3.

1 Elements, Number of Elements, Empty Sets and Equal Sets

 ∈ means ‘is an element of’

 ∉ means ‘not an element of’
 n(A) denotes the number of elements of in set A
 { } or ∅ denotes an empty set or null set
 = denotes an equality between 2 sets where both sets have the same elements in them

3.2 Subsets, Universal Sets and Complement of a Set

 ⊂ denotes subsets
 2n is number of subsets
 ξ denotes universal set
 ‘ denotes the complement of a set

3.2 Intersection of Sets, Union of Sets and combined Operation on Sets

 ∩ denotes an intersection of two or more sets where its elements are common between one
set to another
 ∪ denotes union of sets where A ∪ B is the set of elements that belong to A or B or both

1. Set S = {Factors of 8}. Find n(s). Set S = {Faktor bagi 8}. Cari n(S)

2. List out all the subsets for set F = {2, 4, 6, 8}. Senaraikan semua subset bagi set F = {2, 4, 6, 8}

3. It is given that the universal set, ξ = {x: 10 ≤ x ≤ 20, x is an integer} and set K= {odd numbers}. Find
the numbers of subset for set K.
Diberi set semesta ξ = { x: 10 ≤ x ≤ 20, x ialah integer } dan set K = {nombor ganjil}. Cari bilangan
subset bagi set K

4. It is given that the universal set, ξ = {20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27} and set G= {multiples of 5}. Find
the complement of G.
Diberi set semesta ξ = {20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27} dan set G = {gandaan bagi 5}. Cari pelengkap
bagi set G

5. It is given that the universal set, ξ = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, I, j}, A= {consonants} and B = {vowels}. List
out all the elements in the sets and illustrate the relationship of the elements using a Venn diagram.
Diberi set semesta ξ = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, I, j}, A= {konsonan} and B = {vokal}. Senaraikan dan
gambarkan hubungan antara unsur dalam gambar rajah Venn
a) Set ξ dan A
b) Set ξ dan B
c) Set ξ dan A dan B
6. Diagram 1 is a Venn diagram showing 35 students in form 5 Bestari involved in clubs.
Rajah 1 ialah gambar rajah Venn yang menunjukkan 35 orang murid tingkatan 5 Bestari yang
menyertai kelab.

N
ξ=M∪N∪S
5+y
set M = {members of Mathematics Club}
S {ahli Kelab Matematik}
M 2 4
1 set N = {members of Debate Club}
{ahli Kelab Debat}, and/dan
x+1 3 10 set S = {members of Science Club}
{ahli Kelab Sains}
Diagram 1 / Rajah 1

The numbers of students in Mathematics Club is half of those in Science Club, find the value of x and y.
Bilangan murid dalam Kelab Matematik adalah separuh daripada bilangan murid dalam Kelab Sains,
cari nilai x dan nilai y.

7. Diagram 2 is a Venn diagram that shows the numbers of elements of set P, Q and R. Given ξ = P ∪ Q
∪ R. Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebuah gambar rajah Venn yang menunjukkan bilangan unsur dalam set
P, Q dan R. Diberi ξ = P ∪ Q ∪ R.

P Q
3x x 2x

2
6 4

2
R
4

Diagram 2 / Rajah 2
Given n(R) = n (P ∪ Q). Find the value of x./ Diberi n(R) = n (P ∪ Q). Cari nilai bagi x.

8. Diagram 3 shows the number of elements in set P and Q. Rajah 7 menunjukkan bilangan unsur
dalam set P dan Q

P Q

7-m 2m 4

Diagram 3 / Rajah 3

Given n(P) = n (Q). Find the value of m./ Diberi n(R) = n (Q). Cari nilai bagi m.