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How Many Bonds to form to become stable?

Formation of methane Molecule-How many bonds can carbon atom make?

Electron from Electron from


C atom H atom

Four H atoms form covalent


bonds with the C atom.

C atom: has four valence


electrons and so it has an
unfilled valence shell.
CH4 molecule: by sharing
electrons, each atom now
has a filled valence shell.

Table 5.1 Number of Covalent Bonds Nonmetal Atoms Usually Form

Group number 1 14 15 16 17

Nonmetal element H C N O F
Si P S Cl
Br
I

Number of 1 4 5 6 7
valence electrons

Number of electrons 1 4 3 2 1 This is the number


needed to achieve of bonds an atom
octet (duet for H) of the element
usually forms.

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