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1. (a) Let a, b > 0 and let a point of mass m move along the curve in
R3 defined by c(t) = (a cos t, b sin t, t2 ). Describe the curve and
find the tangent line at t = π.
x2 y2
+ = 1,
a2 b2
where 0 < a < b, in terms of E(z).
1
cos θ$n$ · $ − ∇f (1, 1, 1)$ = $ − ∇f (1, 1, 1)$.
2
Thus, cos θ = 1/2, so θ = π/3. Therefore, the directions are
those that make an angle of π/3 with the vector (−2, 2, 1); that
is, a cone centered on the vector (−2, 2, 1) with a base angle of
2π/3. !
∂f ∂f
P = sin (xy) and Q = sin (xy)
∂x ∂y
We have
∂Q ∂f ∂2f
= y cos xy + sin (xy)
∂x ∂y ∂x∂y
and
∂P ∂f ∂2f
= x cos xy + sin (xy) .
∂y ∂x ∂x∂y
The terms containing second derivatives of f cancel, so one gets
the desired result. !
f (x, y, z) = exp [z 2 − 2y 2 + x2 ],
g1 (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 , g2 (x, y, z) = z 2 − x2 − y 2 .
132 Practice Final Examination Solutions
g1 (x, y, u, v) = x2 + y 2 − 1 = 0
and
g2 (x, y, u, v) = u + v − 4 = 0.
The Lagrange multiplier method gives
g1 = 0
g2 = 0
∇f = λ1 ∇g1 + λ2 ∇g2 ,
x2 + y 2 = 1
u+v=4
2(x − u) = 2λ1 x
2(y − v) = 2λ1 y
−2(x − u) = λ2
−2(y − v) = λ2 .
and '# √ $2
$2 #√
2 2 √
d2 = −2 − 2 = 2 2 − 1. +
2 2
√
Thus, the minimum distance is 2 2 − 1. !
Solution. Evaluate
!!!
x dx dy dz,
D
where D is the tetrahedron with vertices
# $
1
(0, 0, 0), (1, 0, 0), (0, 2, 0), 0, 0, . !
2
div(∇f × ∇g) = 0.
F × G = (x, y, z).
Solution. This is false. By part (a), the left side has zero di-
vergence, but the right side clearly does not (its divergence is
3). !
S1 = {(x, y, 0) | x2 + y 2 ≤ 1},
S2 = {(x, y, z) | x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1, z ≥ 0},
x = r cos θ sin φ
y = r sin θ sin φ
z = r cos φ,
with
r ∈ [0, ∞), φ ∈ [0, π), θ ∈ [−π, π).
Practice Final Examination Solutions 137
(b) Find the flux of the vector field F = (x3 − 3x)i + (y 3 + xy)j +
(z 3 − xz)k out of the region W.
F(x, y, z) = i + j + z(x2 + y 2 )2 k,
Here,
∂ ∂ ∂
div F = (1) + (1) + z(x2 + y 2 )2 = (x2 + y 2 )2 .
∂x ∂y ∂z
The region W is a cylinder, so it is the easiest to evaluate the
integral in cylindrical coordinates:
! 1 ! 2π ! 1
2π π
r · (r2 )2 dr dθ dz = = . !
0 0 0 6 3
(b) Evaluate
!!!
(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )1/2 exp [(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )2 ] dx dy dz,
D
where
" D is the region defined by 1 ≤ x + y + z ≤ 4 and
2 2 2
z ≥ x +y .
2 2
xi + xj
F(r) = r
is the gradient of f (r) = $r$2 /2, yet its flux out of the unit
sphere is, either by direct evaluation of the surface integral, or
by the divergence theorem, 4π. !
∂Q ∂f ∂2f
= yexy + exy
∂x ∂y ∂x∂y
∂P ∂f ∂2f
= xexy + exy .
∂y ∂x ∂y∂x
x2 + y 2 ≤ 1, z ≥ 0, and x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 4.
However,
1
V (cone with the flat top) = Area of base times height
3 √
1 √ π 3
= π 3= .
3 3
Therefore, √ √
16π 8π 3 π 3
V (cap) = − −
3 3 3
and finally,
√ √ √
16π 8π 3 π 3 3π 3
V (W ) = − − +
3 3√ 3 3
16π 6π 3 2π √
= − = (8 − 3 3).
3 3 3
144 Practice Final Examination Solutions
(b) Find the flux of the vector field F = (2x − 3xy)i − yj + 3yzk out
of the region W.
H = (z − y, 0, y).
The End