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This print-out should have 34 questions. first withdrawn upward from the loop of
Multiple-choice questions may continue on wire, then moved downward toward the
the next column or page – find all choices loop of wire, the current in the loop
before answering. is first clockwise, then counter-clockwise , as
viewed from above.
001 10.0 points
In the figure shown, the magnet is first with- 002 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points
drawn upward from the loop of wire, then
moved downward toward the loop of wire. A rectangular loop of copper wire of resis-
tance R has width a and length b. The loop
S up is stationary in a uniform magnetic field. The
then magnetic field B at time t = 0 seconds is di-
down rected into the page as shown below. The
N uniform magnetic field varies with time t ac-
Counter- cording to the relationship B = B0 cos ω t,
Clockwise clockwise
where ω and B0 are positive constants and B
induced I I induced is positive when the field is directed into the
current current
page.
B b B
As viewed from above, the induced current
in the loop is
a
1. first counter-clockwise, then clockwise.
n turns
2. for both cases counterclockwise with in-
creasing magnitude. B B
3. for both cases counterclockwise with de- The direction ofπthe induced current in the
creasing magnitude. loop when ω t = , after the magnetic field
2
begins to oscillate is
4. first clockwise, then counter-clockwise.
correct 1. undetermined, since the current is zero.
2. ωt
003 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points
What is the expression for the magnitude of 0 π π 3π 2π 5π 3π
the induced current in the loop as a function 2 2 2
of time in terms of a, b, B0 , ω, R, t, and
fundamental constants.
R ω B0 I
1. I = | sin ω t|
ab
a b B0
2. I = | sin ω t| 3. ωt
ωR
0 π π 3π 2π 5π 3π
a b ω B0
3. I = | sin ω t| correct 2 2 2
R
4. I = a b ω B0 R | sin ω t|
a b B0 I
5. I = | sin ω t|
R
R B0
6. I = | sin ω t| 4. ωt
ab
Explanation: 0 π π 3π 2π 5π 3π
Calculating the flux, 2 2 2
Φ = a b B0 cos ω t .
Calculating the emf,
I
dΦ
E=− (negative sign not required)
dt
= a b ω B0 sin ω t . 5. ωt
0 π π 3π 2π 5π 3π
Using Ohm’s Law, the magnitude of the cur-
rent is 2 2 2
|E| a b ω B0
I= = | sin ω t| .
R R
I
004 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points
Select a graph of the induced current I vs ω t,
taking clockwise current to be positive. 6. ωt
0 π π 3π 2π 5π 3π
I 2 2 2
1. ωt
0 π π 3π 2π 5π 3π
2 2 2
Explanation:
correct The graph is a sine wave with period 2 π .
– Faraday’s Law and AC circuits – yeazell – (58010) 3
4T = 256 W .
8 m/s
m≪1 g
1m
4Ω
Correct answer: 32 N.
Explanation:
The motional emf induced in the circuit is eld
entering fi
E = B ℓ v = (4 T) (1 m) (8 m/s)
= 32 V .
From Ohm’s law, the current flowing through B B
the resistor is
E 32 V
I= = = 8 A, B B
R 4Ω
so the magnitude of the force exerted on the
bar due to the magnetic field is
FB = I ℓ B = (8 A)(1 m)(4 T) The direction of the circulating eddy cur-
= 32 N . rent in the plate is
– Faraday’s Law and AC circuits – yeazell – (58010) O 4
1. clockwise.
2. cannot be determined.
3. counter-clockwise. correct
eld
Fw entering fi
B B
i
Explanation: B B
A conduction electron in the pendulum will
experience a magnetic force opposite the di-
~ so using the right hand rule,
rection of ~v × B,
we can determine that the motion of the elec- Alternative Solution: Use the result of
trons will be in the clockwise direction, which Part 1, and the right hand rule on the current
produces a counter-clockwise current. flow to determine that the induced magnetic
field must be directed out of the paper.
008 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points
The direction of the induced magnetic field at 009 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points
the center of the circulating eddy current The direction of the force which the magnetic
field exerts
1. is along the rod toward the pivot point.
1. is into the plane.
2. is out of the plane. correct
2. is along the rod away from the pivot
3. is along the rod away from the pivot point.
point.
3. is along the direction of swing.
4. is into the plane.
4. is along the rod toward the pivot point.
5. cannot be determined.
5. is opposite to the direction of swing. cor-
6. is opposite to the direction of swing. rect
7. cannot be determined.
Explanation:
Because the magnetic field only exerts a
force on the current segment already in the
Explanation: magnetic field region, the net magnetic force
Because the magnetic field is pointing into is opposite to the direction of swing.
the paper, the magnetic flux through the pen-
dulum is increasing, so by Lenz’s law we know 010 10.0 points
that the induced magnetic field is in the op- A circular coil is made of N turns of copper
posite direction, or out of the paper. wire as shown in the figure. When viewed
– Faraday’s Law and AC circuits – yeazell – (58010) 5
from the right the coil is wound counter- 011 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
clockwise. A resistor R is inserted in the The current in a 79 mH inductor changes with
copper wire. Initially, a uniform magnetic time as I = b t2 − a t.
field of magnitude Bi points horizontally from With a = 10 A/s and b = 2 A/s2 , find
left-to-right through the perpendicular plane the magnitude of the induced emf, |E|, at
of the coil. t = 0.7 s.
Magnetic
Field B(t) Let : L = 79 mH = 0.079 H ,
R b = 2 A/s2 ,
a = 10 A/s , and
During a time interval t the field uniformly t = 0.7 s .
changes at a constant rate, until a reversed
field is reached equal in magnitude to the From Faraday’s Law, the induced emf E
initial field. is proportional to the rate of change of the
The current in the resistor R magnetic flux, which in turn is proportional
to the rate of change of the current. This is
1. is zero. expressed as
12 mH
021 10.0 points
27 pF
S b The emf E drives the circuit shown below
at angular frequency ω.
a
6V
L
R C
What is the maximum value for the oscil- E
lating current assuming no resistance in the
circuit?
– Faraday’s Law and AC circuits – yeazell – (58010) 9
Under which of the following conditions The capacitive reactance is
does the largest current flow through this cir-
cuit? 1
XC =
ωC
1 1
1. both higher frequencies, √ < ω < ∞, =
LC (636.62 rad/s) (1.62 × 10−5 F)
1 = 96.9627 Ω ,
or lower frequencies, 0 < ω < √
LC
2. steady DC voltage, ω = 0 and the inductive reactance is
1 XL = ω L
3. only at higher frequencies, √ <ω<
LC = (636.62 rad/s) (0.0216 H)
∞
= 13.751 Ω .
4. the resonant angular frequency, ω = The maximum current is
1
√ correct
LC Vmax
Imax =
1 Z
5. only at lower frequencies, 0 < ω < √ Vmax
LC =p
Explanation: R2 + (XL − XC )2
The current through R, C, and L is 156 V
=p
E (27.8 Ω)2 + (13.751 Ω − 96.9627 Ω)2
I=s 2 .
1 = 1.77813 A .
R2 + ω L −
ωC
1 023 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
When ω is on resonance (ω0 = √ ) the What is the power factor for the circuit?
LC
reactance will be zero and the largest current
will flow. Correct answer: 0.316872.
Explanation:
022 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points The phase angle between the voltage and
In a series RLC ac circuit, the resistance is the current in the circuit is
27.8 Ω, the inductance is 21.6 mH, and the
capacitance is 16.2 µF. The maximum po- −1 XL − XC
φ = tan .
tential is 156 V, and the angular frequency is R
636.62 rad/s.
Calculate the maximum current in the cir- Since
cuit.
XL − XC 13.751 Ω − 96.9627 Ω
Correct answer: 1.77813 A. =
R 27.8 Ω
Explanation: = −2.99323 ,
ωKUT = 2 π νKUT
sound volume
sound volume
entire loop
2. ~ ·A
Φ=B ~
~ · A]
Φtotal = N Φ = N [B ~
sound volume
.
Faraday’s law give the emf induced by the
3. magnetic field in terms of the time derivative
of the flux,
~ N 2 B2 W 2 v F̂ = Î × B̂ .
1. kF k = correct
R
2 2 Using the right hand rule of cross product,
~k = N B W Lv
2. kF the direction of the force points toward the
R right.
2 2
~k = N B W
3. kF
Rv 032 (part 6 of 8) 10.0 points
2 2
~k = N W Rv
4. kF
B2 aB Bc
2 2 2
~k = N B W Lv
5. kF
R v
2 2
~k = N B R
6. kF
W2 v b d
2 2 2
B B
~k = N B W R
7. kF 0 x0
v
What is the magnitude of the force F on
~ N B W2 Lv
2 2
the coil due to the external magnetic field as
8. kF k =
R2 it moves completely within the magnetic field,
2 2
~k = N B W v
9. kF
as shown above?
R
~k= N 2 B2 W L v
~ k = zero
10. kF 1. kF
R
Explanation: N B W2 v
2 2
~
2. kF k =
The force on the loop is given by F = R
– Faraday’s Law and AC circuits – yeazell – (58010) 14
2 2 2
~k = N B W R
3. kF B B
v a c
~ k = 0 correct
4. kF
v
~k = N 2 B2 W
5. kF d
Rv b
B B
~k = N 2 B2 R x0
6. kF 0
W2 v
What is the direction of the force on the
~k = N 2 B2 W v loop as it moves out of the magnetic field
7. kF
R (edge cd is in the field while edge ab is out of
~k = N B2 W 2 L v
2 the field)?
8. kF
R2
1. towards the bottom of the page
~k = N2 W2 R v
9. kF
B2 2. right correct
~k = N 2 B2 W 2 L v
10. kF
R 3. indeterminate, since the force is zero
4. left
5. right
Explanation:
Let : ℓ = 1.34 m ,
v = 116 km/h = 32.2222 m/s , and 003 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
B = 6.46 × 10−5 T .
In the arrangement shown in the figure, the
If the antenna moves perpendicular to the resistor is 7 Ω and a 7 T magnetic field is
Earth’s field, the induced emf between the directed out of the paper. The separation
ends of the antenna becomes the maximum: between the rails is 8 m . An applied force
moves the bar to the left at a constant speed
E = Bℓv of 3 m/s .
= (6.46 × 10−5 T) (1.34 m) (32.2222 m/s)
= 0.00278928 V . 7T
3 m/s
m≪1 g
002 10.0 points
8m
7Ω
I
dB ∆B A = π r2
= = π (0.0193 m)2
dt ∆t
B2 − B1 = 0.00117021 m2 ,
=
t
(0 T) − (0.579 T) so from Faraday’s law,
=
(0.431 s) d ΦB
= 1.34339 T/s . E = −n
dt
chester (crc2876) – HW-10 – rodenborn – (92691) 5
dAB dr
= −n
dt
dB
= −n A
dt
= −n A (a1 + 2 a2 t)
= −(39.5 turns) (0.00117021 m2 ) I r b
× [0.0129 T/s + 2 (0.0655 T/s2 ) (7.96 s)]
= −0.0487962 V ,
c a
µ0 I
Z
= dA .
2πr
Note: B ~ is not uniform but rather depends on
6.04 cm
L
1. It is directed into the page. ω
+q C
2. It is zero in magnitude.
O
3. It is counterclockwise in direction. cor-
rect B B
4. It is clockwise in direction.
2. in the plane, VO = VA .
4. radially inward, VO = VA .
Explanation:
5. radially outward, VO = VA .
Lenz’s law can be used to judge the direc-
tion of the induced current, which states that
6. radially inward, VA > VO .
the polarity of the induced emf is such that
it tends to produce a current that will cre-
ate a magnetic flux to oppose the change in 7. opposite to the direction of ~v , VO = VA .
magnetic flux through the loop.
8. radially inward, VO > VA . correct
In this problem, since the magnetic field is
decreasing, the induced magnetic field should
be in the same direction, namely pointing out 9. out of the plane, VO = VA .
of the plane of the page, so the direction of the
10. in the direction of ~v , VO = VA .
induced current must be counterclockwise.
A 3255
8. |VO − VA | = V
4
465
B 9. |VO − VA | = V
4
16275
+q 10. |VO − VA | = V
2
FB v Explanation:
Let : OC = R = 8 m ,
L = m,
O
v = 93 m/s , and
From the figure above we can see that the
B = 7 T.
force on +q is directed radially inward . The
sign of the charge can reverse the direction of The induced electric field at a point r is
the force FB . This may be obtained from the given by
equation ~ = vB = rωB,
Eind = |~v × B|
~ = +q ~v × B
F ~.
where the angular velocity is
Because of this magnetic force, the positive
charges begin to accumulate at O (or nor- v (93 m/s) 93
ω= = = rad/s ,
mally, the negative charges begin to accumu- R (8 m) 8
late at A), producing an electric field that so the magnitude of the induced E is
points from O to A. Hence, VO > VA . Z R
1
Third of eight versions. Eind = r ω B dr = ω B R2
0 2
1 93
013 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points = rad/s (7 T) (10 m)2
The length of the bar is 10 m and the magni- 2 8
tude of the magnetic field is 7 T . 16275
= V .
The speed of the bar at point C is 93 m/s , 4
and the length of OC = 8 m .
Determine the magnitude of the potential 014 (part 1 of 4) 10.0 points
difference |VO − VA | . An air-core solenoid consists of 200 turns of
wire wound on a form that is 76 cm long and
1302
1. |VO − VA | = V has a inner diameter of 4 cm.
5 The permeability of free space is µ0 = 4π ×
3255 10−7 T·m/A.
2. |VO − VA | = V
8 If a current of 18 A is established in this
16275 solenoid, what is its self-inductance?
3. |VO − VA | = V correct
4
7812 Correct answer: 0.0831125 mH.
4. |VO − VA | = V
5 Explanation:
2604
5. |VO − VA | = V
5 Let : N = 200 ,
6. |VO − VA | = 16275 V ℓ = 76 cm = 0.76 m ,
3255 d = 4 cm = 0.04 m , and
7. |VO − VA | = V µ0 = 4π × 10−7 T · m/A.
2
chester (crc2876) – HW-10 – rodenborn – (92691) 8
The self-inductance of a solenoid is
Correct answer: 14.098 J/m3 .
µ0 N 2 µ0 N 2 π d 2
L= A=
ℓ ℓ 4 Explanation:
(1.25664 × 10 N/A2 ) (200)2
−6
=
(0.76 m)
Let : B = 0.00595249 T .
(0.04 m)2
×π
4 The energy density in the solenoid is
= 8.31125 × 10−5 H
= 0.0831125 mH . B2
u=
2 µ0
(0.00595249 T)2
015 (part 2 of 4) 10.0 points =
What is the magnetic field at its center? 2 (1.25664 × 10−6 N/A2 )
= 14.098 J/m3 .
Correct answer: 0.00595249 T.
Explanation:
018 10.0 points
A transformer consists of two coils of wire
Let : I = 18 A . wound on a common toroidal iron core. The
The magnetic field of a solenoid is mutual inductance of the pair is 370 mH and
the current in the first coil decreases from
B = µ0 n I 32 A to 0 in 0.7 s.
= (1.25664 × 10−6 N/A2 ) What is the induced emf in the second coil?
200
× (18 A) Correct answer: 16.9143 V.
0.76 m
Explanation:
= 0.00595249 T .
π (0.05 m)2
× (140 turns)2
0.28 m
= 0.000690872 H .
For the outside solenoid,
The energy stored in an inductor is
A1 = π r12 = π(19.5 cm)2 = 0.119459 m2
1
U= L I2
and for the inside solenoid, 2
1
= (0.000690872 H)(0.4 A)2
A2 = π r12 = π(9.5 cm)2 = 0.0283529 m2 . 2
= 5.52698 × 10−5 J .
N2 I2
B 2 = µ0
ℓ2 021 10.0 points
chester (crc2876) – HW-10 – rodenborn – (92691) 10
A long cylindrical wire of radius 20 cm carries µ0 I 2 a 3
Z
a current of 78 A uniformly distributed over = r dr
4π a4 0
its cross-sectional area. µ0 I 2 a 4 µ0 I 2
The permeability of free space is 4π × = =
4π a4 4 4π 4
10−7 T · m/A.
(78 A)2
Find the magnetic energy per unit length = (1 × 10−7 T · m/A)
within the wire. 4
= 0.0001521 J/m .
Correct answer: 0.0001521 J/m.
Explanation: The magnetic energy per unit length within
the wire is independent of the radius of the
cylinder a and depends only on the total cur-
a rent.
r
dr 022 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
An inductor that has an inductance of 20 H
and a resistance of 32 Ω is connected across a
70 V battery.
Let : a = 20 cm , What is the rate of increase of the current
at 0 s.
I = 78 A , and
µ0 = 4π × 10−7 T · m/A . Correct answer: 3.5 A/s.
Use Ampere’s law, the magnetic field inside
Explanation:
the wire at a distance r < a from its center is
µ0
B= IC Let : L = 20 H ,
2πr
µ0 πr 2 R = 32 Ω ,
= I
2 π r πa2 ε = 70 V , and
µ0 r I t = 0 s.
= .
2 πa2
The magnetic energy within the cylindrical The current in an RL circuit is
annulus is ε
B2 I= 1 − e−R t / L .
d Um = Vannulus R
2 µ0
B2 The rate of change of the current is
= 2 π r ℓ dr
2 µ0
dI d ε ε
B2 = − e−R t / L
= π r ℓ dr dt dt R R
µ0 ε −R t / L −R
µ0 r I
2
π r ℓ dr =− e
= R L
2πa 2 µ0 ε −R t / L
2 3
= e .
µ0 I r ℓ dr L
= .
4π a4
At t = 0 s , the rate is
Thus the magnetic energy per unit length
within the wire is
Z a dI 70 V −(32 Ω) (0 s) / (20 H)
= e
d Um dt 20 H
Um 0
= = 3.5 A/s .
ℓ ℓ
chester (crc2876) – HW-10 – rodenborn – (92691) 11
which can be solved for t as
023 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
What is the rate of increase of the current at I0
t = τ ln
0.7 s. If
16 A
Correct answer: 1.14198 A/s. = (0.0005 s) ln
5.76 A
Explanation: = 0.000510826 s .
Using the same formula derived in Part 1, the
rate of change of the current at t = 0.7 s is
dI 70 V −(32 Ω) (0.7 s) / (20 H) 025 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
= e A 26 V battery is connected in series with a
dt 20 H
resistance of 6.5 Ω and an inductance of 2.4 H.
= 1.14198 A/s . Find the energy stored in the inductor when
the current reaches its maximum value.
024 10.0 points
Correct answer: 19.2 J.
A certain circuit consists of an inductor of
50 mH in series with a resistor of 100 Ω. At Explanation:
one moment, the current in the circuit is 16 A,
and decreasing.
How long will it take for the current to fall Let : V = 26 V ,
to 5.76 A? R = 6.5 Ω , and
L = 2.4 H .
Correct answer: 0.000510826 s.
Explanation: The maximum current is
Let : L = 50 mH , V
Imax = ,
R
R = 100 Ω ,
I0 = 16 A , and so
If = 5.76 A . 1 LV2
U= L Imax2 =
The time constant τ of a circuit gives the 2 2 R2
time required for the current to fall to 0.37 (2.4 H) (26 V)2
=
times its initial value. For an RL-circuit, 2 (6.5 Ω)2
L = 19.2 J .
τ= .
R
If 026 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
Here you can easily check that = 0.37, so
I0 Find the energy stored in the inductor one
that the decay time to If is given by time constant after the switch is closed.
0.05 H
τ= Correct answer: 7.67187 J.
100 Ω
= 0.0005 s . Explanation:
If you did not notice this, then note that in
general the current at time t in such a circuit Let : V = 26 V ,
is given by
R = 6.5 Ω , and
−t R/L
I(t) = I0 e = I0 e
−t/τ
, L = 2.4 H .
chester (crc2876) – HW-10 – rodenborn – (92691) 12
At t = τ ,
1 e−1 V
I = 1− Imax = ,
e e R
and
1 L (e − 1)2 V 2
W = L I2 =
2 2 e2 R2
(2.4 H) (e − 1)2 (26 V)2
=
2 e2 (6.5 Ω)2
= 7.67187 J .
Version One – Homework 39 – Ashley Smith 1
The resistance of the operating element is Looking at the figure, we see that the next
11 Ω. value of t for which
What rms current flows through it?
Correct answer: 21.8182 A. v = (0.25) Vmax
Explanation:
Vrms occurs at
Irms = = 21.8182 A T
R t2 = − t1 ,
2
Generator Output
where T is the period. The frequency is given
33:02, calculus, numeric, > 1 min.
by
006 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
The output of a generator is given by v = ω
Vmax sin ωt. f=
2π
If after 0.01 s, the output v is 0.25 times 25.268 rad/s
Vmax , what is the angular velocity ω of the =
2π
generator? = 4.02153 Hz .
Correct answer: 25.268 rad/s.
Explanation:
We are given that The period is given by
v = (0.25) Vmax 1
T =
at t = 0.01 s . Therefore f
= 0.248662 s .
(0.25) Vmax = Vmax sin[ω (0.01 s)]
ω (0.01 s) = sin−1 (0.25) Therefore, the time required is
= 0.25268 rad .
T
So t2 = − t1
2
(0.25268 rad) = 0.114331 s .
ω= = 25.268 rad/s .
(0.01 s)
where a = 200 V.
Find the rms current in the circuit when
θ this generator is connected to a 100 Ω resis-
0 tor.
t1 Correct answer: 1.41421 A.
t1 Explanation:
t2 Comparing this expression for the voltage
T output with the general form,
2
v(t) = Vmax sin(ω t) ,
Version One – Homework 39 – Ashley Smith 3
Solution:
√ Holt SF 22C 06
∆Vmax = ∆Vrms 2 33:02, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min.
√
= (15 V) 2 020 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
= 21.2132 V The largest potential difference that can be
placed across a certain capacitor at any in-
stant is 451 V.
Holt SF 22C 05 a) What is the largest rms potential differ-
33:02, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min. ence that can be placed across the capacitor
018 (part 1 of 2) 10 points without damaging it?
An ac generator has a maximum potential Correct answer: 318.905 V.
difference output of 155 V. Explanation:
a) Find the rms potential difference out- Basic Concept:
put. √
Correct answer: 109.602 V. 2 ∆Vmax
∆Vrms = ∆Vmax = √
Explanation: 2 2
Basic Concept: Given:
√ ∆Vmax = 451 V
2 ∆Vmax
∆Vrms = ∆Vmax = √
2 2 Solution:
∆Vmax
Given: ∆Vrms = √
∆Vmax = 155 V 2
451 V
Solution: = √
2
∆Vmax = 318.905 V
∆Vrms = √
2
155 V
= √ Holt SF 22Rev 25
2 33:02, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min.
= 109.602 V 021 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
The rms potential difference across high-
voltage transmission lines in Great Britain
019 (part 2 of 2) 10 points
is 220000 V.
b) Find the rms current in the circuit when
What is the maximum potential differ-
the generator is connected to a 53 Ω resistor.
ence?
Correct answer: 2.06795 A.
Correct answer: 311127 V.
Explanation:
Explanation:
Basic Concept:
Basic Concept:
∆Vrms = ∆Irms R √
2 ∆Vmax
∆Vrms = ∆Vmax = √
Given: 2 2
R = 53 Ω
Given:
Solution: Vrms = 220000 V
∆Vrms Solution:
∆Irms = √
R
109.602 V ∆Vmax = ∆Vrms 2
√
= = 2 (220000 V)
53 Ω
= 2.06795 A = 311127 V
Version One – Homework 39 – Ashley Smith 6
0.909 A
= √
Holt SF 22Rev 26 2
33:02, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min. = 0.64276 A
022 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
The maximum potential difference across cer-
tain heavy-duty appliances is 340 V. The 025 (part 2 of 3) 10 points
total resistance of an appliance is 120 Ω. b) What is the rms potential difference across
a) Find the rms potential difference across the bulb’s filament?
the appliance. Correct answer: 116.982 V.
Correct answer: 240.416 V. Explanation:
Explanation: Basic Concept:
P = Irms 2 R
Holt SF 22Rev 27
33:02, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min. Solution:
024 (part 1 of 3) 10 points
The maximum current that can pass through P = (0.64276 A)2 (182 Ω)
a light bulb filament is 0.909 A when its resis- = 75.1916 W
tance is 182 Ω.
a) What is the rms current conducted by
the filament of the bulb? Holt SF 22Rev 28
Correct answer: 0.64276 A. 33:02, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min.
Explanation: 027 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
Basic Concept: A 996 W hair dryer is designed to carry a
√ maximum current of 11.8 A.
2 Imax a) How large is the rms current in the hair
Irms = Imax = √
2 2 dryer?
Given: Correct answer: 8.34386 A.
∆Imax = 0.909 A Explanation:
Basic Concept:
Solution:
√
∆Imax 2 Imax
∆Irms = √ Irms = Imax = √
2 2 2
Version One – Homework 39 – Ashley Smith 7
√ Serway CP 21 02
∆Vmax = ∆Vrms 2 33:02, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min.
√
= (100 V) 2 037 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
= 141.421 V What is the resistance of a lightbulb that uses
an average power of 75 W when connected to
a 60 Hz power source with an peak voltage of
034 (part 2 of 4) 10 points 170 V?
b) Find the rms current supplied.
Correct answer: 20 A. Correct answer: 192.667 Ω.
Explanation: Explanation:
The rms voltage is
∆Vrms = ∆Irms R Given : P = 75 W ,
f = 60 Hz , and :
Vmax = 170 V .
∆Vrms
∆Irms =
R The rms current is
100 V
=
5Ω Vmax
= 20 A Vrms = √
2
What is the resistance of a 100 W bulb? What is the reading of the ammeter?
Correct answer: 144.5 Ω. Correct answer: 2.94628 A.
Explanation: Explanation:
The rms current is given by
Given : P = 100 W . Vrms
Irms =
The resistance is R
70.7107 V
(170 V)2 =
R= = 144.5 Ω. 24 Ω
2 · 100 W = 2.94628 A .
Serway CP 21 03
33:02, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min. Serway CP 21 04
039 (part 1 of 2) 10 points 33:02, trigonometry, numeric, < 1 min.
An AC power supply produces a maximum 041 (part 1 of 3) 10 points
voltage of 100 V. This power supply is con- The figure shows three lamps connected to
nected to a 24 Ω resistor, and the current and a 120 V AC (rms) household supply voltage.
resistor voltage are measured with an ideal Find the rms current and resistance of each
AC ammeter and an ideal AC voltmeter, as in bulb.
100 V
A 150 Ω
150 Ω
100 Ω
24 Ω
V
120 V
What does the voltmeter read? Recall that
an ideal ammeter has zero resistance and an What is rms current?
ideal voltmeter has infinite resistance. Correct answer: 3.33333 Ω.
Explanation:
Correct answer: 70.7107 V.
Explanation:
R3
AC Current 02
33:03, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min. Coil and Iron Core
049 (part 1 of 1) 10 points 33:03, calculus, multiple choice, < 1 min.
A circuit contains only a(n) 0.15 H inductor. 052 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
Version One – Homework 39 – Ashley Smith 12
Emax = 130 V
Energy in an Inductor 03 S
33:03, calculus, numeric, > 1 min.
053 (part 1 of 1) 10 points E = Emax sin ωt
A 20 mH inductor is connected to a standard What is the current’s frequency in the in-
outlet (Vrms = 120 V and f = 60 Hz). ductor?
Determine the energy stored in the inductor Correct answer: 20.5361 Hz.
at t = 5 ms, assuming that this energy is zero Explanation:
at t = 0. The frequency of the current is the same as
Correct answer: 4.58229 J. that of the electric potential in the circuit.
Explanation: The inductive reactance is given by
The inductive reactance is
XL = ω L , so
XL
XL = ω L ω=
L
= 2πf L 40 Ω
= 2 π (60 Hz) (20 mH) =
0.31 H
= 7.53982 Ω . = 129.032 rad/s .
Version One – Homework 39 – Ashley Smith 13
Minimum Inductance
Inductor in an AC Circuit 33:03, calculus, numeric, > 1 min.
33:03, calculus, numeric, > 1 min. 061 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
060 (part 1 of 1) 10 points An inductor is connected to a 20 Hz power
For the circuit shown in the figure, the max- supply that produces a 50 V rms voltage.
imum voltage is 80 V, the angular repetition What inductance is needed to keep the
is 65 rev/s, and the inductor is 70 mH. instantaneous current in the circuit below
The switch is closed at t = 0 . 80 mA?
70 mH Correct answer: 7.03372 H.
Explanation:
Emax = 80 V The rms current is:
S
Imax
Irms = √
E = Emax sin ωt 2
Calculate the current in the inductor at
15.5 ms. and,
Correct answer: −2.79522 A. Vrms
(XL )min =
Explanation: Irms
so the minimum inductance is:
Let : Emax = 80 V ,
L = 70 mH , and (XL )min
Lmin =
ω = 2 π (65 rev/s) = 408.407 rad/s . 2πf
The inductive reactance is given by where f is the frequency of the power supply.
XL = ω L
= (408.407 rad/s) (0.07 H) Minimum Inductance 02
33:03, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min.
= 28.5885 Ω . 062 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
In a purely inductive circuit driven by An inductor is connected to a 20 Hz power
supply that produces a 50 V rms voltage.
V = Vmax sin ω t , What minimum inductance is needed to
the current is given by keep the maximum current in the circuit be-
³ π´ low 80 mA?
I = Imax sin ωt − . Correct answer: 7.03372 H.
2
Explanation:
The maximum current is obtained from
Vmax
Imax = V 50 V
XL I= =
80 V XL XL
= 0.08 A
28.5885 Ω ≤ √ = 0.0565685 A,
= 2.79833 A . 2
Version One – Homework 39 – Ashley Smith 15
so
50 V 3. The voltage lags the current by 90◦ .
XL ≥ = 883.883 Ω.
0.0565685 A
4. The voltage lags the current by 180◦ .
XL = ω L = 2 π f L
gives 5. The current lags the voltage by 90◦ .
correct
XL
L= Explanation:
2πf
Suppose the voltage is
883.883 Ω
≥
2 π (20 Hz)
V = Vmax sin(ωt).
= 7.03372 H.
r
E L 9. A3 and B3
6. Imax = .
R C Explanation:
r
C At t = 0 left plate of C has q = +qmax ,
7. Imax = E . correct i = 0.
L
T
At t = left plate of C has q = 0, i is
r
E C 4
8. Imax = . clockwise.
R L
T
Explanation: At t = left plate of C has q = −qmax ,
2
Basic Concepts: RCL circuit i = 0.
3T
At t = left plate of C has q = 0, i is
1 2 1 2 1 4
L Imax = qmax = C E 2 counterclockwise.
2 2C 2 5T
So at t = , q is negative, i is counter-
r
C 8
⇒ Imax = E. clockwise.
L
RMS Current 03
066 (part 2 of 2) 10 points
33:03, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min.
Consider the following statements:
067 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
A1. The current flow is counterclockwise.
The generator in a purely inductive ac circuit
A2. The current is zero.
has an angular frequency of 376.991 rad/s. If
A3. The current flow is clockwise.
the voltage is 140 V and the inductance is
B1. The charge on the left plate of C is
0.1 H, what is the rms current in the circuit?
positive.
Correct answer: 0.835857 A.
B2. The charge on the left plate of C is
Explanation:
zero.
First, we note that
B3. The charge on the left plate of C is
negative. 140 V
Let the time when the switch is moved from Vrms = √ = 98.9949 V.
2
a to b be at t = 0.
Which pair of choices below best describes The inductive reactance is:
5
the situation at t = T , T is the period of XL = 2 π f L = ω L
8
oscillations in LC circiut. = (376.991 rad/s)(0.1 H)
= 118.435 Ω,
1. A1 and B1
and
2. A1 and B2
Vrms 98.9949 V
Irms = = = 0.835857 A.
3. A1 and B3 correct XL 118.435 Ω
Serway CP 21 14 Serway CP 21 15
33:03, calculus, numeric, > 1 min. 33:03, calculus, numeric, > 1 min.
070 (part 1 of 2) 10 points 072 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
In a purely inductive AC circuit, as in the An inductor has a 54 Ω reactance at 60 Hz.
figure, the maximum voltage is 100 V. What is the maximum current if this in-
If the maximum current is 7.5 A at 50 Hz, ductor is connected to a 50 Hz source that
find the inductance L. produces a 100 V rms voltage?
Correct answer: 0.0424413 H. Correct answer: 3.1427 A.
Explanation: Explanation:
V
I= Let : R = 190 Ω ,
XC
98.9949 V C = 0.1 µF ,
= f = 100 s−1 , and
442.097 Ω
= 0.223921 A . ω = 2 π f = 628.319 rad/s .
190 Ω and
=p
(15915.5 Ω)2 + (190 Ω)2 ω
f=
= 0.0119372 . 2π
1157.41 rad/s
= = 184.207 Hz.
2π
Capacitive Reactance
33:04, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min. 084 (part 2 of 2) 10 points
082 (part 1 of 1) 10 points If the capacitor is replaced by an ideal coil
A certain capacitor in a circuit has a capaci- with an inductance of 0.16 H, what is the rms
tive reactance of 30 Ω when the frequency is current through the coil?
120 Hz. Correct answer: 48.6 mA.
What capacitive reactance does the capac- Explanation:
itor have at a frequency of 10000 Hz?
Correct answer: 0.36 Ω.
Explanation: XL = ω L = (1157.41 rad/s)(0.16 H)
The ratio of the capacitive reactance at the = 185.185 Ω,
higher frequency to that at the lower one is
XC(high) 2 π flow C flow V 9V
= = . I= =
XC(low) 2 π fhigh C fhigh XL 185.185 Ω
= 0.0486 A = 48.6 mA.
Thus,
flow
XC(high) = XC(low) RMS Current 02
fhigh 33:04, calculus, numeric, > 1 min.
µ ¶
120 Hz 085 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
= (30 Ω)
10000 Hz A 8 µF capacitor is connected to the terminals
= 0.36 Ω. of a 60 Hz generator whose rms voltage is
150 V.
Find the capacitive reactance.
Frequency and RMS Current Correct answer: 331.573 Ω.
33:04, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min. Explanation:
083 (part 1 of 2) 10 points Using the equation
A(n) 2.4 µF capacitor is connected across an
1
alternating voltage with an rms value of 9 V. XC =
The rms current through the capacitance is ωC
25 mA. and the fact that
What is the source frequency?
Correct answer: 184.207 Hz. ω = 2πf
Explanation: = 376.991 s−1
Version One – Homework 39 – Ashley Smith 21
gives Explanation:
The time constant is
1
XC =
ωC
1 τ = R C = 220 s
=
(376.991 s ) (8 × 10−6 F )
−1
= 331.573 Ω .
089 (part 2 of 3) 10 points
What is the value of the current when the
086 (part 2 of 2) 10 points switch in the circuit has just been closed?
Find the rms current in the circuit. Correct answer: 3 × 10−6 A.
Correct answer: 0.452389 A. Explanation:
Explanation: The current is
Having found the capacitive reactance XC , we
V
easily find the rms current: I= = 3 × 10−6 A
R
Vrms
Irms =
XC
090 (part 3 of 3) 10 points
150 V
= What is the charge on the capacitor when the
331.573 Ω current is 2 × 10−6 A?
= 0.452389 A
Correct answer: 0.00022 c.
Explanation:
RMS Current 04 The voltage drop across the resistor is
33:04, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min.
087 (part 1 of 1) 10 points Vr = IR = (2 × 10−6 A)(2 × 106 Ω) .
An AC voltage of peak value 80 V and fre-
quency 48 Hz is applied to a 15 µF capacitor. The voltage drop across the capacitor is then
What is the rms current?
Correct answer: 0.25591 A. Vc = V − V r = 2 V .
Explanation:
Hence the charge on the capacitor is
1 1
Xc = =
ωC 2π f C Q = Vc C = 0.00022 c .
So
µ ¶
1 vm
Irms = √ Serway CP 21 08
2 Xc
µ ¶ 33:04, calculus, numeric, > 1 min.
1
= √ 2π Vm f C 091 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
2 What maximum current is delivered to a
= 0.25591 A 2.2 µF capacitor when connected across a
North American outlet having rms voltage
120 V and frequency 60 Hz?
Series RC Circuit 02
Correct answer: 0.140751 A.
33:04, trigonometry, numeric, < 1 min.
Explanation:
088 (part 1 of 3) 10 points
A circuit consisting of a(n) 110 µF capacitor
in series with a(n) 2 MΩ resistor is connected
across a(n) 6 V battery. Given : C = 2.2 × 10−6 F ,
What is the time constant of the circuit? Vrms = 120 V , and
Correct answer: 220 s. f = 60 Hz .
Version One – Homework 39 – Ashley Smith 22
Serway CP 21 10 So,
33:04, calculus, numeric, > 1 min.
√
093 (part 1 of 1) 10 points 1 2I I
What maximum current is delivered by an C= = =√
2 π f XC 2 π f Vmax 2 π f Vmax
AC generator with maximum voltage 48 V
0.75 A
and frequency 90 Hz when connected across a =√
3.7 µF capacitor? 2 π (60 Hz)(170 V)
Correct answer: 0.10043 A. = 1.65499 × 10−5 F = 16.5499 µF .
Explanation:
Given : ∆Vmax = 48 V ,
Serway CP 21 12
f = 90 Hz , and 33:04, calculus, numeric, > 1 min.
C = 3.7 µF = 3.7 × 10−6 F . 095 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
The maximum current is The generator in a purely capacitive AC cir-
∆Vmax cuit has an angular frequency of 120 π rad/s.
Imax = If the maximum voltage 140 V and the
XC
capacitance is6 µF, what is the rms current in
= ∆Vmax 2 π f C the circuit?
= (48 V)(2 π)(90 Hz)(3.7 × 10−6 F)
= 0.10043 A Correct answer: 0.447843 A.
Version One – Homework 39 – Ashley Smith 23
Explanation:
99 ωKM F A
What resistance R should the speaker have r
1 L £ 2 2
in order for your design to just meet company
¤
= ωKM F A − ωKU
specifications? 99 ωKM F A T
r
Correct answer: 1.27002 Ω. 1 2πL £ 2 2
¤
Explanation: = νKM F A − νKU
99 ν T
Finally (to check Part 3), we have (Note: This is nearly the same as in Part 3)
PKU T (1 W) and
=
PKM F A (0.0100001 W)
1 V02 R
= 99.9994 . PKM F A = 2
2 ZKM FA
2. the company’s specifications would be ex- Therefore the company’s specification is ex-
ceeded, and sound volume at resonance would ceeded.
be the same as with the larger resistor.
101 (part 6 of 6) 10 points
3. the company’s specifications would not be Which graph correctly represents total
met, and sound volume at resonance would be sound volume as the capacitor is tuned?
smaller than with the larger resistor. 1. sound
volume
4. sound = 0.00377044 A
volume
cos φ = R/Z = 30 Ω/26522.1 Ω
= 0.00113113
P = V I cos φ
= (100 V)(0.00377044 A)(0.00113113)
CKUT CKMFA C = 0.000426488 W
Explanation:
There will be two resonance frequencies of 103 (part 2 of 3) 10 points
equal magnitude, since the amplitude of each What is the power factor of the circuit?
signal is the same. Therefore the sound vol- Correct answer: 0.00113113 .
ume as the capacitance is varied is shown Explanation:
below. See part 1.
sound
volume
104 (part 3 of 3) 10 points
What is the power consumed in the circuit?
Correct answer: 0.000426488 W.
Explanation:
See part 1.
CKUT CKMFA C
Effect of a Capacitor
Effective Current in RLC 33:05, trigonometry, multiple choice, > 1 min.
33:05, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min. 105 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
102 (part 1 of 3) 10 points A circuit containing resistance only is con-
An effective ac voltage of 100 V at 60 Hz is nected to a 110-V,60-Hz line. If a capacitor
applied to an RLC circuit with 10 mH, 0.1 µF, is connected in series with the resistance, how
and 30 Ω. What is the effective current? will the current change?
Correct answer: 0.00377044 A.
Explanation: 1. The current lags the emf.
For RLC series circuit,
q 2. The current is in phase with the emf.
Z = R2 + (XL − XC )2
3. The current is increased.
XL = 2πf L
1 4. The current is decreased. correct
XC =
2πf C
5. The current remains the same.
At f= 60 Hz ,
Explanation:
XL = 2π(60 Hz)(0.01 H) = 3.76991 Ω In an AC circuit containing only capaci-
1 tance and resistance, the current leads the
XC = = 26525.8 Ω
2π(60 Hz)(1 × 10−7 F) voltage by 90◦ . For a capacitor in an AC
q circuit, its resistance
Z = 30 Ω2 + (3.76991 Ω − 26525.8 Ω)2
= 26522.1 Ω 1
Xc =
2πf C
So
It is not equal to 0. So if you connect a
I = V /Z = 100 V/26522.1 Ω capacitor with the resistance in series, the
Version One – Homework 39 – Ashley Smith 27
VL VR
Finding Inductance in RLC
φ 33:05, calculus, numeric, > 1 min.
107 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
Vm
α
Consider a series RLC circuit. The applied
ax
From the figure, we see that the phase angle 33:05, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min.
is 108 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
A coil’s impedance is 40 Ω and its inductive
φ = α − 90◦ reactance is 20 Ω. What is its resistance?
= −(−62◦ ) − (90◦ ) Correct answer: 34.641 Ω.
= −28◦ = −0.488692 rad . Explanation:
The resistance, impedance, and reactance
This is because the phasors representing Imax are related through the basic equation
and VR are in the same direction (they are in
phase). From the equations Z = [R2 + (XL − XC )2 ]1/2 .
33:05, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min. The light bulb glows most brightly at
115 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
A circuit consists of an idealized 50 mH in- 1
1. low frequencies, 0 < ω < √ .
ductor and an idealized 10 µF capacitor. LC
What is the natural frequency of this circuit 2. steady DC voltage, ω = 0.
if the capacitor is first charged to 100 µc
and then allowed to discharge through the 1
3. the resonant frequency, ω = √ .
inductor? LC
Correct answer: 225.079 Hz. 1
Explanation: 4. high frequencies, √ < ω < ∞. cor-
LC
The natural frequency is given by rect
r
1 1 Explanation:
f= The voltage across L is
2π LC
= 225.079 Hz .
E = I L ZL ,
1 1
Since XC = , the current through the 3. the resonant frequency, ω = √ . cor-
ωC LC
light bulb is rect
E 1
IC = s µ 4. high frequencies, √ < ω < ∞.
¶2 . LC
1
ωC Explanation:
The voltage across C and L is
As the angular velocity ω decreases, the cur-
rent IC will also decrease.
E = I R + I ZLC ,
The voltage across R and L is
Oscillating EMF
33:05, calculus, multiple choice, < 1 min.
128 (part 1 of 1) 10 points E
Assume: Counter-clockwise rotation.
The graph below depicts an oscillating emf.
5.
φ
Emax φ
Explanation:
The oscillating emf is proportional to
0
sin(ωt − φ). So the right answer is
E
Emin
0 T /2 t −→ T
Which phasor diagram correctly represents φ
this oscillation?
Resonance of an AC Circuit 02
33:05, calculus, numeric, > 1 min. RLC Circuit Impedance
132 (part 1 of 3) 10 points 33:05, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min.
An AC power supply with a maximum poten- 135 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
tial of 100 V is in series with a RLC circuit, Find the impedance of an RLC series cir-
where the inductance is 20 mH, the capaci- cuit with inductance 30 mH, capacitance
tance is 100 nF, the resistance is 20 Ω. 12 µF, and resistance 100 Ω at a frequency
Find the resonant frequency in kHz. of 60 Hz.
Correct answer: 3.55881 kHz. Correct answer: 232.358 Ω.
Explanation: Explanation:
The resonance frequency for a series RLC For RLC series circuit, at f=60 Hz, where
circuit is ω = 2 π f = 376.991 s−1 ,
XL = 2 π f L
r
1 1
f= = (376.991 s−1 ) (0.03 H)
2π LC
Version One – Homework 39 – Ashley Smith 36
= 221.049 Ω
q 4. The current through C is 180◦ out of
Z= R2 + (XL − XC )2 phase with the one through L.
q
= (100 Ω)2 + (−209.739 Ω)2
5. All energy is dissipated in R. correct
= 232.358 Ω ,
Explanation:
where XL −XC = (11.3097 Ω)−(221.049 Ω) = Let’s look at the statements one by one.
−209.739 Ω. a) L stores kinetic energy. So, we cannot
say that potential energy oscillates between L
136 (part 2 of 2) 10 points and C anyway. This statement is therefore
Find the impedance at a frequency of 600 Hz. false. b) The energy generated by the source
Correct answer: 135.202 Ω. is dissipated in the resistor. So the source has
Explanation: to do some net work in order to compensate
Similarly, at f = 600 Hz, where ω = 2 π f = for this loss. The statement is false. c) and
3769.91 s−1 . d) Since everything is connected in series, the
current is same for all the elements (R, L and
XL = 2 π f L C). These two are both false. e) Energy can-
= (3769.91 s−1 ) (0.03 H) not be dissipated either in L or C. So it is all
= 113.097 Ω dissipated in R.
1
XC =
2πf C
1 RLC TF Questions 01
=
(3769.91 s ) (1.2 × 10−5 F)
−1 33:05, calculus, multiple choice, > 1 min.
= 22.1049 Ω 138 (part 1 of 3) 10 points
This RLC circuit is driven by an oscillating
q
Z= R2 + (XL − XC )2 emf, E.
q
= (100 Ω)2 + (90.9925 Ω)2
R L
= 135.202 Ω .
a) L stores magnetic energy and C stores This RLC circuit is driven by an oscillating
electric energy. Without resistance these en- emf, E.
ergies oscillate between L and C . This energy
is not dissipated since it is conserved. How-
ever, the resistor directly dissipates energy
and, as it is in the circuit, energy is always
C
E
dissipated
PR = I 2 R > 0 .
Statement (a) is true.
Which of the following statements is true?
139 (part 2 of 3) 10 points a) All energy is dissipated in R .
b) The currents across C and L are 180◦ out
of phase. 1. True correct
Explanation:
Serway CP 21 21
Series RLC Circuit 16 33:05, calculus, numeric, > 1 min.
33:05, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min. 157 (part 1 of 3) 10 points
154 (part 1 of 3) 10 points A 900 Ω resistor, a 0.25 µF capasitor, and
In a certain RLC circuit, the rms current is 2.5 H inductor are connected in series across
6 A, the rms voltage is 240 V, and the current a 240 Hz AC source for which the maximum
leads the voltage by 53◦ . voltage is 140 V.
What is the total resistance of the circuit? Calculate the impedance of the circuit.
Correct answer: 24.0726 Ω. Correct answer: 1434.72 Ω.
Explanation: Explanation:
V 240 V
Z= = = 40 Ω ,
I 6A Given : R = 900 Ω ,
and C = 0.25 µF ,
R = Z cos φ L = 2.5 × 10−7 F ,
= (40 Ω) cos(−53◦ ) f = 240 Hz , and
= 24.0726 Ω . ∆Vmax = 140 V .
P = I V cos φ q
Z = R2 + (XL − XC )2
= (6 A) (240 V) cos(−53◦ ) q
= 866.613 W Z = (900 Ω)2 + (3769.91 Ω − 2652.58 Ω)2
or = 1434.72 Ω .
P = I2 R
= (6 A)2 (24.0726 Ω) 158 (part 2 of 3) 10 points
= 866.613 W . Calculate the maximum current delivered by
Version One – Homework 39 – Ashley Smith 41
1 1. brightens
XC =
ωC 2. dims correct
= 757.863 Ω.
Therefore, the impedance is 3. is not affected
q
Z = R2 + (XL − XC )2 Explanation:
q The impedance of the circuit is
= (250 Ω)2 + (226.2 Ω − 757.863 Ω)2
p
= 587.508 Ω. Z= R2 + ωL2 ,
Now let us calculate the rms voltage and rms
current: where R is the bulb’s resistance, L is the coil’s
Vmax inductance. The rms current in the circuit is
Vrms = √ then
2 Vrms
= 106.066 V , Irms = .
Z
Vrms
Irms =
Z When we shove the piece of iron into the coil,
= 0.180536 A . its inductance increase, and consequently, the
Version One – Homework 39 – Ashley Smith 43
total impedance increases. This results in the We obtain for the power supplied by the
decrease in the rms current, and hence in the source
2
decrease of the power P = Irms R dissipated
in the bulb, causing it to dim. P = Vrms Irms cos(φ)
= (100 V) (2 A) cos(36.8699◦ )
Power in an RLS Circuit = 160 W .
33:06, calculus, numeric, > 1 min.
168 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
In a series RLC circuit, the resistance is 40 Ω, 169 (part 2 of 2) 10 points
the capacitance is 50 µF and the inductance Find the power dissipated in the resistor.
is 50 mH. The ac generator provides an rms Correct answer: 160 W.
voltage of 100 V operating at 1000 rad/s. Explanation:
Find the power supplied by the source. The power dissipated in a resistor that carries
Correct answer: 160 W. an alternating current is
Explanation: 2
PR = Irms R.
The power supplied by an ac source is given
by So, we have
P = Vrms Irms cos(φ) ,
PR = (2 A)2 (40 Ω)
where φ is the phase angle between the source
= 160 W .
voltage and source current. In a RLC circuit,
the phase angle is given by We note that the average power delivered by
µ ¶ the generator is dissipated as heat in the re-
−1 XL − XC
φ = tan . sistor.
R
For the reactances, we have Serway CP 21 29
33:06, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min.
XL = ω L 170 (part 1 of 3) 10 points
= (1000 rad/s) (0.05 H) A multimeter in an RL circuit records an rms
= 50 Ω . current of 0.5 A and a 60 Hz rms generator
voltage of 104 V. A wattmeter shows that
And the average power delivered to the resistor is
1 10 W.
XC =
ωC Find the impedance in the circuit.
1 Correct answer: 208 Ω.
=
(1000 rad/s) (5 × 10−5 F) Explanation:
= 20 Ω .
Therefore Given : I = 0.5 A ,
µ
50 Ω − 20 Ω
¶ f = 60 Hz ,
φ = tan−1 V = 104 V , and
40 Ω
◦
= 36.8699 . P = 10 W .
Vrms V
Irms = Z=
Z I
100 V (104 V)
= =
50 Ω (0.5 A)
=2A. = 208 Ω .
Version One – Homework 39 – Ashley Smith 44
so that Q = CV
P = (4 × 10−5 F)(120 V)
R= = 0.0048 C .
I2
(10 W)
=
(0.5 A)2 174 (part 2 of 3) 10 points
= 40 Ω . What is the resonant frequency of the cir-
cuit?
Correct answer: 251.646 Hz.
172 (part 3 of 3) 10 points Explanation:
Find the inductance L. An LC circuit
Correct answer: 0.541439 H. p oscillates with an angular
frequency ω = 1/L C, which would be the
Explanation: q resonant frequency. Thus
In an RL circuit, Z = R2 + XL2 , or
r
p ω 1 1
XL = Z 2 − R2 f= =
q 2π 2π LC
= (208 Ω)2 − (40 Ω)2
s
1 1
= 204.118 Ω . =
2π (0.01 H)(4 × 10−5 F)
Therefore, = 251.646 Hz .
XL
L= 175 (part 3 of 3) 10 points
2πf
What is the maximum current in the circuit?
(204.118 Ω)
= Correct answer: 7.58947 A.
2 π (60 Hz) Explanation:
= 0.541439 H . Initially the voltage across the capacitor
is V0pand it oscillates as V0 cos(ω t), where
ω = 1/L C. The phase δ is zero, since the
An LC Circuit
maximum voltage occurs at t = 0. To within
33:07, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min.
a sign, the voltage across the inductor is also
173 (part 1 of 3) 10 points
this expression, as by Kirchoff’s voltage law,
A capacitor of 40 µF is connected in series to
the voltage drops around a closed loop is zero.
an inductor of 10 mH and to an open switch.
Then
The capacitor is first charged to a voltage of
V = 120 V. The charging battery is then dI
V = −L = V0 cos ω t .
removed, and the switch is closed. dt
What is the maximum charge on the capac- Then integrating gives
itor? µ ¶1/2
Correct answer: 0.0048 C. V0 C
I(t) = − sin ω t = − V0 sin ω t .
Explanation: ωL L
Version One – Homework 39 – Ashley Smith 45
Thus the maximum current is The rms current at the operating frequency is
µ ¶1/2
C Vrms
I = V0 Irms =
L Z
50 V
·
4 × 10−5 F
¸1/2 =
= 120 V 18.0278 Ω
0.01 H = 2.7735 A .
= 7.58947 A .
For the period, we have
Heat Dissipated in AC Circuit
2π
33:07, calculus, numeric, > 1 min. T =
176 (part 1 of 1) 10 points ω
= 0.00314159 s .
A 10 Ω resistor, 10 mH inductor, and
100 µF capacitor are connected in series to
a 50 V(rms) source having variable frequency. Finally, we obtain for the heat dissipated in
Find the heat dissipated in the circuit during one period
one period if the operating frequency is twice
2
the resonance frequency. Heat = Irms RT
Correct answer: 0.241661 J. = (2.7735 A)2 (10 Ω) (0.00314159 s)
Explanation: = 0.241661 J .
The power dissipated in the resistor is given
by
2
Pav = Irms R.
Resonance C in RLC
Pav is the rate of energy dissipation. To get 33:07, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min.
the heat dissipated in the circuit during one 177 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
period, we need to multiply Pav by the period. A series RLC circuit has a resonance fre-
So, we have quency of 636.62 Hz. When it is operating
Heat = Pav T at a frequency of ω > ω0 , XL = 12 Ω and
2
= Irms RT . XC = 8 Ω. Calculate the value of C for the
circuit.
Since the operating frequency is twice the Correct answer: 25.5155 µF.
resonant frequency, we have Explanation:
ω = 2 ω0 Combining XL = ω L = 12 Ω, and XC =
2 1
=√ = 8 Ω, we find
LC ωC
2
=p L = (12 Ω)(8 Ω) C.
(0.01 H) (0.0001 F)
= 2000 rad/s . Substitute this into the expression
The reactances are given by
1
XL = ω L = 20 Ω , ω0 = √ = 4000 rad/s
1 LC
XC = =5Ω.
ωC
to find
The impedance is
q C = 25.5155 µF,
Z = R2 + (XL − XC )2
= 18.0278 Ω . L = 2.44949 mH.
Version One – Homework 39 – Ashley Smith 46
s
µ ¶2
1
178 (part 2 of 2) 10 points = R2+ ωL−
Calculate the value of L for the circuit. ωC
Correct answer: 2.44949 mH. = 662.467 Ω .
Explanation:
33:07, calculus, numeric, > 1 min. The resonance frequency for a series RLC
184 (part 1 of 2) 10 points circuit is
A series RLC circuit in which the 1500 Ω 1
resistor and the 15 nF capacitor is connected ω0 = √
to an ac generator whose frequency can be LC
1
varied. When the frequency is adjusted to =p
50.5 kHz, the current in the circuit reaches a (20 mH) (100 nF)
maximum at 0.14 A. = 22360.7 rad/s .
Determine the inductance.
Correct answer: 0.000662165 H.
Explanation: 187 (part 2 of 4) 10 points
The current in the RLC circuit reaches a Find the amplitude of the current at the res-
maximum when onant frequency.
Correct answer: 5 A.
1 Explanation:
ω0 L =
ω0 C At resonance,
so the inductance is Vmax
Imax =
1 R
L= (100 V)
ω02 C =
(20 Ω)
1
= = 5 A.
[2 π f ]2 C
1
=
[2 π (50.5 kHz)]2 (15 nF) 188 (part 3 of 4) 10 points
= 0.000662165 H . Find the quality factor of the circuit.
Correct answer: 22.3607 .
Explanation:
185 (part 2 of 2) 10 points The quality factor Q0 is given by
Determine the rms value of the generator volt-
ω0 L
age. Q0 ≡
Correct answer: 148.492 V. R
Explanation: (22360.7 rad/s) (20 mH)
=
At resonance, Z = R, so, (20 Ω)
= 22.3607 .
Vrms = Irms R
= (0.0989949 A) (1500 Ω)
189 (part 4 of 4) 10 points
= 148.492 V . Find the amplitude of the voltage across the
inductor at resonance.
Correct answer: 2236.07 V.
Resonance of an AC Circuit
Explanation:
33:07, calculus, numeric, > 1 min.
The amplitude of the voltage across the
186 (part 1 of 4) 10 points
inductor at resonance is
In a series RLC circuit, the inductance is
20 mH, the capacitance is 100 nF, the resis- VL = XL Imax
tance is 20 Ω, and the maximum potential is = ω0 L Imax
100 V.
Find the resonant angular frequency. = (22360.7 rad/s)
Correct answer: 22360.7 rad/s. × (20 mH) (5 A)
Explanation: = 2236.07 V .
Version One – Homework 39 – Ashley Smith 48
Explanation:
Serway CP 21 33
33:07, calculus, numeric, > 1 min.
Given : L = 0.2 mH and
190 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
An RLC circuit is used in a radio to tune C = 2.99792 × 108 m/s .
into an FM radio station broadcasting at
The frequency of the station is equal to the
88.9 MHz. The resistance in the circuit is
resonant frequency of the tuning circuit.
12 Ω, and the capacitance is 1.4 pF.
What inductance should be present in the 1
f0 = √
circuit? 2π LC
Correct answer: 2.28933 H. 1
Explanation: = p
2 π (0.0002 H)(3 × 10−11 F)
= 2.05468 × 106 Hz.
Given : f = 88.9 MHz ,
R = 12 Ω , and
192 (part 2 of 2) 10 points
C = 1.4 pF . What wavelength does it send?
Correct answer: 145.907 m.
The resonance frequency is given by
Explanation:
ω0 2 L C = 1 .
c 2.99792 × 108 m/s
For the angular frequency ω0 , we have λ= = = 145.907 m.
f 2.05468 × 106 Hz
ω0 = 2 π f
RC HighPass Filter
= 2 π (8.89 × 107 Hz)
33:08, calculus, numeric, > 1 min.
= 5.58575 × 108 rad/s . 193 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
Consider the circuit shown in the figure, with
Therefore, we have for the capacitance
resistance 800 Ω and and capacitance 0.09 µF.
1 1 C
L=
ω02 C
1
=
(5.58575 × 108 rad/s)2 Vin R Vout
1
×
(1.4 × 10−12 F)
= 2.28933 × 10−6 H
Calculate the ratio Vout /Vin for angular ve-
= 2.28933 µH . locity 300 rad/s.
Correct answer: 0.021595 .
Explanation:
Serway CP 21 34
The gain is
33:07, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min.
191 (part 1 of 2) 10 points Vout RI
A resonant circuit in a radio receiver is tuned =
Vin ZI
to a certain station when the inductor has a R
value of 0.2 mH and the capacitor has a value =
Z
of 30 pF. R
Find the frequency of the radio station. =q .
Correct answer: 2.05468 × 106 Hz. R2 + XC2
Version One – Homework 39 – Ashley Smith 49
R
What capacitance gives an output signal G= q
that has one-half the amplitude of a 300 Hz R2 + XC2
input signal? 0.5 Ω
Correct answer: 612.588 µF. =p
Explanation: (0.5 Ω) + (0.433013 Ω)2
2
Given:
Holt SF 22D 01
33:09, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min. ∆V1 = 12 V
201 (part 1 of 1) 10 points ∆V2 = 2.0 × 104 V
A step-down transformer providing electric- N1 = 21 turns
ity for a residential neighborhood has exactly
2680 turns in its primary. When the potential Solution:
difference across the primary coil is 5850 V,
the potential difference across the secondary ∆V2 N1
N2 =
is 120 V. ∆V1
How many turns are in the secondary? (20000 V)(21 turns)
=
(Round the answer to the nearest whole num- 12 V
ber.) = 35000 turns
Correct answer: 55 turns.
Explanation:
Basic Concept: Holt SF 22D 03
33:09, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min.
N2 203 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
∆V2 = ∆V1
N1 A step-up transformer for long-range trans-
mission of electric power is used to create a
Given: potential difference of 119340 V across the
secondary. The potential difference across
∆V1 = 5850 V
the primary is 117 V and the secondary has
∆V2 = 120 V 25500 turns.
N1 = 2680 turns How many turns are in the primary?
Correct answer: 25 turns.
Solution: Explanation:
∆V2 N1 Basic Concept:
N2 =
∆V1 N2
(120 V)(2680 turns) ∆V2 = ∆V1
= N1
5850 V
= 54.9744 , Given:
Holt SF 22Rev 36
210 (part 2 of 3) 10 points
33:09, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min.
What is the current in the secondary?
208 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
Correct answer: 0.054 A.
A transformer is used to convert 120 V to 6.3
Explanation:
V in order to power a toy electric train. There
Due to losses, 0.9 of the power in the primary
are 210 turns in the primary.
is transmitted to the secondary. So, we have
How many turns should there be in the
secondary? (Round the answer to the nearest
0.9 I1 V1 = I2 V2
whole number.)
V1
Correct answer: 11.025 turns. 0.9 V1 = I 2 V2
Explanation: Z1
Basic Concept: (120 V)
0.9 120 V = I2 (10000 V) .
(24 Ω)
N2
∆V2 = ∆V1
N1 I2 = 0.054 A .
Given:
211 (part 3 of 3) 10 points
∆V1 = 120 V
What is the impedance in the secondary?
∆V2 = 6.3 V Correct answer: 185.185 kΩ.
N1 = 210 turns Explanation:
The impedance of the secondary is
Solution:
∆V2 N1 V2
N2 = Z2 =
∆V1 I2
(6.3 V)(210 turns) 10000 V
= =
120 V 0.054 A
= 11.025 turns = 185.185 kΩ .
8 turns
Then
50 Ω
· ¸
80 Vrms N1 R L N1
RS = VS − V2
N2 V 2 N2
5 (50 Ω)
If a voltmeter across the load measures =
25 Vrms , what is the source resistance RS ? 2 (25 Vrms )
· ¸
Correct answer: 87.5 Ω. 5
× (80 Vrms ) − (25 Vrms )
Explanation: 2
= 87.5 Ω .
Let : RS = Source Resistor ,
RL = 50 Ω , StepUp Transformer
Version One – Homework 39 – Ashley Smith 55
So
V ∝n
V 110 V
n V Is I= = = 0.116295 A.
= = Z 945.867 Ω
ns Vs I
Is 221 (part 2 of 4) 10 points
n = ns If the primary is connected to 110 V dc, what
I
is the current through the primary? Disregard
Transformer 02 initial effects.
33:09, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min. Correct answer: 1.375 A.
219 (part 1 of 1) 10 points Explanation:
A transformer consists of two coils of wire V 110 V
wound on a common toroidal iron core. The I= = = 1.375 A.
R 80 Ω
mutual inductance of the pair is 100 mH and
the current in the first coil decreases from
222 (part 3 of 4) 10 points
13 A to 0 in 0.2 s. What is the induced emf in
In case 1, find the power dissipated in the
the second coil?
resistance.
Correct answer: 6.5 V.
Correct answer: 1.08197 W.
Explanation:
Explanation:
EMF due to mutual induction is
In case 1,
∆I
E = −M P = I 2 R = (0.116295 A)2 (80 Ω)
∆t
13 A = 1.08197 W.
= (0.1 H)
0.2 s
= 6.5 V
223 (part 4 of 4) 10 points
In case 2, find the power dissipated in the
resistance.
Coils of a Transformer
Correct answer: 151.25 W.
33:99, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min.
Explanation:
220 (part 1 of 4) 10 points
In case 2,
The primary coil of a certain transformer has
an inductance of 2.5 H and a resistance of P = I 2 R = (1.375 A)2 (80 Ω)
80 Ω. If the primary coil is connected to an
= 151.25 W.
ac source with a frequency of 60 Hz and a
voltage of 110 V rms, what is the rms current
through the primary? Current in an AC Circuit
Correct answer: 0.116295 A. 33:99, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min.
Explanation: 224 (part 1 of 3) 10 points
An ac voltage of the form v = vmax sin 2πf t,
with frequency 60 Hz and maximum voltage
XL = 2 π f L 170 V, is applied across a 60 W light bulb.
= 2 π (60 Hz)(2.5 H) When the voltage is first applied, what is the
= 942.478 Ω . current through the circuit?
Version One – Homework 39 – Ashley Smith 57
Solution:
231 (part 2 of 2) 10 points
N1 ∆V1 b) How much power would be lost through
=
N2 ∆V2 transmission if the generator’s output poten-
20000 V tial difference were not stepped up?
=
117 V Correct answer: 357778 kW.
= 170.94 Explanation:
Given:
Holt SF 22Rev 43 ∆V1 = 4500 V
33:99, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min.
230 (part 1 of 2) 10 points Solution:
A generator supplies 5.0 ×103 kW of power.
The output potential difference is 4500 V be- Pdissipated = I2 2 R
fore it stepped up to 510 kV. The electricity µ
P
¶2
travels 410 miles (6.4400 ×105 m) through = R
∆V1
a transmission line that has a resistance per ¶2 µ ¶
unit length of 4.5 ×10−4 Ω/m.
µ
P R
= d
a) How much power is lost through trans- ∆V1 d
mission of the electrical energy along the ¶2 µ
5 × 106 W
µ ¶
Ω
line? = 0.00045
Correct answer: 27.8547 kW. 4500 V m
Explanation: · (644000 m)
Basic Concepts: = 357778 kW
P = I∆V = I 2 R
The power dissipated by the alternating
∆V current whose potential difference has not
R=
I been stepped up is more than the power gen-
Given: erated. This indicates that without stepping
up its potential difference, electricity cannot
P = 5.0 × 103 kW be conveyed very far along a transmission line.
∆V2 = 510 kV
R Holt SF 22Rev 44
= 4.5 × 10−4 Ω/m
d 33:99, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min.
D = 644000 m 232 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
Version One – Homework 39 – Ashley Smith 59
The alternating potential difference of a gen- average power delivered by the generator is
erator is represented by the equation given by
The coil has an ohmic resistance and an in- We notice that, when the frequency is very
ductive reactance. Therefore, its impedance large, ω L is very large, and the impedance
is of the bottom branch is very large; so the
q the bottom branch carries negligible current.
Z = R2 + XL2 1
Also, will be negligible compared to Rt ;
p ωC
= R 2 + ω 2 L2 so the impedance of the top branch reduces to
. Zt = Rt . The current that flows in the power
supply and the top branch is
From the above equation, the inductance is
1p 2 Vrms
L= Z − R2 It =
ω Zt
1 p 2
= Z − R2 Vrms
2πf =
Rt
1
= 45 V
2 π (60 Hz) =
q 200 Ω
(42.1053 Ω)2 − (19.0476 Ω)2 = 0.225 A .
= 0.0996058 H .
Vrms Vrms
Ib =
Zb
Vrms
Rb L =
Rb
Find the rms current delivered by the power 45 V
supply when the frequency is very large. =
100 Ω
Correct answer: 0.225 A. = 0.45 A .
Explanation:
The impedance of the top branch is
s
¶2
Serway CP 21 66
µ
2 1
Zt = R t + . 33:99, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min.
ωC
238 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
The impedance of the bottom branch is Suppose you wish to use a transformer as an
q impedance-matching device between an au-
Zb = Rb2 + (ω L)2 . dio amplifier that has an output impedance
Version One – Homework 39 – Ashley Smith 61
Therefore, P = 0 W. Explanation:
The total power consumed in the secondary is
StepDown Transformer 02
33:99, calculus, numeric, > 1 min. P2 = 8 × P = 320 W .
243 (part 1 of 3) 10 points
A transformer operating from 120 V (rms) We want to find R1 such that
supplies a 12 V lighting system for a garden.
Eight lights, each rated 40 W , are installed P2 = I12 R1 ,
parallel.
Find the equivalent resistance of the sys-
where I1 is the primary current when the
tem.
transformer is used. The primary current is
Correct answer: 0.45 Ω.
found from
Explanation:
Since the lights are installed parallel, the volt- I 2 V2
age is the same across each. For each light, I1 =
V1
V22 (26.6667 A) (12 V)
P = =
R 120 V
V22 = 2.66667 A .
R=
P
(12 V)2 The required resistance is
=
40 W
= 3.6 Ω . P2
R1 =
I12
For the 8 lights parallel,
320 W
1 8 =
= (2.66667 A)2
Req R = 45 Ω .
8
=
3.6 Ω
Req = 0.45 Ω . Voltage Drop Across Inductor
33:99, calculus, multiple choice, > 1 min.
246 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
244 (part 2 of 3) 10 points
A coil of wire of negligible resistance, acting
What is the current in the secondary circuit?
as an ”inductor”, is connected into a simple
Correct answer: 26.6667 A.
electrical circuit as shown.
Explanation:
The current in the secondary circuit is
V2 capacitors,
I2 = ? V inductor
Req resistors, etc
12 V
=
0.45 Ω G
= 26.6667 A . generator
The voltage drop (or emf) across the induc-
245 (part 3 of 3) 10 points tor depends on which of the following:
What single resistance, connected across the
120 V supply, would consume the same power 1. the current flowing through it
as when the transformer is used?
Correct answer: 45 Ω. 2. its capacitance
Version One – Homework 39 – Ashley Smith 63
~ µ0 R dE 3. E(h + 2vt)
3. B = − N I + µ0 ǫ0
2πR 2 dt
~ µ0 R dE Explanation:
4. B = N I + µ0 ǫ0
2πR 2 dt The emf about the loop must be equal to
Explanation: the line integral of the electric field around
First we choose the orientation of the area. the loop. In the neighborhood of segment
It is simpler to work with positive fluxes, so 23, B is not changing, so we may reason that
let the area vector point into the page; this E is zero along it. For segments 12 and 34,
orientation means the path of integration is note that E is independent of x, so E along
clockwise about the ring. these segments must either be zero or the sum
must cancel. The emf must be entirely along
By inspection, there are N wires piercing segment 41, so Eh is the correct choice.
the defined area with current flow in the same
direction as the area vector, so the enclosed 005 (part 2 of 2) 5.0 points
current is N I. The flux of E through the area
is positive, but it is decreasing, so the displace-
ment current is −ǫ0 πR2|dE/dt|. Plugging
these into the Ampere-Maxwell equation,
dE
I
~ • d~ℓ = µ0 N I − µ0 ǫ0 πR
B 2
dt
~ = µ 0 R dE
B N I − µ0 ǫ0
2πR 2 dt
004 (part 1 of 2) 5.0 points Now apply the Ampere-Maxwell law to the
In Professor Feynman’s lecture on the EM loop 12561. The magnitude of the LHS is
waves modeled in the figures below, a con- found to be Bb. What is the magnitude of the
stant, uniform B field points in the −z- RHS?
direction and propagates outward at a con-
stant speed v in the ±x-directions. The B
field originates from a current sheet located 1. ǫ0 µ0 Bvb
in the yz-plane.
2. ǫ0 µ0 Evb correct
3. ǫ0 µ0 Bvh
Explanation:
We are looking for a term proportional to
dE/dt. Since there is only one option con-
taining E, it is the only choice. Physically,
ΦE = Ebvt, so dΦ/dt = Ebv.
Applying Faraday’s law to loop 12341, one
finds that the the magnitude of the RHS of 006 (part 1 of 2) 5.0 points
Faraday’s law is given by Bhv. What is the A point source at O emits light isotropically.
magnitude of the LHS? Denote the power which the point source ra-
diates by P . A small flat surface is placed at
1. Bh D, which is a distance r from O. This sur-
face has an area A and is perpendicular to the
2. Eh correct radial vector OD.
Version 095 – MT4 – chiu – (58655) 3
4. 4.23717e-09
5. 2.70859e-08
6. 9.67757e-09
r D 7. 7.12857e-09
O 8. 4.08372e-08
9. 3.04025e-09
Find the intensity I of the incident light at
10. 3.31584e-09
D.
2P Correct answer: 4.18929 × 10−9 N/m2 .
1. I =
3A Explanation:
P Note: The time-averaged energy density is
2. I =
2A
I P
P ū = = .
3. I = c 4 c π r2
6 π r2
P Then the average pressure on the surface is
4. I =
2 π r2 1 2
P pressure = ū + 2 ū
5. I = 3 3
3A 5 5P
P = ū =
6. I = 3 12 π c r 2
A 5 (116 W)
P =
7. I = 12 π (2.99792 × 108 m/s) (3.5 m)2
3 π r2
= 4.18929 × 10−9 N/m2 .
P
8. I =
π r2
P 008 10.0 points
9. I =
4A
P
3.65 µm
10. I = correct
4 π r2
Explanation:
Notice that the emission is isotropic. So θ
the total power P is associated with the
entire spherical surface enclosing the point
source. In other words the average intensity Determine the maximum angle θ for which
of a spherical wave is given by the light rays incident on the end of the light
pipe shown in the figure above are subject
∆P P to total internal reflection along the walls of
I= = .
∆A 4 π r2 the pipe. The pipe of diameter 3.65 µm has
an index of refraction of 1.22 and the outside
007 (part 2 of 2) 5.0 points medium is air.
Consider the setup described in Part 1, where 1. 63.1211
1 2. 37.3997
the surface absorbs of the light.
3 3. 53.0347
If P = 116 W, r = 3.5 m, and A = 4 mm2 , 4. 65.0828
find the average pressure on the surface. 5. 28.8009
1. 4.18929e-09 6. 61.267
2. 7.84057e-09 7. 44.3353
3. 2.32016e-08 8. 71.9894
Version 095 – MT4 – chiu – (58655) 4
9. 74.8957 An electron is oscillating along the x-axis
10. 45.7392 about the origin, and its position is given by:
From the right triangle the angle φ at the 010 (part 1 of 2) 5.0 points
left-hand interface is An ideal circuit contains an inductor of induc-
tance 135 mH and a capacitor of capacitance
φ = 90◦ − φc
38.3 µF. At what frequency will this circuit
= 34.948◦ . oscillate? Answer in units of Hz.
1. 63.2419
Applying Snell’s Law, we have
2. 69.9929
nair sin θ = npipe sin φ 3. 75.77
4. 60.5288
5. 57.0649
npipe sin φ 6. 103.47
θ = arcsin
nair 7. 119.787
1.22 sin 34.948◦ 8. 62.5258
= arcsin 9. 111.957
1
10. 56.2473
= 44.3353◦ .
Correct answer: 69.9929 Hz.
009 10.0 points Explanation:
Version 095 – MT4 – chiu – (58655) 5
In this case, we obtain:
Let : L = 135 mH = 0.135 H , and
C = 38.3 µF = 3.83 × 10−5 F . Q = 314.825 µC .
The natural frequency is given by
r
1 1
f=
2π LC 012 (part 1 of 3) 3.0 points
s
1 1 You spend the day at the beach. At noon
=
2 π (0.135 H) (3.83 × 10−5 F) you look at sky a little bit above the horizon
over the ocean. Describe the polarization of
= 69.9929 Hz . light that comes from that portion of the sky
to your eye. What is the best choice?
011 (part 2 of 2) 5.0 points
The capacitor is first charged to 360 µC and 1. It is predominantly unpolarized.
then connected to the inductor, forming an
ideal LC circuit. An ammeter measures cur- 2. It is predominantly polarized roughly ver-
rent flow in the circuit — when the current is tical to the horizon.
76.7853 mA, how much charge remains on the
capacitor? Answer in units of µC. 3. It is predominantly polarized roughly par-
1. 187.373 allel to the horizon. correct
2. 90.6688
3. 177.863 Explanation:
4. 350.09 For the case of blue noon sky, the incident
5. 328.668 sunlight is unpolarized (or randomly polar-
6. 314.825 ized in a plane perpendicular to its propaga-
7. 191.601 tion). However, since you are looking away
8. 144.043 from the Sun at the horizon the direct sunlight
9. 282.044 never reaches your eye. It is the rescattered
10. 308.049 light from the air molecules in that portion
of the sky that does reach your eye. The
Correct answer: 314.825. molecules reradiate in the same plane as the
Explanation: plane of the polarization of the sunlight. Near
the horizon, that plane is roughly parallel to
the horizon. From your view on the beach
Let : Q0 = 360 µC and you see light that is predominantly horizon-
I = 76.7853 mA . tally polarized.
Since there are no dissipative elements in the
circuit (i.e. resistors), energy is conserved 013 (part 2 of 3) 3.0 points
during the oscillation: Later in your day at the beach, the Sun sets
in the same portion of the sky a little bit
1 Q20 1 Q(t)2 1 2 above the horizon over the ocean. Describe
E= = + LI .
2 C 2 C 2 the polarization of light that comes from the
By solving this equation for Q(t), we can Sun to your eye. What is the best choice?
determine the charge on the capacitor for any
measured current I: 1. It is predominantly polarized roughly par-
s
2 allel to the horizon.
2 I
Q(t) = Q0 − .
ω 2. It is predominantly unpolarized. correct
Version 095 – MT4 – chiu – (58655) 6
Explanation:
The first polarizer transmits light that is
polarized perpendicular to the long molecules;
in this case, the polarization of the wave
An EM wave polarized along the x-axis and after passing through the first polarizer is
propagating in the +z direction is incident along sin θ x̂ + cos θ ŷ. The second polarizer
upon a pair of polarizers. The long molecules transmits light polarized along the x-axis, so
of the first polarizer make an angle θ with only the x-component of the EM wave passes
the +x-axis, while the long molecules of the through, leaving a wave that is once again po-
second polarizer are parallel to the y-axis, as larized along the x-axis (though reduced in
shown in the figure. intensity).
After passing through the first polarizer,
021 (part 1 of 2) 5.0 points
what is the polarization of the EM wave?
Consider the circuit shown in the figure
1. along the x-axis
where the switch has been initially in position
d for a long period of time so that a steady
2. along the z-axis
current has been achieved. Then, at time
t = 0 the switch is set to position c.
3. parallel to the direction of the long
molecules
E d
6. perpendicular to the direction of the long
molecules correct
Explanation:
Version 095 – MT4 – chiu – (58655) 9
What is the current through the inductor R = 97.6 Ω , and
at time t = 0? Let positive current flow be I0 = 3.3 A .
defined as from a to b.
After switching to c, the total stored energy
E is the magnetic energy at t = 0:
1. −
R
E
1
UL = L I02 ,
2. correct 2
R t=0
Let : L = 3 H ,
Version One – Homework 36 – Ashley Smith 1
= 0.36 V .
Energy in an Inductor
32:01, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min.
006 (part 2 of 2) 10 points 008 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
At what time is the emf zero, E = 0? A inductor of 300 turns has a radius of 5 cm
Correct answer: 3 s. and a length of 20 cm.
Explanation: Find the energy stored in it when the cur-
From Part 1, the induced emf is zero, E = 0, rent is 0.5 A.
when Correct answer: 0.000555165 J.
Explanation:
dI
=0 The inductance is
dt 2
2 b t0 − a = 0 2A 2 πr
a L = µ0 N = µ0 N
t0 = ` `
2b = 1.25664 × 10−6 N/A2
=3s 2
2 π (0.05 m)
× (300 turns)
(0.2 m)
Decreasing Current = 0.00444132 H .
32:01, calculus, numeric, > 1 min.
007 (part 1 of 1) 10 points The energy stored in an inductor is
An inductor in the form of an air-core solenoid 1
U= L I2
contains 420 turns, is of length 16 cm, and has 2
a cross-sectional area of 3 cm2 . 1
= (0.00444132 H)(0.5 A)2
What is the magnitude of the uniform rate 2
of change in current through the inductor = 0.000555165 J .
Version One – Homework 36 – Ashley Smith 3
B π D2
Inductance Coil Φ=BA= .
4
32:01, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min.
010 (part 1 of 1) 10 points Using the above expressions for Φ and B,
A coil has an inductance of 3 mH, and the we obtain for the inductance of the solenoid
current through it changes from 0.2 A to 1.5 A NBA
in 0.2 s. L1 =
I
Find the magnitude of the average induced
µ0 N 2 π D 2
emf in the coil during this period. =
Correct answer: 19.5 mV. 4`
Explanation: = (1.25664 × 10−6 N/A2 ) (120)2
π (0.01 m)2
×
∆I 4 (0.09 m)
E =L = 1.57914 × 10−5 H .
∆t · ¸
(1.5 A) − (0.2 A)
= (0.003 H)
0.2 s
012 (part 2 of 2) 10 points
= 0.0195 V = 19.5 mV. The core is replaced with a soft iron rod that
has the same dimensions, but a magnetic per-
meability 800 µ0 .
Inductance of a Solenoid
What is the new inductance?
32:01, calculus, numeric, > 1 min.
Correct answer: 0.0126331 H.
011 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
Explanation:
A solenoid has 120 turns of wire uniformly
Let L2 be the inductance of the solenoid
wrapped around an air-filled core, which has
with the soft iron core. In the first part of
a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 9 cm.
the problem we just need to change µ0 by µ.
Calculate the self-inductance of the
Thus
solenoid.
Correct answer: 1.57914 × 10−5 H. µ N 2 π D2
Explanation: L2 =
4`
Version One – Homework 36 – Ashley Smith 4
µ
= L1
µ0 6. E is an induced electromotive force, units
= 800 (1.57914 × 10−5 H) newtons
= 0.0126331 H .
Explanation:
Inductance of a Solenoid 02 E is the self-induced electromotive force, mea-
dI
32:01, calculus, multiple choice, > 1 min. sured in Volts. L is the inductance and
013 (part 1 of 4) 10 points dt
gives the rate of change of the current.
The goal of this 4 part problem is to compute
the inductance of a solenoid with N turns, 015 (part 3 of 4) 10 points
length l, cross section area of A, in air. Gen- The inductance is measured in units of:
erally speaking, what equation defines induc-
tance? 1. Ohm
dI
1. L = E/ 2. Henry correct
dt
dI
2. L = −E/ correct 3. Tesla
dt
3. L = E/I 4. Weber
dE 5. Volt
4. L = −I/
dt
dE 6. Amp
5. L = I/
dt
7. Light-year
6. EL
Explanation:
Explanation:
Solution:
The unit of inductance is Henry.
The general formula defining inductance is
dI
E = −L
dt 016 (part 4 of 4) 10 points
How do we determine E for a solenoid of cross
014 (part 2 of 4) 10 points section A? Assume the solenoid has N total
In the above answer, what is E and what are N
turns and a length l, and n = .
the units? Choose the best answer. l
d Φm
1. E is an induced electromotive force, units 1. E = −n ,
dt
volts where Φm = (Einterior )A
Calculate the self-induced emf in the solenoid 32:01, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min.
described in the first part if the current 021 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
through it is decreasing at the rate of 50 A/s. A 2 H inductor carries a steady current of
Correct answer: 9.04779 mV. 0.5 A. When the switch in the circuit is
Explanation: thrown open, the current disappears in 10 ms.
Using the equation What is the average induced emf in the
inductor during this time?
d ΦB Correct answer: 100 V.
E = −N ,
dt Explanation:
and given that
dI Given : L = 2 H,
= −50 A/s , I = 0.5 A , and
dt
t = 10 ms .
we get
From Faraday’s law, we know that the self-
dI induced emf is proportional to the time rate
E = −L
dt of change of the current. The proportionality
= −(0.000180956 H ) (−50 A/s ) constant L is the inductance of the inductor.
= 0.00904779 V = 9.04779 mV . Thus the self inductance is
∆I
|ε| = L
∆t
Serway CP 20 36 0.5 A
32:01, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min. = (2 H )
0.01 s
020 (part 1 of 1) 10 points = 100 V
A coiled telephone cord has a spiral with
70 turns turns , a diameter of 1.3 cm, and
an unstretched length of 60 cm. Serway CP 20 39
Determine the self-inductance of the un- 32:01, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min.
stretched cord. 022 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
Correct answer: 1.36217 × 10−6 H. A solenoid of radius 2.5 cm has 400 turns and
Explanation: a length of 20 cm.
Find its inductance.
Correct answer: 1.97392 mH.
Given : µ0 = 1.25664 × 10−6 n/A2 , Explanation:
N = 70 turns ,
r = 0.65 cm = 0.0065 m , and Given : r = 2.5 cm = 0.025 m ,
l = 60 cm = 0.6 m . N = 400 turns , and
l = 20 cm = 0.2 m .
The self-inductance is
A = π r 2 = π (0.025 m)2 = 0.0019635 m2 .
µ0 N2 A
L= The inductance is
l
= (1.25664 × 10−6 n/A2 ) µ0 N 2 A
L=
l
(70 turns)2 π (0.0065 m)2
× = (1.25664 × 10−6 n/a2 )
0.6 m
(400 turns)2 (0.0019635 m2 )
= 1.36217 × 10−6 H . ×
0.2 m
= 0.00197392 H
Serway CP 20 37 = 1.97392 mH .
Version One – Homework 36 – Ashley Smith 7
Therefore, Solution:
The Slinky is essentially a solenoid (coiled
q loops of wire). The inductance of a solenoid
n = 6.07927 × 107 (turns/m)2 depends on l and r, and N (the number of
loops of the coil), but does not depend on the
= 7800 turns/m
age of the child.
= 78 turns/cm
µ0 N 2 A µ0 N 2 (π r2 )
L= =
l l
Spring as an Inductor so
32:01, calculus, numeric, > 1 min. Ll
N2 =
027 (part 1 of 1) 10 points µ0 π r 2
A spring has a radius of 4 cm and an induc- s
tance of 125 µH when extended to a length of Ll
2 m. N=
µ0 π r 2
Find an approximate value for the total s
number of turns in the spring. (0.000125 H) (2 m)
=
Correct answer: 199 turns. (4π × 10−7 N/A2 ) π (0.04 m)2
Explanation: = 198.915
The spring can be considered as a solenoid.
The inductance of a solenoid is as N should be an integer, the answer is 199 .
µ0 N 2 A
L=
l Tightly Wound Circular Coil
A = πr 2 32:01, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min.
= π (0.04 m)2 029 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
A tightly wound circular coil has 50 turns,
= 0.00502655 m2
s each of radius 0.2 m. A uniform magnetic
Ll field is introduced perpendicular to the plane
⇒ N=
µ0 A of the coil.
s If the field increases in strength from 20 T
(0.000125 H) (2 m) to 20.3 T in 0.4 s, what average emf is induced
=
µ0 (0.00502655 m2 ) in the windings of the coil?
= 199 turns Correct answer: 4.71238 V.
Explanation:
∆Φ
We use E = N , with
Testing a Slinky ∆t
32:01, calculus, numeric, > 1 min. A = π r 2 = π (0.2 m)2 = 0.125664 m2 ,
028 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
A child (approximately 4 years old) takes her ∆Φ = ∆B A
metal “Slinky Toy” (a flexible coiled metal
= (20.3 T − 20 T) (0.125664 m2 )
spring) and does various tests to determine
that the Slinky has an inductance 125 µH, = 0.037699 T m2 .
when it has been stretched to a length of 2 m. Thus,
If a Slinky has a radius of 4 cm, what is the
∆Φ
total number of turns in the Slinky? E =N
Correct answer: 199 . ∆t
Explanation: (50 turns) (0.037699 T m2 )
=
Basic Concepts: Inductance of a (0.4 s)
solenoid. = 4.71238 V .
Version One – Homework 36 – Ashley Smith 9
Turns in a Solenoid R
32:01, calculus, numeric, > 1 min.
030 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
A solenoid inductor is 20 cm long and has R P L
a cross-sectional area of 5 cm2 . When the
current through the solenoid decreases at a E
rate of 0.625 A/s, the induced emf is 200 µV. S
Find the number of turns per meter of the
solenoid.
Correct answer: 1595.77 m−1 . What is the instantaneous current at point
Explanation: P immediately after the switch is closed?
The induced emf in the solenoid is
1. IP (0) = 0 correct
dI
ε = −L . E
dt 2. IP (0) =
R
The self-inductance of a solenoid is E
3. IP (0) =
2R
µ0 N 2 A E
L= . 4. IP (0) =
l RL
EL
Using the above expression, we obtain 5. IP (0) =
2R
2E
µ0 N 2 A dI 6. IP (0) =
ε=− R
l dt
ε l 3E
N2 = − 7. IP (0) =
dI R
µ0 A 4E
dt 8. IP (0) =
0.0002 V × 0.2 m R
=−
1.25664 × 10−6 N/A2 8E
9. IP (0) =
1 R
×
0.0005 m2 × (−0.625 A/s) 16E
10. IP (0) =
= 101859 R
Explanation:
N = 319.154 . The current in L has to change gradually.
So immediately after the switch is closed,
So, the number of turns per meter is there is no current going through point P.
L E2
AP EM 1993 MC 59 61 1. UL = correct
2 R2
32:02, calculus, multiple choice, > 1 min. LE
031 (part 1 of 3) 10 points 2. UL =
Consider the circuit shown. 2R
Version One – Homework 36 – Ashley Smith 10
Current, I [A]
L E2 5
3. UL = 4
4 R2
3
L R2 2
4. UL = 1
2 E2 2. 0
E 2 R2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910
5. UL =
4L Time, t [s]
LE
Current, I [A]
6. UL = 5
3R 4
LE 3
7. UL = 2
4R 1
3. 0
LE
8. UL = 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910
8R
Time, t [s]
LE
9. UL =
Current, I [A]
16 R 5
LE 4
10. UL = 3
32 R 2
1
4. 0
Explanation: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910
After the switch has been closed for a Time, t [s]
long time, the current in L does not change
Current, I [A]
any more. So no voltage increase or de- 5
crease across L. Therefore, the current going 4
E 3
through L is I = , which gives the energy 2
R 1
stored in L as 5. 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910
Time, t [s]
1 L E2
Current, I [A]
UL = L I2 = . 5
2 2 R2 4
3
2
1
6. 0
033 (part 3 of 3) 10 points 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910
After the switch has been closed for a long Time, t [s]
time, it is opened at time t = 0.
Current, I [A]
5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910
4
3 Time, t [s]
2
1
1. 0 cor-
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910
Time, t [s]
rect
Version One – Homework 36 – Ashley Smith 11
Current, I [A]
5 e) the charge accumulated in the coil
4 f) presence of a magnetic iron core inside
3 the coil
2
1 g) size and shape of the coil
8. 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 1. (a),(b),(c),(d) only
Time, t [s]
2. (b),(c),(e),(g) only
Explanation:
At time t = 0, the current at P is not zero.
3. (a),(c),(f),(g) only
Because the current going through L can not
be changed abruptly, so at time t = 0, the
4. all of them
current is non-zero. Also from the Kirchhoff’s
rule, we have
5. (a),(d),(f),(g) only correct
dI Explanation:
L + I R + I R = 0, dI
dt The voltage drop across the inductor −L
dt
which will give the expression for the current depends, as we can see, on L and on the rate of
2Rt
I as I = I0 e− L . dI
current change . L, in its turn depends on
The correct graph is dt
size and shape of the coil, the number of turns
Current, I [A]
t1 = −(0.2 s) ln (1 − 0.5)
= 0.138629 s . If the switch is thrown from position b
to position a (connecting the battery), how
much time elapses before the current reaches
Decaying Current 220 mA?
32:02, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min. Correct answer: 5.65842 ms.
037 (part 1 of 1) 10 points Explanation:
A certain circuit consists of an inductor of
15 mH in series with a resistor of 120 Ω. At
a moment when the current in the circuit is Let : R = 4.9 Ω ,
12 A, a switch in the circuit is opened. L = 140 mH , and
How long will it take for the current to fall E = 6 V.
to 4.44 A?
Correct answer: 0.000125 s.
Explanation: R L
The time constant τ of a circuit gives the S b
time required for the current to fall to 0.37 a
times its initial value. For an RL-circuit, E
L
τ= .
R
The time constant of an R L circuit is
If L
Here you can easily check that = 0.37, so τ=
I0 R
that the decay time to If is given by 0.14 H
=
4.9 Ω
0.015 H = 0.0285714 s .
τ= = 0.000125 s.
120 Ω The final current reached in the circuit is
If you did not notice this, then note that in E
I0 =
general the current at time t in such a circuit R
is given by 6V
=
4.9 Ω
I(t) = I0 e−t R/L = I0 e−t/τ , = 1.22449 A .
Version One – Homework 36 – Ashley Smith 13
The switch is in position a in an R L circuit The time t3 that elapses for the current to fall
connected to a battery at t = 0 when I = 0. to I3 = 0.16 A is
Then the current vs. time is µ ¶
I3
t3 = −τ ln
³ ´
I = I0 1 − e−t / τ . I0
= −(0.0285714 s)
Solving the above expression for t, when I = µ
0.16 A
¶
I1 gives × ln
1.22449 A
µ ¶
I1 = 58.1459 ms .
t1 = −τ ln 1 −
I0
= −(0.0285714 s)
µ ¶ Increase of the Current
0.22 A 32:02, calculus, numeric, > 1 min.
× ln 1 −
1.22449 A 041 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
= 5.65842 ms . An inductor that has an inductance of 15 H
and a resistance of 30 Ω is connected across a
100 V battery. What is the rate of increase of
039 (part 2 of 3) 10 points the current at 0 s.
What is the maximum current in the inductor Correct answer: 6.66667 A/s.
a long time after the switch is in position a? Explanation:
Correct answer: 1.22449 A. The current in an RL circuit is
Explanation:
ε ³ ´
After a long time compared to τ , we have a I= 1 − e−R t / L .
d.c. circuit with a battery supplying an emf E, R
which is equal to the voltage drop I R across The rate of change of the current is
the resistor. Thus
dI d ³ε ε ´
E = − e−R t / L
I= dt dt R R
R ε −R
6V = − e−R t / L ×
= R L
4.9 Ω ε −R t / L
= 1.22449 A . = e .
L
At t = 0 s , the rate is
040 (part 3 of 3) 10 points
Now the switch is quickly thrown from a to b, dI 100 V −(30 Ω) (0 s) / 15 H
= e
shorting the inductor and resistor. dt 15 H
How much time elapses before the current = 6.66667 A/s .
falls to 160 mA?
Correct answer: 58.1459 ms.
Explanation: 042 (part 2 of 2) 10 points
The current decay in an R L circuit when What is the rate of increase of the current at
there is no voltage source present, and the 1.5 s.
initial current is I0 , is Correct answer: 0.331914 A/s.
Explanation:
I = I0 e−t /τ . Using the same formula derived in Part 1, the
rate of change of the current at t = 1.5 s is
Solving the above equation for t we obtain
dI 100 V −(30 Ω) (1.5 s) / 15 H
µ ¶
I = e
t = −τ ln . dt 15 H
I0 = 0.331914 A/s .
Version One – Homework 36 – Ashley Smith 14
Nontrivial RL Circuit d I3
V − I1 R − I3 (2 R) − L = 0. (3)
32:02, calculus, numeric, > 1 min. dt
050 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
Prior to t = 0, the switch in the circuit is Using Eq. 1 to eliminate I2 in Eq. 2, we obtain
open.
4Ω V − I1 R − I1 R + I3 R = 0
=⇒ I1 (2 R) = I3 R + V . (20 )
8Ω 2.2 H
Substituting this into Eq. 3 gives
15 V
S 4Ω R d I3
V − (I3 R + V ) − I3 (2 R) − L = 0.
2R dt
(30 )
If the switch is closed at t = 0, find the which simplifies to this differential equation:
current in the inductor at t = 0.088 s.
Correct answer: 0.24726 A. d I3
Explanation: 2L + 5 R I3 = V .
dt
r
051 (part 2 of 2) 10 points C
7. Imax = E correct
Find the current in the switch at that same L
time. E
r
C
Correct answer: 1.99863 A. 8. Imax =
Explanation: R L
The current through the switch is the same Explanation:
as the current through the battery, I1 . Once Basic Concepts
we have I3 , we can use equation (20 ), which R C L circuits
gives us 1 2 1 2
L Imax = q
2 2 C max
1 V 1
I1 = I3 + = C E2
2 2R 2
1 (15 V) r
C
= (0.24726 A) + ⇒ Imax = E.
2 2 (4 Ω) L
= 1.99863 A .
053 (part 2 of 3) 10 points
Which has the dimension of time in an LC
RC and LC Circuits
circuit?
32:02, trigonometry, multiple choice, > 1 min.
052 (part 1 of 3) 10 points [L]
Consider the following circuit. After leaving 1. [T ] =
[C]
the switch at the position “a” for a long time,
move the switch from “a” to “b”. There will 2. [T ] = [L] [C]
be current oscillations.
[C]
3. [T ] =
L [L]
1
4. [T ] =
C [L] [C]
S b µ ¶1
[L] 2
5. [T ] =
a [C]
E
R 6. [T ] = ([L] [C]) 2 correct
1
µ ¶ 12
[C]
The maximum current will be given by 7. [T ] =
[L]
E √ µ
1
¶ 21
1. Imax = LC 8. [T ] =
R [L] [C]
r
L Explanation:
2. Imax =E
C Let the square bracket be used to denote
√ the dimension of the enclosed quantity. Recall
3. Imax = E LC
the time constant for a RC circuit, we have
[T] = [R][C]; while for LC circuit, we have [T]
r
1
4. Imax =E = [L]/[R], so the dimension of time in a LC
LC
circuit
E
5. Imax = 1 1
[T ] = (([R][C])([L]/[R])) 2 = ([L] [C]) 2 .
R
r
E L
6. Imax = 054 (part 3 of 3) 10 points
R C
Version One – Homework 36 – Ashley Smith 19
Which has the dimension of time in an RL The maximum current will be given by
circuit?
E √
1. Imax = LC
1. [T ] = [R] [L] R
r
L
[R] 2. Imax = E
2. [T ] = C
[L] √
1 3. Imax = E L C
3. [T ] =
[R] [L] r
1
[L] 4. Imax = E
4. [T ] = correct LC
[R]
E
5. [T ] = ([R] [L])2 5. Imax =
R
r
µ
[R]
¶2 E L
6. [T ] = 6. Imax =
[L] R C
r
µ
1
¶2 C
7. [T ] = 7. Imax = E correct
[R] [L] L
r
µ
[L]
¶2 E C
8. [T ] = 8. Imax =
[R] R L
Explanation:
Explanation: Basic Concepts
One may deduce the dimension of the quan- R C L circuits
tity involving R and C from the respective 1 1 2
2
potential differences. Here we have L Imax = q
2 2 C max
· ¸
dI 1
[E] = [I][R] = [L] = C E2
dt 2
r
[L] [I] C
⇒ = · ¸ = [T ] . ⇒ Imax = E.
[R] dI L
dt RC and LC Circuits 02
32:02, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min.
RC and LC Circuits 01 056 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
32:02, calculus, multiple choice, > 1 min. Consider the circuit below. After leaving the
055 (part 1 of 1) 10 points switch at the position “a” for a long time,
Consider the following circuit. After leaving move the switch from “a” to “b”. There will
the switch at the position “a” for a long time, be current oscillations.
move the switch from “a” to “b”. There will
be current oscillations. 50 mH
L 50 µF
S b
C
S b a
50 V
50 Ω
a
E
R
What is the maximum current?
Correct answer: 1.58114 A.
Version One – Homework 36 – Ashley Smith 20
Explanation: C
Let : L = 50 mH ,
R = 50 Ω , L S b
C = 50 µF , and a
E = 50 V . E
R
L
After leaving the switch at the position “a”
for a long time, the current reaches its steady
C state and this current is given by
S b
a 1. I = 0 .
E
R
2. I = L R .
1. Vca = Ee−1
L S b
2. Vca = 0
a
E
R 3. Vca = ∞
4. Vca = −E
What is the current at t = 0?
5. Vca = E correct
Version One – Homework 36 – Ashley Smith 26
1. Vb = Vc , from b through L to c
L S b 2. Vb > Vc , from b through L to c
a
E 3. Vb > Vc , from c through L to b
R
4. Vb = Vc , no current flow
What is the current at t = 0? 5. Vb > Vc , no current flow correct
EL −1
1. I0 = e 6. Vb = Vc , from c through L to b
R
E
2. I0 = 7. Vc > Vb , no current flow
R
EL 8. Vc > Vb , from b through L to c
3. I0 =
R
4. I0 = E R 9. Vc > Vb , from c through L to b
E ¡
1 − e−1
¢
5. I0 =
R
E
6. I0 = e−1 Explanation:
R
Let’s track the oscillation. At t = 0 the
E
7. I0 = √ current is at its maximum value flowing down
2R through the inductor; the capacitor is un-
8. I0 = ∞ charged. At one quarter of the period (i.e.,
1
EL ¡ t = T ), the bottom plate is fully charged.
9. I0 = 1 − e−1
¢ 4
R At t = 1/2 T the current is flowing up through
3
10. I0 = 0 correct the inductor while at t = T , the upper plate
4
Explanation: of the capacitor is fully charged.
The differential equation for an LC circuit 3
Hence at t = T , I = 0 and Vb > Vc .
is given by 4
dI RL and LC Circuits 10
E −IR−L = 0,
dt 32:02, calculus, multiple choice, > 1 min.
whose solution is · µ ¶¸ 075 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
E t Consider the figure shown below. The switch
I(t) = 1 − exp − .
R τL is initially set at position b. There is no charge
Version One – Homework 36 – Ashley Smith 28
nor current in the top loop while at position magnetic field in L continues to be zero tem-
b. At t = 0 the switch is set to position a. porarily i.e. i continues to be 0 temporarily.
C
076 (part 2 of 2) 10 points
3
At t = T , where T is the period of the LC
4
L S b circuit, the relationship between Vb and Vc ,
c
and the direction of the current through the
a inductor are given by
E
R
1. Vb = Vc , from b through L to c
E
µ ¶
1 1
4. I = 3. L + correct
R1 + R 2 R1 R2
Explanation: L
4.
When we wait a long time, the current I R2
dI L
though the inductor levels out, i.e., → 0. 5.
dt R1 + R 2
The voltage over the inductor is
6. L R1
dI
VL = L
dt 7. L R2
at all times. Thus VL → 0 as t → ∞, and
8. L(R1 + R2 )
we can replace the inductor in the figure by a
straight wire. When the current now comes Explanation:
from R1 to the junction where I1 splits into To find τx , we set up the loop equation
I2 and I, there is no resistance in the “I” through L
path but a nonzero resistance R2 in the other. dI
Naturally, the current takes the path with no E − R 1 I1 − L =0
dt
resistance. Since we do pass through R1 in
any case, the equivalent resistance is now R1 . and the loop through R2
At t = ∞
E E − R1 I1 − R2 (I1 − I) = 0
I=
R1 since I2 = I1 − I. We see from the second
I2 = 0 equation that
E + I R2
I1 =
081 (part 4 of 5) 10 points R1 + R 2
Find I2 after the circuit is closed for a long If we substitute this into the first equation,
time. we find
E
µ ¶
E + I R2 dI
1. I2 = E − R1 −L =0
R1 + R 2 R1 + R 2 dt
E or
2. I2 =
R1 µ ¶ µ ¶
E R2 R1 R2 dI
3. I2 = E − I −L =0
R2 R1 + R 2 R1 + R 2 dt
R L S b 1. I = 0
a E
E 2. I = correct
R
E
3. I =
RL
Version One – Homework 36 – Ashley Smith 32
4. I = R L E
4. VL =
R
L
5. I = 5. VL = E L
R
E 6. VL = R L
6. I =
L
Explanation: Explanation:
At time t −→ ∞, the exponential term in At time t −→ ∞, the exponential term in
Eq. (2) approaches zero as Eq. (2) approaches zero as
E E
I(∞) = I(∞) =
R R
From
From
I(0) = 0 ⇒ VL (0) = E
I(0) = 0 ⇒ VL (0) = E
and
E and
I(∞) = ⇒ VL (∞) = 0 . E
R I(∞) = ⇒ VL (∞) = 0 .
R
085 (part 3 of 6) 10 points Intuitive reasoning: at t=∞, I is constant;
What is the voltage drop VL across the induc- dI dI
tor at t = 0 ? i.e., = 0, or VL = L = 0.
dt dt
1. VL = EL 087 (part 5 of 6) 10 points
After the switch S has been at position “a”
2. VL = 0 for a long time (a time long relative to the
time constant of the circuit), it is switched to
E position “b”. Let this instant become t = 0.
3. VL =
L What is the current I at t = 0 ?
E
4. VL = L
R 1. I =
R
5. VL = E correct
2. I = 0
6. VL = R L E
3. I =
Explanation: RL
Rewriting the loop equation in term of VL
4. I = R L
E − I R − VL = 0 .
E
5. I = correct
R
086 (part 4 of 6) 10 points E
What is the voltage drop VL across the induc- 6. I =
L
tance after a long period of time t → ∞ ?
Explanation:
At this time, S is switched from position
1. VL = E
“a” to position “b”, thus removing the battery
from the circuit. This time is now called
2. VL = 0 correct
t = 0. The energy stored in the magnetic field
E of the induction can be dissipated through the
3. VL = resistor. Immediately at the new t = 0, the
L
Version One – Homework 36 – Ashley Smith 33
E
3. I =
RL V1 = ε1 exp(−t/τ )
4. I = R L L L
τ= =
Rtotal R1 + R 2
L ε
5. I = I0 =
R R2
E εR1
6. I = ε1 =
L R
µ2 ¶
Explanation: R1
V = ε exp(−t(R1 + R2 )/L)
At that time R2
I(∞) = 0 .
Rotating Conducting Disk
32:02, calculus, numeric, > 1 min.
090 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
RL Circuit 11 A metal disk with a radius of r = 15 cm
32:02, calculus, multiple choice, > 1 min. rotates with a frequency of 60 rev/s. A mag-
089 (part 1 of 1) 10 points netic field of B = 6 T is perpendicular to the
S
disk. A resistor of R = 45 Ω is connected
between the center and the edge of the disk.
i2 L
ε i1 R1
R
R2
i
1. ε exp(−tR2 /L)
2. ε exp(−t(R1 + R2 )/L)
ω
Version One – Homework 36 – Ashley Smith 34
Solenoid Length
32:02, calculus, numeric, > 1 min.
G galvanometer 108 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
S
A 0.388 mH inductor has a length that is four
times its diameter. If it is wound with 22 cm−1
turns per centimeter, what is its length?
When the switch is thrown from open to
Correct answer: 0.10913 m.
closed the galvanometer needle registers a de-
Explanation:
flection.
The inductance of a solenoid is
An iron core is placed coaxially in the
solenoids, as shown below. N2 A
L = µ0 .
l
The area is
iron core π 2
A= D
4
µ ¶2
π l
= .
S G galvanometer 4 4
Substituting the above expression in L, we
obtain
When the switch is thrown from open to µ0 N 2 π l 2
closed the galvanometer needle registers a de- L= .
64 l
flection which is
Noting that N = n l, the above equation be-
1. smaller than if the iron core were not comes
µ0 n 2 l 3 π
present. L= .
64
2. greater than if the iron core were not So, the length is
present. correct µ ¶ 13
64 L
l=
3. the same as if the iron core were not π µ0 n 2
present. µ ¶ 31
64 (0.000388 H)
=
Explanation: π (1.25664 × 10−6 N/A2 ) (2200 m−1 )2
An iron core, when inserted a solenoid = 0.10913 m .
will greatly increase the magentic field in
the solenoid (for the given current in the
solenoid’s windings). This occurs because of Telephone Self Inductance
the high value of the magnetic permeability 32:02, calculus, numeric, > 1 min.
of Ferromagnetic materials. 109 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
Hence (with the iron core placed inside the A coiled telephone cord has 70 turns, a cross-
solenoids) the rate of change in the mag- sectional diameter of 1.3 cm, and an un-
netic flux through both solenoids is greatly stretched length of 60 cm. Determine an
increased when the switch is thrown. approximate value for the self-inductance of
More specifically, since the rate change of the unstretched cord.
the magnetic flux in the smaller coil is in- Correct answer: 1.36217 × 10−6 H.
Version One – Homework 36 – Ashley Smith 39
L R L S b
ε R
a
E
S
Find the time constant of the circuit if L = Suppose we replace the inductor with one of
30 mH, E = 12 V, R = 6 Ω. the same area and length, but twice as many
Correct answer: 5 ms. turns.
Explanation: The time required for current to drop to
The time constant τ is given by 1
one-half its initial value, I(t) = I0
2
L
τ= 1. increases four-fold. correct
R
0.03 H
= 2. doubles.
6 ΩΩ
= 0.005 s = 5 ms .
3. halves.
R1
9. increases by exp(2).
Explanation:
R2 L S b
If the switch in the RL circuit is opened at
t = 0 then the current fades away as a
E
R
I(t) = I0 e− L t ,
Explanation:
Air Core Solenoid 01 The self-inductance of a solenoid is
32:03, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min.
120 (part 1 of 4) 10 points N2 A
Given: µ0 = 4 π × 10−7 T m/A. L = µ0
`
An air-core circular solenoid is shown in the = (1.25664 × 10−6 N/A2 )
figure below. A current of 13 A is established
(222)2 π (0.01 m)2
in the wire which makes up this solenoid. ×
0.4 m
40 cm = 0.0486414 mH ,
1 cm
where A = π r 2 .
13 A
Let : T = 4 s , µ0 N 2 A
L=
d` = 0.001 m , and l
2
d UL
Let : R = 8 Ω, PL =
dt
L = 4 H , and dI
= LI
E = 24 V . dt
E −t/τ
= LI e
Rτ
R L E
= LI ,
Rτ e
E because t = τ .
S L
Recall τ = , so
R
I
E R1
PL = L I
The current as a function of time in an RL R L e
circuit that has zero initial current is given by 1
=IE
e
E ³ −t/τ
´
1
I= 1−e = (1.89636 A)(24 V)
R e
= 16.7432 W .
which for the case where t = τ gives
E ¡ Alternative solution: From energy con-
1 − e−1
¢
I= servation, it follows that the power being sup-
R
plied by the battery, IE, is the sum of the
µ ¶
(24 V) 1
= 1− power dissipated by the resistor at a rate I 2 R,
(8 Ω) e
= 1.89636 A . and the energy buildup rate in the inductor
PL . Thus
The power dissipated in the resistor is given
by I E = I 2 R + PL , or
P = I2 R
= (1.89636 A)2 (8 Ω) PL = I E − I 2 R
= 28.7695 W . = 16.7432 W .
Version One – Homework 36 – Ashley Smith 45
L = µ 0 n2 π r 2 l