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Introduction
Computational Modelling is :
• “The application of numerical approximation methods and
computers to the solution of problems in Engineering and
Applied Sciences” - O. Zienkiewicz
Be able to,
• Confront common and realistic engineering problems
• Extract relevant governing physics
• Create and solve models
• Analyse results
• Extract conclusions
• Propose improvements to the initial design, point out the
cause of failure, …
Cost effective
PRINCIPIA, SA
Complements experiments
Crucial technology at the design stage
Identifies:
• Suitable materials
• Product performance
• Process conditions
Cost of Quality
$1,000,000
• Warranty liabilities due
to field failures, redesign,
rework and scrap costs.
$100,000
$10,000
$1,000
Design Prototype Production Field
Mechanics:
• Theoretical: fundamental laws and principles
Branches:
• Nanomechanics: atoms, molecules, cells,…
REAL WORLD
PROBLEMS
Engineering Mathematics
Physics
Computing
(Hardware)
(Software)
POST-PROCESS
Interpretation/
Prediction/
Decision
POST-PROCESS
Interpretation/
Prediction/
Decision
Type of method
• Finite differences
• Finite elements
• Boundary elements
• Finite volumes
• Meshless methods
POST-PROCESS
- ∇ ⋅ σ (u) = f in Ω
Quasi-static: external forces or material properties may be
time-dependent, but no inertial forces (no time-derivatives).
∂ 2u ∂u
β 2 +α + Lu = f u ∈ Ω x [0, ∞[
∂t ∂t
Linear
• Cause-effect proportionality
• If the applied forced are doubled, then, displacements and
internal stresses are doubled.
• The solution of the discretised problem is found by solving a
system of linear equations:
Ku=f
Non-linear
• All remaining cases…
• The solution of the discretized problem is found by solving a
non-linear equation:
g(u,u,…)=f or K(u)u=f
.
Equilibrium:
Fourier’s law:
…after impact
Idealization
Complicated 3D geometries
Different materials:
-plastics, active carbons,,
-air cavities
-foams ...
convection-difussion-reaction equation
Computational Mechanics Tools
Convection-diffusion-reaction equation
models adsorption/desorption
couples local and global levels
• Reaction term
is nonlinear:
Emission term
Pressure distribution
Pressure distribution
(use of alerón)
Computational Mechanics Tools
Whole vehicle. Computational Mesh