Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
9
9
450
9
9
!9
"7
9
9
#9
*+,-./01.021-3435/06,/07,89:40;<=>0?0@0A8.BC/D,401.0E3:F:B3,0G8.,402H*
I
JKLMLNOPQ
RSTUVWXYZY[\
]9
^_
9
9`
]9
a9
#9Q
I
bcdNefgPIfhIijQ
dk Ilmn
sovl opqoI
rmn rstl
k
rI|
|uIvoIsrnoplrkIwomxnlquIomnpoItrqnoplryIyoIzpuv{qo
|
}~Q
Q
~Q Q
Q
~QQ
~Q
Q
~Q
Q
Q Q
coyuk{qlmQ
¡¢££¢¤Q
QQ
Q¥Q¦
QQ
§Q
Q
Q
Q¨QQQQ¦Q
Q©
¦
Q
Q
QQ
QQ
QQQQ
Q
ª¢«¬¡¡®¤¯°¢±²¡³¢Q
´
Q
QQ
¦QQ
QQ
QµQ
Q
Q
Q
QQ¶
§Q
QQ
·
QQ
Q©QQ·
Q
Q
¨Q
Q
Q
Q¨¸
QQQ¦
Q
Q¹Q
QQ¨QQ
QµQQ
QQ
Q
¦
§QQ
Q
Q
Q
QµQQQ¶§Q©Q
Q
§QQ
Q
¦
QQ
·
Q
QQ
coyz{oynrQ
Q
Q Q
Q
bcdNefgPIfhIiº
dk
p Isop
okrqllynosuI»{oI
umrvuIq yoIIq
umIok omqp{omn
Q
oql
slprI
omI
omn kuyumwl
uIk Io¼nnp{vl
osuyIIvoIk
mrkvoIkryIprIzk
r½qoyrmn
I¾Inr¿
rk
kuyo¿
Iy
vomusl
Q
mrQ
}~Q
Q
~Q
Q
~Q
Q
~Q
~Q¦
Q
Q Q
coyuk{qlm
À¡±£¬ Q£¯Á¯±¬
Q
Q
§QQQQQ
¦
QQQÃQQ
ÄQÅQ¥Q
ÄÄQÅQ
Q
Q
ª¢«¬¡¡®¤¯°¢±²¡³¢Q
´QQ¥QQ
·
QQQµ
QQ
QQ©QQ
QQQ¦
Q
QÅQ¥Q
QQQ
Q
ÆQ
QQ©
Q
§Q
Q©Q
ÇQQQQ
Q
Q
Q
QQQ
Q
QÅQ¥Q
QQQ
Q
ÆQ
QQQ
QÈQ©Q
Q
Q
Q
QQQQQ
coyz{oynrQ
I Q
$%&22'9('%(
2450)205289
9
9
9450($
02
012324506 789
9
9
450
9
9
!9
"7
9
9
#9
*
+,-./012*03*45
-7
DB>?*89<EF
:;<= 6
<*:*
= >?
<* :7@A?;:*
C<E:B? B<C?
ED*
HHH DEF<*<7*;GD7*<7*;D9>:E:*9<A9<=D*D7*B<C?:
IJ6KLMLNOPMQNRNS 6
TJ6UQNVRUWXRYP6X6QZ[ZWUS6
\J6]Z[XYZRNRNS
^J6_QNPRMURKRX6WXRYPS6
`J6_QNWaRPWXRYPS6
6
,<=:7G;?@Eb6
cdefghijklmnhojmpdmqrsejkmnh6
tLN6QZQaQPMLN6u[OaRXLN6XLaL6QZ6XWUvLPLw6xR_UY]QPLw6LyO]QPL6z6PRMUY]QPL6NLP6RaVLUMWPMQN6QP6QZ6NQU6{R{Lw6V[QN6XLPNMRM[zQP
a|N6_QZ6}~66_Q6N[6VQNLS6`NMLN6vRLQZQaQPMLN6VWNWP6WZMQUPWMR{WaQPMQ6_Q6ZW6aWMQURW6LU]|PRXW6W6ZW6RPLU]|PRXWw6UQXLUURQP_L
XRUX[RMLN6a|N6L6aQPLN6XLaVZQLN6ZZWaW_LN6XRXZLN6vRL]QLu[OaRXLNS6`yRNMQP6_LN6MRVLN6_Q6XRXZLN6ZLN6]WNQLNLN6XWUvLPLw
PRMUY]QPLJ6z6NQ_RaQPMWURLN6KYNKLULJS
ljnjnhhfpredfkjg 6
6
`Z6XRXZL6_QZ6XWUvLPL6QN6]WNQLNLw6zW6u[Q6ZW6UQNQU{W6K[P_WaQPMWZ6QN6ZW6WMaYNKQUWS6^[UWPMQ6QNMQ6XRXZLw6QZ6]WN6XWUvYPRXL6\J6QN
KRW_L6VLU6ZLN6LU]WPRNaLN6W[MLMUYKLN6aQ_RWPMQ6QZ6VULXQNL6KLMLNRPMMRXL6z6UQ]UQNW6W6ZW6WMaYNKQUW6]UWXRWN6WZ6VULXQNL6_Q6ZW
UQNVRUWXRYP6XQZ[ZWUS
,<=8G<=FDb6UQNVRU6WXRYP6XQZ[ZWU6
6
6
+,-./012*03*46
-E*
8G9<7*;:E*;
D*; 9G;<*C<*
D9D;GED*
F<9 87
<= DEFD*
*C:B? C?<=
EDEF >9?*7
CD*<F
:=*F
?<9:;*C<*ADB<F
8:= ?A:FD*;:E*:=
:F*8D9
9D*C<*7E<D
D*; DCD
89
6
:A<E? F
:9*=<9E*
9<=8<;F?
DB<EF < 6
IJ66z6S
TJ66z6S6
\J66z6S6
^J66z6S6
`J66z6S6
6 6
,<=:7G;?@Eb6
cdefghdjkf6
`yRNMQP6_LN6KLUaWN6VWUW6xWZZWU6QZ6PaQUL6_Q6]WaQMLN6_Q6[P6RP_R{R_[L6WZ6MUWvWWU6XLP6_LN6XWUWXMQUONMRXWN6
6LUaWU6VWUQWN6_Q6WZQZLN6_QZ6]QPLMRVL6_W_LS6
6IVZRXWU6ZW6KYUa[ZW6
6
P66^LP_Q6P6PaQUL6_Q6XWUWXMQUONMRXWN6
6
ljnjnhhfpredfkjhljkfemnhlfherlf
R6u[QUQaLN6xWZZWU6ZLN6]WaQMLN6MLMWZQNw6NQ6XLPNR_QUWP6 6ML_WN6ZWN6XWUWXMQUONMRXWNS
R6u[QUQaLN6xWZZWU6QZ6PaQUL6_Q6]WaQMLN6_RNMRPMLNw6NLZL6NQ6XLPNR_QUWP6ZWN6XWUWX6MQUONMRXWN6u[Q6MQP]WP6]QPLMRVL6xOvUR_LS6
6
ZWPMW6_RxOvUR_W6666666666666666666666666666 ZWPMW6ZOPQW6V[UW6_LaRPWPMQ
6IWTv6P66666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666IITT6 6
6
P66666]WaQMLN6_RNMRPMLN6666666666666P66¡6PL6xWz6xOvUR_LNJ6
6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666P66¡666]WaQML6 6
,<=8G<=FDb66z6S
6 6
6
+,-./012*03*44
-E*
GE*>? FDF*¢G<*
E:*D*=?C:*89
6 <?
DB<EF <*:; G8DC:*8:9 *
:9ADE?
=B: *
;DB>?:*<E*7D*;:B8:=?;?@E*C<*<=8<;?<=*<E*<7*F?<B8:*=<*C<E:B?ED*HHH6<7
6
IJ6_QNQu[RZRvURL6QXLZY]RXLS
TJ6N[XQNRYP6VURaWURWS6 6
\J6N[XQNRYP6Q{LZ[MR{WS6
$%&22'9('%(
2450)205289
9
9
9450($
42
012324506 789
9
9
450
9
9
!9
"7
9
9
#9
+,-./01234-45.67/8549
:,-46.542;<-45.6<=/82/9-
- -
>?@ABCDEFGH-
IJKLMNOPQRQSTL
- ./-.3<424W5-5<-6</-45825-=5-./01234-X65-45-Y83=6.5<-5<-734-5.3424W50/4-/-W8/Z[4-=57-W250Y3\-5<-]380/
U/-46.542;<-5.37;V2
Y85Z242175-^-3825<W/=/-/-6</-.258W/-=285..2;<9
_G`BE@E@abacdeCf?GgcDEFG- -
U/-46.542;<-5.37;V2./-Y65=5-458-5Z376W2Z/\-Y820/h82/-^-45.6<=/82/9-
i-jklmnopkqr-s.6885-.6/<=3-734-38V/<24034-Y83Z25<5<-=57-/V6/-^-Y6517/<-7/-t2588/9-
uvwxpyqxpqr-z5-Y83=6.5-5<-6<-{|12W/W-X65-<3-{/-42=3-Y85Z2/05<W5-3.6Y/=3-3-=3<=5-7/-]738/-^-7/-]/6</-Y855}24W5<W54-{/<
=54/Y/85.2=3-Y38-/7V~<-/.3<W5.2025<W3-V537;V2.39-
uvnqxpq9-z5-Y83=6.5-.6/<=3-45-.3<4W2W6^5-6<-5.3424W50/-/-Y/8W28-=5-3W83-Y855}24W5<W5-X65-{/-42=3-=54W862=3-Y38
2<.5<=23\-2<6<=/.2;<\-W/7/4\-5W.[W58/9
>?@C?@gcH-46.542;<-Y820/82/9 -
- -
-
>_aa-
A@
ad?DCd@A@aEABFeEDA@a?GaBA@acdC?@aGcDEAGcB?@a@AGaDAG@E?dcA@
-80/<5<W549
,-Y5
,-W50Y38/7549--
,-W/<V217549-
+,-Y585<<549-
:,-2<W/<V217549-
-
>?@ABCDEFGH-
IJKLMNJL-NLLRJNQJSLNQNJRNOLQ-
:7-58~-54-.3<42=58/=3-6<3-=5-734-Y/ 454-.3<-0/^38-12 -3=2Z5842=/=-/-<2Z57-06<=2/79-38-W/7-03W2Z3\-57-:4W/=3-Y586/<3-.85/-57
z24W50/-¡/.23</7-=5-¢85/4-¡/W68/754-83W5V2=/4-Y38-57-:4W/=3-£z2</<Y5,\-57-.6/7-]305<W/-7/-Y83W5..2;<-=5-7/-82X65¤/-1237;V2./
</W68/79-:<W85-7/4-Y82<.2Y/754-|85/4-</W68/754-45-05<.23</<-734-Y/8X654-</.23</754\-7/4-85458Z/4-</.23</754\-734-4/<W6/8234
</.23</754\-734-4/<W6/8234-{24W;82.34\-5W.[W58/9
¥¦RN§NLSKJLP¨MN -
-
U34-Y/8X654-</.23</754-43<-|85/4-=54W2</=/4-/-7/-Y83W5..2;<-=5-7/4-/43.2/.23<54-</W68/754-=5-]738/-^-]/6</-427Z54W85\-/4 -.303
=5-46-15775¤/-Y/24/© 4W2./9-z3<-=5-./8|.W58-2<W/<V2175\-54-=5.28\-<3-45-Y65=5<-6W272¤/8-3-5}W8/58-=285.W/05<W5-464-85.684349-U34
Y/8X654-</.23</754-45-./8/.W582¤/<-Y38-46-V8/<-5}W5<42;<-W5882W382/7-^-Y38X65-Y83W5V5<-/-Z/8234-5.3424W50/49-:<W85-734
Y82<.2Y/754-Y/8X654-</.23</754-W5<5034-/-6W58Z3-£/©/0/8./,\-t2<V3-ª/8 /-£«6|<6.3,\-ª/<6-£64.3-^-ª/=85-=5-+234,\
«6/4./8|<-£¢<./4{,\-58834-=5-03W/Y5-£t60154-^-268/,\-¬ 3-12453-£z/<-ª/8W <,\-/</.{/V/-{50277[<-£/4.3,\-/{6/©/
z3<5<5-£ª/=85-=5-+234-^-6<3,\-38=27758/-¤67-£z/<-ª/8W <\-U385W3\-®./^/72-^-ª/=85-=5-+234,\-sW24{2-£¯6< <-^-64.3,\-7W3
6864-£®./^/72,-^-38=27758/-=57-;<=38-£0/¤3</4,9-
>?@C?@gcH-2<W/<V217549-
-
-
>_aa
°AGad
µ?d ?@?D
c?dA@g¶AacB
a ·¸a af±g
Aa³
cB@AAaD
-
A@a
¶¹¸Eba
a?Gg²³EDC?a
fcd A´aEBGE
ca@C?a@
?D EaB
C?GDE A@
caDa?GCGD
Add
?Dg EcA@a@AG
c
- -
£-,-U/4-31458Z/.23<54-=515<-458-85V24W8/=/4-.3<-5}/.W2W6=9
£-,-U/-{2Y;W5424-54-6</-Y342175-854Y654W/-/-6</-Y85V6<W/9-
£-,-U/-5}Y58205<W/.2;<-54-7/-]38067/.2;<-=5-7/-W538 /9 -
£-,-U34-85467W/=34-31W5<2=34-4250Y85-.3<]280/<-7/-{2Y;W - 54249
£-,-U/-W538 /-54-6</-5}Y72./.2;<-=5-V8/<-.3<]2/1272=/=9- -
-
,-º»»»º-
,-»º»º»-
,-ºº»»º
+,-»»ºº»-
:,-º»º»º-
- -
>?@ABCDEFGH
IJKLMN¼QP - P¨NLNRLN½QRQSTL
-
$%&22'9('%(
2450)205289
9
9
9450($
*2
012324506 789
9
9
450
9
9
!9
"7
9
9
#9
*+,-./010,2345/67320,48,4+,9:02480,;<4,83=<4,/010,35>48/3=?10:,9?:?,++4=?:,?,<5,205023-345/0@,8<A4/0,?,+08,9:35239308
48942673208,14+,:?B05?-345/0C
DEFGHIHIJKJLMNOPQERLSHTEU,,
V08,9?808,14+,-./010,2345/67320,805,+08,83=<345/48W,
X,YZ84:>?23[5C,*8,+?,?2/3>31?1,45,+?,;<4,84,?9+32?5@,?/45/?-45/4@,+08,845/3108,?,<5,0ZA4/0,;<4,14Z4,84:,:4=38/:?10,205
4\?2/3/<1C
X,]39[/4838,C,^05838/4,45,4+?Z0:?:,<5?,4\9+32?23[5,9:0>38305?+,14,+08,_42_08,0Z84:>?108,`,8<8,9083Z+48,2?<8?8C,
X,*\94:3-45/?23[5C,*8,+?,9:<4Z?,2345/6732?,14,<5?,_39[/4838,;<4,9<414,0,50,84:,20573:-?1?C,
X,^052+<830548,`,/40:6?C,V?,2052+<83[5,48,+?,3570:-?23[5,;<4,84,0Z/3454,14,<5,4\94:3-45/0C,a3,84,20573:-?5,+?8,2052+<830548@
84,2052+<`4,;<4,+?,_39[/4838,48,>b+31?C,
V?,/40:6?,48,+?,4\9+32?23[5,14,<5,745[-4 50,;<4,/3454,<5,?+/0,=:?10,14,20573?Z3+31?1c,835,4-Z?:=0@,+?8,/40:6?8,2345/6732?8
9<4145,2?-Z3?:C
dQIeOQIRLUJffg,gf,
,
,
hdijklmDJlnJopq
iEJGrIJsQGQSsrItJGLJPQHrIHIJIQJeMruOSQJvvvvv
,
wx,1<:?5/4,+?,7?84,4890:076/32?C ,
,
yx,?5/48,14,+?,7?84,4890:076/32?C
^x,1<:?5/4,+?,7?84,=?-4/076/32?C,
zx,1489<.8,14,+?,7?84,4890:076/32,?C
*x,1489<.8,14,+?,7?84,=?-4/076/32?C,,
,
dQIrGOSHTEU,
{|}~
~,
V?8,9+?5/?8,9:4845/?5,<5?,?+/4:5?523?,14,=454:?230548,45/:4,+?,7?84,4890:076/32?,`,+?,7?84,=?-4/076/32?C,V?,7?84,=?-4/076/32?
9:410-35?,45,+?8,Z:3073/?8@,-345/:?8,;<4,+?,7?84,4890:076/32?,9:410-35?,45,+?8,9/4:31073/?8@,205374:073/?8,`,?5/073/?8C,
DEFGHIHIJKJLMNOPQERLSHTEUJ
V?8,9/4:31073/?8,48/b5,:49:484,5/?1?8,90:,+08,_4+42_08@,2<`0,232+0,>3/?+,48,4+,83=<345/4C,
,
,
dQIeOQIRLUJuOMLERQJGLJLIQJQIerMrRHSLv,
,
,
hdijklmDJlnJop,
LJR
OG rM
EQM R
ONLJ
LG S
QJIMHQSsLM
JQG LeL
JiIRLG JQIJOELJQI
LurJeQM eQS
OLErJuQS H
QJuQS
HerEuQM
uHQMLJeMG
LM
rRLuLJQEJI
QNQMGrJ
LJeLMHR
OLS
LJG HTE
OQNr
OI
,
LMGLJ
SrPrJ OMIrJ H
PQER H
SHrt
JSrM
MQI LJsLSQM
G QEJv
vvv
,
wx,<5,8?5/<?:30,_38/[:320C
yx,<5,8?5/<?:30,5?2305?+C,
^x,<5?,:484:>?,5?2305?+C,
zx,<5,9?:;<4,5?2305?+C ,
*x,<5?,b:4?,:484:>?1?C,
, ,
dQIrGOSHTEU,
{|}~~,
V?,9:402<9?23[5,14,-<2_08,9?6848,90:,9:0/4=4:,14/4:-35?1?8,B05?8,5?/<:?+48,A<5/0,205,+?,7+0:?,`,7?<5?,?,205++4>?10,?,+?
2:4?23[5,14,<531?148,14,20584:>?23[5C,
~}|
~
,
V?8,:484:>?8,5?2305?+48,805,b:4?8,14,9:0/4223[5,148/35?1?8,?,+?,20584:>?23[5,14,+?,13>4:831?1,Z30+[=32?,`,+?,</3+3B?23[5
$%&22'9('%(
2450)205289
9
9
9450($
)2
012324506 789
9
9
450
9
9
!9
"7
9
9
#9
*+*,-./01-23-21+*24-564*+*23-271+48292786.82*/1:-*,4-;2-.218*2<6-2*-2=-4>/,-2-128=4+:-5?8>/-.,+23-24-564*+*2*+1+2=+42-12@*,83+;
08A+2=18.-*23-2>8.-A+*25+.,4+183+*292*6=-4:/*83+*B2C+42-A->=1+;2-1258*+23-26.82-*=-5/-2=4+,-D/382<6-2-12@*,83+2-.27+4>8
*+*,-./01-2925+.,4+183823-5/3826*84182=848218281/>-.,85/E.B
FGHIJGHKLM26.824-*-4:82.85/+.81B2 2
2
2
NFOPQRSTURVUWXY2
FGH
Z [` `IGZ
GZ K K[UL\
[ULc b` UH
aL` ]^_`[aGU_GUb^aJ^[_GcbZbG^ZbLUL_dJb`b_LUefghTijUGH
2/46*;25+.+5/3+25+>+2lkmB
kB2@128D-.,-2586*812-*26.24-,4+:
kkB2@128D-.,-2586*8128,85828218*25n1618*2=18*>o,/58*23-12*/2*,->82/.>6.+1ED/5+B2
kkkB2p+*21/.7+5/,+*2q286r/1/84-*25+3/7/58.2182,48.*54/=,8*824-:-4*8B
st2*+1+2kk22222222ut2*+1+2k22222222vt2*+1+2kkk22222222wt2k292kkk22222222@t2k2292kk2
2
FGH[\JZbx^M
yz{|}~
2|
p+*2:/46*2*+.28*+5 2/85/+.-*2*6=48>+1-56184-*27+4>83+*2=+42o5/3+2.651-/5+2sw2+2st292=4+,-.8*B2C4-*-.,8.26.2-*,83+
-r,485-161842/.85,/:+2926.2-*,83+2/.,485-16184285,/:+;2-.2-*,-21,/>+2-12:/46*26,/1/82182>8<6/.84/82-./>o,/5823-21825n1618
?+*=-3-482=8482=+3-424-=1/584*-B2@12lkm2:/46*23-2182/.>6.+3-7/5/-.5/82?6>8.8t28,858;2-*=-5/81>-.,-;218*25n1618*23-12*/*,->8
/.>6.+1ED/5+2?6>8.+2118>838*21/.7+5/,+*2?-1=-42+2q286r/1/84-*B2
~~|{z|2
gU[``GZK[2
-21-25+.+5-25+>+24-,4+:/46*2=+4<6-2=4-*-.,826.82-./>823-.+>/.8382,48.*54/=,8*824-:-4*8;218256812*/.,-,/82sw282=84,/4
3-12s2:/481B2
@*,-2=4+5-*+2*-23-.+>/.824-,4+,48.*54/=5/E.B2
ggUg^Z[``GZK[2
@12lkm28,858218*25n1618*2<6-2,-.D8.24-5-=,+4-*2vw2-.2*62>->048.825-161842=+42-A->=1+;21+*21/.7+5/,+*2q286r/1/84-*;21+*
>+.+5/,+*;2-,5n,-48B2kkkB2k.5+44-5,+
p82-./>82,48.*54/=,8*824-:-4*8;2118>8 2 3824-,4+,48.*54/=,8*82*-2-.56-.,482-.2-12:/46*2lkmB2@*,82-./>823/4/D-2182*.,-*/*23-1
sw282=84,/423-12s2:/481B
FGHIJGHKLMU*+1+2k2 2
2
2
¡ ¢¡£¤£¥ ¦ §¨©ª¤ «¬® ¯ °
±¨²³´¤ ¡ µ£ª¶ª²·
¸¨¤ ¢¹ º9
»¼
9
9½
º9
¾9
#9
¿
$%&22'9('%(
2450)205289
9
9
9450($
2