QA/QC

1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 1
2. QUALITY CONTROL ...................................................................................................................... 1
PRECISION ........................................................................................................................... 2
2.2 ACCURACY ........................................................................................................................... 2
2.3 POLLUTION .......................................................................................................................... 2
3. EVALUATION OF QUALITY CONTROL........................................................................................... 2
4. CASE BRE - X ................................................................................................................................ 3
5. QA-QC .......................................................................................................................................... 4
6. APPLICATION OF QA-QC THROUGHOUT THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS FOR RESOURCE
ESTIMATION ........................................................................................................................................ 4
6.1. QUALITY CONTROL IN DRILLING.......................................................................................... 5
6.2. QA-QC SAMPLING ............................................................................................................... 5
6.3. QA-QC GEOLOGY ................................................................................................................. 6
6.4. QA-QC LABORATORY ........................................................................................................... 6
6.5. QA-QC GRADE ..................................................................................................................... 7
6.6. QA-QC DATABASE................................................................................................................ 8
6.7. QA-QC MODELING............................................................................................................... 9
6.8. QA-QC ESTIMATION OF RESOURCES ................................................................................... 9
7. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................... 10
8. BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................................... 10
 MOQUEGUA NACIOTIONAL UNIVERSITY QA-QC

1. INTRODUCTION

The quality and control assurance are essential components of any society that Designs and
Produces, in the applications of Basic and Detail Engineering. Quality Assurance (QA) or Quality
Control (QC), QA / QC engineers are the resources that maintain the quality level of an
engineering company and its final products.

These systems have been developed in collaboration with other businesses and engineering
using what is called a multifunctional approach. QA / QC also test engineers, to guarantee the
total functionality and meet the requirements that go from possible demands of the same users.

Quality Assurance covers all these activities, design, development, production, installation,
maintenance and documentation. The motto is: "adequate to the objectives" and "doing things
right the first time". One of the most used paradigms for the management of quality control is
the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA).

2. QUALITY CONTROL

What is insurance?

Systematic and pre-established actions aimed at raising the level of confidence of an exploration
program.

And the quality control?

Routine controls followed to monitor quality and identify problems.

What is a Quality Control done for?

• To give reliability to the data obtained during the sampling.

• To validate the results of the study in the future.

• To prevent and correct possible errors.

What determines the quality of a sample?

• Representativeness at the time the sample is collected.

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• The degree of "cleanliness" of the data.

The Quality Control program consists in the systematic insertion of control samples in the
batches sent to the primary laboratory, and in the regular re-routing to the secondary laboratory
of a part of the samples already analyzed in the primary laboratory, also accompanied by control
samples . In both cases, the control samples must be prepared, packaged, numbered and sent in
such a way that their identification by the evaluated laboratories is avoided, as far as possible.

When implementing or evaluating the results of an ACC program in geological activity, it is

important to know three basic concepts, which are described succinctly below:

PRECISION
Ability to consistently reproduce a measurement under similar conditions. Its evaluation
consists of reproducing the measurement in conditions very similar to those that existed
when the original measurement was made, for example:

 Collection of duplicate samples.

 Same sampling methodology.
 Shipping to the same laboratory in the same batch of samples.
 Procedures performed by the same personnel.

2.2 ACCURACY
It measures the concordance of several results obtained by means of its average value with
the real value.

 Insertion of standard samples.

 Qualitative characteristic (low accuracy, high accuracy).

2.3 POLLUTION
Involuntary transfer of material from a sample or the surrounding medium. It is considered
as contamination when the targets show values that exceed several times the detection
limits for an element.

 Fine whites.- It allows to evaluate the contamination in the analytical process.

 Coarse whites.- It allows to evaluate the contamination in the preparation process by
using thick material> ¼ "
 These samples should be inserted after high-grade samples.

3. EVALUATION OF QUALITY CONTROL

As mentioned, the Quality Control program aims to evaluate accuracy, accuracy and
contamination, which is achieved through the regular insertion of control samples.

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Because they have different purposes, the exclusion of a particular type of control samples can
not be replaced by the inclusion of other types of samples. The evaluation of Quality Control is
done as follows:

a) PRECISION OF THE PRIMARY LABORATORY

- In the sampling, through twin samples.

- In the preparation or quartering, through thick duplicates.
- In the analysis, through duplicates of pulp.
b) PRIMARIO ACCURACY OF THE PRIMARY LABORATORY

- In the same laboratory, through the standards.

- In a secondary laboratory, through external duplicates.

c) CONTAMINATION IN THE PRIMARY LABORATORY

- During preparation, through thick white.

- During the analysis, through fine targets.

d) PRECISION, ACCURACY, CONTAMINATION IN THE SECONDARY LABORATORY

- In the control lots, by inserting duplicates, standards and fine targets in the control lots.

The principle of pattern recognition is commonly used to evaluate the results of quality
control. By preparing specialized graphics, the data is displayed and the various types of
errors are displayed. Below are some of the most frequently used evaluation methods.

4. CASE BRE - X
- The worst mining fraud in history
- Gold Deposit in Busang, Indonesia: 71 to 400 million ounces.
- Initial price of the shares: 2 Canadian dollars.
- Peak price: 275 Canadian dollars.
- The company came to have a value of 4400 million Canadian dollars (6000 millions US
dollars).

Consequences:

 Crash of the global stock markets.

 Reduction of exploration activities.
 Review of mining codes.
 New regulations, appearance of mining codes: Australia - Jorc, Canada NI-43-101, among
others.
 Start of QA-QC.
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5. QA-QC

QA -> PREVENT PROBLEMS

QC - > DETECT PROBLEMS

• Quality Assurance, whose abbreviation is "QA"; It is understood as the set of systematic and
preventive actions to ensure quality and confidence in sampling.

• Quality control is the set of activities or techniques to monitor, identify errors and perform
corrective actions during sampling and analysis.

6. APPLICATION OF QA-QC THROUGHOUT THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS FOR RESOURCE

ESTIMATION

QAQC Resource estimate

QAQC Modeling

QAQC Database

QAQC Grades

QAQC Laboratory (phisical)

QAQC Geology

QAQC Sampling

QAQC Drilling

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6.1. QUALITY CONTROL IN DRILLING

STAGE ACTIVITY QUALITY CONTROL

 Validation of recommendations  validate objective
Drilling program  Build platforms  Categorize geological
continuity
(recommendations)
 recognize exploration
target
 Pose recommendation in the  Use of topographical
field instruments
Physical stakeout of
 Trace course with geodesy  Calibration of instruments
terrain
 Personal Training
Equipment  Measurement of heading and  Installation by operator
installation inclination with topography  Checking and validation by
external topographic
equipment
Drilling  Drilling Rc  Control of design
 Drilling DDH parameters
- Sample recovery
- survey

6.2. QA-QC SAMPLING

SUMMARY OF SAMPLING ERRORS

Sampling protocol Fundamental error
optimization.
Segregation and
Small- Implementation of grouping error
the sampling Bounding error Contamination
scale
varivility protocol. Extraction error Losses

Preservation of Preparation errors Disturbance

integrity of the Humans
In time
Large- Interpretation error

scale In space
Weighting error
varivility
Periodical error

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6.3. QA-QC GEOLOGY

STAGE ACTIVITY QUALITY CONTROL

Checking, application of geotechnical Mapping procedure.
Geotechnical FF Checking, application of geotechnical quality procedure.
mapping  Cross validation (banks, surface)
 Survey by third parties.
 Discussion of lifting by team.
RQD  Application of the survey validated by equipment to the
Estr. and Geot. model.
 Mapping model management in the model.
(Lifting Report generation
records of…) PLT
Geological Litology Check, application of mapping procedures (lithology,
mapping alteration, mineral zones, structure).
Check, application of quality procedures (lithology,
Alteration alteration, mineral zones, structures).
 Validations in the field with the team
(Lifting  (Cross validation banks, surface, PT) lifting by third
records of…) Mineral parties
Zone  Discussion of lifting by team
 Application of the survey validated by equipment to
the model.
 Mapping model management in the model.
Estructure Report generation

6.4. QA-QC LABORATORY

STAGE ACTIVITY QUALITY CONTROL

Protocols Sample crushing  Duplicate terrain (≤ 30% error)
Preparation  Thick blanks (≤ 3-5 times LD)
(production of analytically  Granulometric check
homogeneous sub-samples)
Protocols Spraying samples
Preparation  Duplicate of thickness (≤ 20%
(production of analytically error)
homogeneous sub-samples)  Granulometric check

Protocols Insertion of internal  Estándar

Analysis controls  Duplicates

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6.5. QA-QC GRADE

Evaluation of the tonnage of ore and the grades of the elements or useful materials present
in a deposit of mineral raw material.

STAGE ACTIVITY QUALITY COTROL

Standard control Selection of Generation of standard graphics (accuracy).
(in situ or standard • Control graphics with mean and confidence
comercial) samples, within limits.
It is measured the batch of • Cumulative sum graphics versus time.
based on the value results • Results and analysis graphics versus time.
of the bias • Generation of duplicate graphics (precision).
Duplicate control Generation of duplicate graphics (precision).
(pulp) Selection of • Basic statistics.
It must not exceed grade samples, • Scatter clouds.
more than 10% duplicated within • Quantile vs. quantile graphics (q-q plot)
error the batch of • Regression.
results. • Media comparison test: Student's T.
• Calculation of relative variance between
pairs.
• Total relative error% calculation.
• Calculation of absolute relative difference
between pairs.
• Calculation of relative differences.
White control Selection of Generation of white graphics (pollution)
(fine) grade samples, • grade graphs vs. sample number
they should not white, within the • Graph law vs. number of previous simple.
exceed more than batch of results.
3-5 times DL.
Selection of 5 - Generation of duplicate graphics
External check 10% analysis • Basic statistics.
• Scatter clouds.
• Quantile vs. quantile graphics (q-q plot)
• Regression.

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6.6. QA-QC DATABASE

STAGE ACTIVITY (checking of….) QUALITY CONTROL

Drillings Original data vs database. Change of
recommendations. database according
to original signed
record
Survey topographic Original data (2-3 contractors) vs Change of
coordinate database. database according
certificate to original signed
record
Regularization Original data (Recovery, FF, angles) vs Change of
report database. database according
to original signed
record
Contractor report Original data vs database. Change of
database according
to original signed
record
Drill report Original data vs database. Change of
database according
to original signed
record
Certificate of Original data (Dip> 0 and azimuth Change of
deviations between 0 - 360 °, check which database according
catheters with survey have collar) vs to original signed
database (at least 10% duplicates) record
Certificate of Original data (Limits of detection that Change of
geochemical the FROM is not equal to the TO, database according
analysis check reported minimum values is to original signed
adjusted to LD) vs database. record
Geological and Original worksheets delivered by the Change of
geotechnical geologist (drilling funds, FROM-TO, database according
logging geoscodes, RQD recoveries) vs to original signed
database record
Density certificates Original data vs database. Change of
database according
to original signed
record

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6.7. QA-QC MODELING

Generating conceptual geological

model

6.8. QA-QC ESTIMATION OF RESOURCES

Sources of information for resource estimation

• Topographic data (surface, collars, deviation)

• Geophysical data (aerial and terrestrial methods, carotaje)
• Geological mapping (surface, mining works)
• Logging (drilling, trenches, mining works)
• Sampling (drilling, trenches, mining works)
• Laboratory analysis (laws, density)

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7. CONCLUSIONS

 The Quality Control program consists in the systematic insertion of control samples in the
batches sent to the laboratory.
 It is important to insist that the various elements evaluated during Quality Control are
independent of each other. Each type of control sample has a special purpose, and the
exclusion of a particular type of control sample can not be supplemented by the inclusion
of another type of sample.
 Every company, production unit, project or prospect of exploration must have a Sampling
Protocol (SP) duly approved and disseminated.
 The sampling teams are adjusted to the best and most qualified human resources and
implement training programs.

8. BIBLIOGRAPHY

 https://www.convencionminera.com/perumin32/doc/conferencias/tecnologia/jvelez.pdf
 file:///C:/Users/CARLA/Downloads/05%20-%20Desarrollo%20Global%20de%20QAQC%20-
%20J%20Bonilla%20-%20S%20Collipal%20-%20Kinross.pdf
 https://es.scribd.com/document/291516008/Qa-y-Qc-en-La-Industria-Minera
 https://prezi.com/ls79h4prgxs9/qa-qc-en-la-exploracion-geologica-de-metales/
 https://es.scribd.com/doc/173645819/012-QA-QC

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