 83𝑚

𝑄𝑑 = 40 𝑚3 /𝑠

Son dos turbinas Francis:

𝑄𝑑
𝑄= = 20 𝑚3 ⁄𝑠
2

𝑃𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑑
𝑃𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟 = = 18.7 𝑀𝑊
2

𝐻𝑑 = 83 𝑚

 Potencia de la turbina:
𝑃𝑔𝑒𝑛
𝑁=
𝜂𝑔𝑒𝑛
18.7
𝑁= = 19.684 𝑀𝑊
0.95
1000𝐾𝑊 1𝐶𝑉
𝑁 = 19.684 𝑀𝑊 ∗ = 26780.952 𝐶𝑉
1𝑀𝑊 0.735 𝐾𝑊
 Velocidad especifica 𝜂𝑠 :
40 ≤ 𝜂𝑠 ≤ 400
𝑁1∕2
𝜂𝑠 = 𝑁 ∗
𝐻𝑑 5∕4
(26780.952)1∕2
𝜂𝑠 = 550 ∗
(83)5∕4
𝜂𝑠 = 359.279
 Calculo de las dimensiones:

√𝐻𝑑
𝐷3 = (26.2 + 0.211 ∗ 𝜂𝑠 )
𝜂
√83
𝐷3 = (26.2 + 0.211 ∗ (359.279))
550
𝐷3 = 1.6897 m
94.5
𝐷1 = (0.4 + )
359.279
𝐷1 = 0.663 𝑚19.56
𝐷2 = 𝐷3 (0.96 + 0.00038 ∗ 𝜂𝑠 )
𝐷2 = 1.6897(0.96 + 0.00038 ∗ (359.279))
𝐷2 = 1.8528 𝑚
𝐻1 = 𝐷3 (0.094 + 0.00025 ∗ 𝜂𝑠 )
𝐻1 = 1.6897(0.094 + 0.00025 ∗ (359.279))
𝐻1 = 0.3106 𝑚
𝐷3
𝐻2 =
3.16 − 0.0013 ∗ 𝜂𝑠
1.6897
𝐻2 =
3.16 − 0.0013 ∗ (359.279)
𝐻2 = 0.5427 𝑚𝑚

19.56
𝐴 = 𝐷3 (1.2 − )
𝜂𝑠
19.56
𝐴 = 1.6897 (1.2 − )
359.279
𝐴 = 1.9356 𝑚

54.8
𝐵 = 1.7553 (1.1 − )
𝜂𝑠
54.8
𝐵 = 1.7553 (1.1 − )
359.279
𝐵 = 1.6631 𝑚

49.25
𝐶 = 𝐷3 (1.32 − )
𝜂𝑠
49.25
𝐶 = 1.6897 (1.32 − )
369.279
𝐶 = 2.462 𝑚
 48.8
𝐷 = 𝐷3 (1.5 − )
𝜂𝑠
48.8
𝐷 = 1.6897 (1.5 − )
359.279
𝐷 = 2.7641 𝑚

63.6
𝐸 = 𝐷3 (0.98 − )
𝜂𝑠
63.6
𝐸 = 1.6897 (0.98 − )
359.279
𝐸 = 1.955 𝑚

131.4
𝐹 = 𝐷3 (1 − )
𝜂𝑠
131.4
𝐹 = 1.6897 (1 − )
259.279
𝐹 = 2.3077 𝑚

94.5
𝐺 = 𝐷3 (0.89 − )
𝜂𝑠
94.5
𝐺 = 1.6897 (0.89 − )
359.279
𝐺 = 1.9485 𝑚

81.75
𝐻 = 𝐷3 (0.79 − )
𝜂𝑠
94.5
𝐻 = 1.6897 (0.89 − )
359.279
𝐻 = 1.7193 𝑚

𝐼 = 𝐷3 (0.1 + 0.00065 ∗ 𝜂𝑠 )
𝐼 = 1.6897(0.1 + 0.00065 ∗ (359.279))
𝐼 = 0.5636 𝑚

𝐿 = 𝐷3 (0.88 + 0.00049 ∗ 𝜂𝑠 )
𝐿 = 1.6897(0.88 + 0.00049 ∗ (359.279))
𝐿 = 1.7844 𝑚
𝑀 = 𝐷3 (0.60 + 0.00015 ∗ 𝜂𝑠 )
𝑀 = 1.6897(0.60 + 0.00015 ∗ (359.279))
𝑀 = 1.0229 𝑚

203.5
𝑁 = 𝐷3 (1.54 − )
𝜂𝑠
203.5
𝑁 = 1.6897 (1.54 − )
359.279
𝑁 = 3.5592 𝑚

140.7
𝑂 = 𝐷3 (0.83 − )
𝜂𝑠
140.7
𝑂 = 1.6897 (0.83 − )
359.279
𝑂 = 2.0642 𝑚

𝑃 = 𝐷3 (1.37 + 0.00056 ∗ 𝜂𝑠 )
𝑃 = 1.6897(1.37 + 0.00056 ∗ (359.279))
𝑃 = 2.6549 𝑚

22.6
𝑄 = 𝐷3 (0.58 − )
𝜂𝑠
22.6
𝑄 = 1.6897 (0.58 − )
359.279
𝑄 = 1.0863 𝑚

𝑅 = 𝐷3 (1.6 + 0.00013 ∗ 𝜂𝑠 )
𝑅 = 1.6897(1.6 + 0.00013 ∗ (359.279))
𝑅 = 3.4927 𝑚

𝐷3 ∗ 𝜂𝑠
𝑆=
(−9.28 + 0.25 ∗ 𝜂𝑠 )
1.6897
𝑆=
(−9.28 + 0.25 ∗ (359.279))
𝑆 = 0.0109 𝑚
 𝑇 = 𝐷3 (1.5 + 0.00019 ∗ 𝜂𝑠 )
𝑇 = 1.6897(1.5 + 0.00019 ∗ (359.279))
𝑇 = 2.6499 𝑚

𝑈 = 𝐷3 (0.51 + 0.0007 ∗ 𝜂𝑠 )
𝑈 = 1.6897(0.51 + 0.0007 ∗ (359.279))
𝑈 = 1.2867 𝑚

53.7
𝑉 = 𝐷3 (1.1 − )
𝜂𝑠
53.7
𝑉 = 1.6897 (1.1 − )
359.279
𝑉 = 2.1112 𝑚

33.8
𝑍 = 𝐷3 (2.63 − )
𝜂𝑠
33.8
𝑍 = 1.6897 (2.63 − )
359.299
𝑍 = 4.6019 𝑚

 Calculo del coeficiente de cavitación para una turbina Francis (del fabricante):
𝜎𝑐 = 7.54 × 10−5 (𝜂𝑠 )1.41
𝜎𝑐 = 7.54 × 10−5 (359.279)1.41
𝜎𝑐 = 0.30236

 Calculamos la altura de la superficie:

𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 − 𝑃𝑣𝑎𝑝
(𝐻𝑠 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = − 𝜎𝐶 𝐻𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 𝑎 20°
𝑝𝑔
101325 − 2339.2
(𝐻𝑠 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = − (83)(0.3024) 𝑃 = 2339.2 𝑃𝑎
1000(9.81)
(𝐻𝑠 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = −15.009 𝑚
 Calculamos el coeficiente de cavitación para una turbina Francis:
𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 − 𝑃𝑣𝑎𝑝
𝑝𝑔 − 𝐻𝑠
𝜎=
𝐻𝑑
101325 − 2339.2
− 15.009
1000(9.91)
𝜎=
83
𝜎 = 0.3024
Para que no exista cavitación
𝜎 > 𝜎𝑐
0.3024 > 0.30236
POR LO TANTO, NO CAVITA