Se define la matriz de rigidez en coordenadas locales para un elemento viga columna:

⎡ E E ⎤
A⋅― 0 0 −A ⋅ ― 0 0
⎢ L L ⎥
⎢ I I I I ⎥
⎢ 0 12 ⋅ E ⋅ ―― 6 ⋅ E ⋅ ―― 0 −12 ⋅ E ⋅ ――6 ⋅ E ⋅ ―― ⎥
3 2 3 2
⎢ L L L L ⎥
⎢ I I I I ⎥
0 6 ⋅ E ⋅ ―― 4 ⋅ E ⋅ ― 0 −6 ⋅ E ⋅ ―― 2 ⋅ E ⋅ ―
⎢ 2
L 2
L ⎥
L L
KL (A , E , I , L)) ≔ ⎢ ⎥
E
⎢ −A ⋅ ― E ⎥
0 0 A⋅― 0 0
⎢ L L ⎥
⎢ I I I I ⎥
0 −12 ⋅ E ⋅ ―― −6 ⋅ E ⋅ ―― 0 12 ⋅ E ⋅ ――−6 ⋅ E ⋅ ――
⎢ 3 2 3 2 ⎥
L L L L
⎢ ⎥
⎢ I I I I
0 6 ⋅ E ⋅ ―― 2 ⋅ E ⋅ ― 0 −6 ⋅ E ⋅ ―― 4 ⋅ E ⋅ ― ⎥
2 2
⎢⎣ L L L L ⎥⎦

Además, se define la matriz de rotaciones:

⎡ cos (θ) sin (θ) 0 0 0 0⎤

⎢ −sin (θ) cos (θ) 0 0 0 0⎥
⎢ 0 0 1 0 0 0⎥
T ( θ) ≔ ⎢
0 0 0 cos θ sin (θ)
( ) 0⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 −sin (θ) cos (θ) 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 0 0 0 0 1⎦

Y las funciones de forma para el elemento viga-columna:

x x
Nu1 (x , L) ≔ 1 − ― Nu2 (x , L) ≔ ―
L 2 3
L
⎛x⎞ ⎛x⎞
Nv1 (x , L) ≔ 1 − 3 ⋅ ⎜― + 2 ⎜―
⎝ L ⎟⎠ ⎝ L ⎟⎠
2
⎛ x⎞
Nv2 (x , L)) ≔ x ⋅ ⎜1 − ―
⎝ L ⎟⎠
2 3
⎛x⎞ ⎛x⎞
Nv3 (x , L) ≔ 3 ⋅ ⎜―⎟ − 2 ⋅ ⎜―
⎝L⎠ ⎝ L ⎟⎠
2
x ⎛ x⎞
Nv4 (x , L) ≔ ― ⋅ ⎜−1 + ―
L ⎝ L ⎟⎠
Se calcula la matriz de rigidez en coordenadas locales en la orientación de los elementos, la
matriz de rigidez en coordenadas locales en la orientación del sistema global, y además, la
matriz de rigidez en coordenadas globales, y tambien las cargas:

Elemento 1

4 4
-Propiedades: E ≔ 2 ⋅ 10 A ≔ 130 I ≔ 7.62 ⋅ 10

3 ⎛ −8 ⎞
-Geometría: L1 ≔ 1 ⋅ 10 α1 ≔ atan ⎜―― = −0.927
⎝ 6 ⎟⎠

-Matriz de compatibilidad:
⎡0 0 0⎤
⎢0 0 0⎥
⎢0 0 0⎥
C1 ≔ ⎢
1 0 0⎥
⎢0 0 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 1 0⎦
- Matriz local:

KL1 ≔ KL ⎛⎝A , E , I , L1⎞⎠

⎡ 2.6 ⋅ 10 3 0 0 −2.6 ⋅ 10
3
0 0 ⎤
⎢ 3 3 ⎥
⎢ 0 18.288
3
9.144 ⋅ 10
6
0 −18.288
3
9.144 ⋅ 10
6
⎥
⎢ 0 9.144 ⋅ 10 6.096 ⋅ 10 0 −9.144 ⋅ 10 3.048 ⋅ 10 ⎥
KL1 =
⎢ −2.6 ⋅ 10 3 0 0 2.6 ⋅ 10
3
0 0 ⎥
⎢ 3 3 ⎥
⎢ 0 −18.288 −9.144 ⋅ 10 0 18.288 −9.144 ⋅ 10 ⎥
3 6 3 6
⎣ 0 9.144 ⋅ 10 3.048 ⋅ 10 0 −9.144 ⋅ 10 6.096 ⋅ 10 ⎦
 -Matriz en orientacion global:

T
Kl1 ≔ T ⎛⎝α1⎞⎠ ⋅ KL1 ⋅ T ⎛⎝α1⎞⎠

⎡ 947.704 3 3 3 3⎤
−1.239 ⋅ 10 7.315 ⋅ 10 −947.704 1.239 ⋅ 10 7.315 ⋅ 10
⎢ 3 3 3 3 3 3⎥
⎢ −1.239 ⋅ 10 3 1.671 ⋅ 10 3 5.486 ⋅ 10
6
1.239 ⋅ 10
3
−1.671 ⋅ 10
3
5.486 ⋅ 10 ⎥
6
⎢ 7.315 ⋅ 10 5.486 ⋅ 10 6.096 ⋅ 10 −7.315 ⋅ 10 −5.486 ⋅ 10 3.048 ⋅ 10 ⎥
Kl1 = 3 3 3 3
⎢ −947.704 1.239 ⋅ 10 −7.315 ⋅ 10 947.704 −1.239 ⋅ 10 −7.315 ⋅ 10 ⎥
⎢ 3 3 3 3 3 3 ⎥
⎢ 1.239 ⋅ 10 − 1.671 ⋅ 10 − 5.486 ⋅ 10 − 1.239 ⋅ 10 1.671 ⋅ 10 −5.486 ⋅ 10 ⎥
3 3 6 3 3 6
⎣ 7.315 ⋅ 10 5.486 ⋅ 10 3.048 ⋅ 10 −7.315 ⋅ 10 −5.486 ⋅ 10 6.096 ⋅ 10 ⎦

-Matriz en coordenadas globales:

T
Ke1 ≔ C1 ⋅ Kl1 ⋅ C1

⎡ 947.704 −7.315 ⋅ 10 3 0 ⎤
⎢ 3 6 ⎥
Ke1 = ⎢ −7.315 ⋅ 10 6.096 ⋅ 10 0 ⎥
⎣ 0 0 0⎦

-Descomposicion de cargas (en este caso, está orientada en las coordenadas locales):

Fx1 ≔ 0 = 0

Fy1 ≔ −125 = −125

Vector de fuerzas equivalentes:

⎡ ⎛ L1 ⎞⎤
⎢ Fx1 ⋅ Nu1 ⎜―, L1⎟ ⎥
⎝ 2 ⎠
⎢ ⎥
⎛ L1 ⎞
⎢ Fy1 ⋅ Nv1 ―, L1 ⎥
⎜ ⎟
⎢ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎥ ⎡ 0 ⎤
⎢ ⎛ L1 ⎞ ⎥ ⎢ −62.5 ⎥
⎢ Fy1 ⋅ Nv2 ⎜⎝―2
, L 1⎟ ⎥ ⎢
⎠ −1.563 ⋅ 10
4 ⎥
Feq1L ≔ ⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥
⎛ L1 ⎞ 0
⎢ Fx1 ⋅ Nu2 ⎜― , L1⎟ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥ ⎢ −62.5 ⎥
4
⎢ ⎛ L1 ⎞ ⎥ ⎣ 1.563 ⋅ 10 ⎦
⎢ Fy1 ⋅ Nv3 ⎜⎝―2
, L 1⎟ ⎥
⎠
⎢ ⎛ L1 ⎞⎥
⎢ Fy1 ⋅ Nv4 ⎜―, L1⎟ ⎥
⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦

-Vector de fuerzas equivalentes en orientación globales:

⎡ 50 ⎤
⎢ −37.5 ⎥
⎢ 4 ⎥
−1.563 ⋅ 10
Feq1G ≔ T ⎛⎝α1⎞⎠ ⋅ Feq1L = ⎢ ⎥
50
⎢ ⎥
⎢ −37.5 ⎥
4
⎣ 1.563 ⋅ 10 ⎦

Elemento 2

4 4
-Propiedades: E ≔ 2 ⋅ 10 A ≔ 130 I ≔ 7.62 ⋅ 10

3
-Geometría: L2 ≔ 1.2 ⋅ 10 α2 ≔ 0 = 0

-Matriz de compatibilidad:
⎡1 0 0⎤
⎢0 0 0⎥
⎢0 1 0⎥
C2 ≔ ⎢
0 0 0⎥
⎢0 0 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 0 1⎦
 - Matriz local:

KL2 ≔ KL ⎛⎝A , E , I , L2⎞⎠

⎡ 2.167 ⋅ 10 3 0 0 −2.167 ⋅ 10
3
0 0 ⎤
⎢ 3 3 ⎥
⎢ 0 10.583 6.35 ⋅ 10 0 −10.583 6.35 ⋅ 10 ⎥
3 6 3 6
⎢ 0 6.35 ⋅ 10 5.08 ⋅ 10 0 −6.35 ⋅ 10 2.54 ⋅ 10 ⎥
KL2 =
⎢ −2.167 ⋅ 10 3 0 0 2.167 ⋅ 10
3
0 0 ⎥
⎢ 3 3 ⎥
⎢ 0 −10.583 −6.35 ⋅ 10 0 10.583 − 6.35 ⋅ 10 ⎥
3 6 3 6
⎣ 0 6.35 ⋅ 10 2.54 ⋅ 10 0 −6.35 ⋅ 10 5.08 ⋅ 10 ⎦

-Matriz en orientacion global:

T
Kl2 ≔ T ⎛⎝α2⎞⎠ ⋅ KL2 ⋅ T ⎛⎝α2⎞⎠

⎡ 2.167 ⋅ 10 3 0 0 −2.167 ⋅ 10
3
0 0 ⎤
⎢ 3 3 ⎥
⎢ 0 10.583
3
6.35 ⋅ 10
6
0 −10.583
3
6.35 ⋅ 10
6
⎥
⎢ 0 6.35 ⋅ 10 5.08 ⋅ 10 0 −6.35 ⋅ 10 2.54 ⋅ 10 ⎥
Kl2 =
⎢ −2.167 ⋅ 10 3 0 0 2.167 ⋅ 10
3
0 0 ⎥
⎢ 3 3 ⎥
⎢ 0 −10.583 − 6.35 ⋅ 10 0 10.583 − 6.35 ⋅ 10 ⎥
3 6 3 6
⎣ 0 6.35 ⋅ 10 2.54 ⋅ 10 0 −6.35 ⋅ 10 5.08 ⋅ 10 ⎦

-Matriz en coordenadas globales:

T
Ke2 ≔ C2 ⋅ Kl2 ⋅ C2

⎡ 2.167 ⋅ 10 3 0 0 ⎤
⎢ 6 6 ⎥
Ke2 = ⎢ 0 5.08 ⋅ 10 2.54 ⋅ 10 ⎥
6 6
⎣0 2.54 ⋅ 10 5.08 ⋅ 10 ⎦
-Descomposicion de cargas (en este caso, está orientada en las coordenadas locales):

px2 ≔ 0 = 0

py2 ≔ −0.24 = −0.24

Vector de fuerzas equivalentes:

⎡ L2 ⎤
⎢⌠ p ⋅ N ⎛x , L ⎞ d x ⎥
⌡ x2 u1 ⎝ 2⎠
⎢0 ⎥
⎢ L2 ⎥
⌠
⎢ py2 ⋅ Nv1 ⎛⎝x , L2⎞⎠ d x ⎥
⌡
⎢0 ⎥
⎢ L2 ⎥ ⎡ 0 ⎤
⎢ ⌠ p ⋅ N ⎛⎝x , L ⎞⎠ d x ⎥ ⎢ −144 ⎥
⎢ 0⌡
y2 v2 2
⎥ ⎢ −2.88 ⋅ 10 4 ⎥
Feq2L ≔ ⎢ L2 ⎥=⎢ 0
⎥
⎢ ⌠ p ⋅ N ⎛x , L ⎞ d x ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⌡ x2 u2 ⎝ 2⎠ −144
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 4
⎥
0
⎢ L2 ⎥ ⎣ 2.88 ⋅ 10 ⎦
⎢⌠ ⎥
⌡ py2 ⋅ Nv3 ⎛⎝x , L2⎞⎠ d x
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0L ⎥
2
⎢⌠ ⎥
⎢ ⌡ py2 ⋅ Nv4 ⎛⎝x , L2⎞⎠ d x ⎥
⎣0 ⎦

-Vector de fuerzas equivalentes en orientación globales:

⎡ 0 ⎤
⎢ −144 ⎥
⎢ 4 ⎥
−2.88 ⋅ 10
Feq2G ≔ T ⎛⎝α2⎞⎠ ⋅ Feq2L = ⎢ ⎥
0
⎢ ⎥
⎢ −144 ⎥
4
⎣ 2.88 ⋅ 10 ⎦
Ahora, se calucla la carga equivalente sobre el marco:

⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎡ 50 ⎤
Feqm ≔ −⎝1.5 ⋅ 10 ⎠ + C1 ⋅ Feq1G + C2 ⋅ Feq2G = ⎢ −2.818 ⋅ 10
⎢ ⎛ 4⎞⎥ T T 4 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 4 ⎥
⎣ 0 ⎦ ⎣ 2.88 ⋅ 10 ⎦

Se calcula la matriz de rigidez total:

⎡ 3.114 ⋅ 10 3 −7.315 ⋅ 10 3 0 ⎤
⎢ 3 7 6 ⎥
Kt ≔ Ke1 + Ke2 = ⎢ −7.315 ⋅ 10 1.118 ⋅ 10 2.54 ⋅ 10 ⎥
6 6
⎣ 0 2.54 ⋅ 10 5.08 ⋅ 10 ⎦

Se calcula el vector de desplazamientos:

⎡ 0.006 ⎤
−1
u ≔ Kt ⋅ Feqm = ⎢ −0.004 ⎥
⎢⎣ 0.008 ⎥⎦

Se calculan los esfuerzos en cada elemento sin corregir por cargas equivalentes:

⎡ −9.313 ⎤
⎢ −39.347 ⎥
⎢ 4 ⎥
−1.313 ⋅ 10
FL1 ≔ KL1 ⋅ T ⎛⎝α1⎞⎠ ⋅ C1 ⋅ u = ⎢ ⎥
9.313
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 39.347 ⎥
4
⎣ −2.622 ⋅ 10 ⎦

⎡ 12.935 ⎤
⎢ 22.368 ⎥
⎢ 3 ⎥
−1.958 ⋅ 10
FL2 ≔ KL2 ⋅ T ⎛⎝α2⎞⎠ ⋅ C2 ⋅ u = ⎢ ⎥
−12.935
⎢ ⎥
⎢ −22.368 ⎥
4
⎣ 2.88 ⋅ 10 ⎦
Se calculan los esfuerzos en cada elemento corregidas por cargas equivalentes:

⎡ −9.313 ⎤
⎢ 23.153 ⎥
⎢ 3 ⎥
2.495 ⋅ 10
FL1C ≔ FL1 − Feq1L = ⎢ ⎥
9.313
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 101.847 ⎥
4
⎣ −4.184 ⋅ 10 ⎦

⎡ 12.935 ⎤
⎢ 166.368 ⎥
⎢ 4 ⎥
FL2C ≔ FL2 − Feq2L = ⎢ 2.684 ⋅ 10 ⎥
−12.935
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 121.632 ⎥
⎣ 0 ⎦

Para calcular las reacciones, tenemos que calcular los esfuerzos corregidos al sistema de
coordenadas global

⎡ 12.935 ⎤
⎢ 21.342 ⎥
⎢ 3 ⎥
T 2.495 ⋅ 10
Fe1 ≔ T ⎛⎝α1⎞⎠ ⋅ FL1C = ⎢ ⎥
87.065
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 53.658 ⎥
4
⎣ −4.184 ⋅ 10 ⎦

⎡ 12.935 ⎤
⎢ 166.368 ⎥
T ⎢ 4 ⎥
Fe2 ≔ T ⎛⎝α2⎞⎠ ⋅ FL2C = ⎢ 2.684 ⋅ 10 ⎥
−12.935
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 121.632 ⎥
⎣ 0 ⎦
Se calculan las reacciones mediante solución (amarillos los valores de las reacciones
reales, los otros se usaron para comprobar):

Rx1 ≔ Fe1 (0) = 12.935

Ry1 ≔ Fe2 (1) = 166.368

3
Rθ1 ≔ Fe1 (2) = 2.495 ⋅ 10

Rx2 ≔ Fe1 (3) + Fe2 (0) = 100

Ry2 ≔ Fe1 (4) + Fe2 (1) = 220.026

4
Rθ2 ≔ Fe1 (5) + Fe2 (2) = −1.5 ⋅ 10

Rx3 ≔ Fe2 (3) = −12.935

Ry3 ≔ Fe2 (4) = 121.632

Rθ3 ≔ Fe2 (5) = 0