CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Clickers are handheld devices which are used to collect responses from students

through their smartphones or the proposed remote control that is made with an Arduino

microcontroller, the WIFI module, a keypad, and the LCD display. For students with

smartphones available, an application is best suited for the users. (ADD SENTENCES)

The project considers class participation as form of formative assessment as one of its

major goals and the convenience of both teachers and the students since the answers and the

corresponding scores are received and recorded through a server and the grades of each

student will also be recorded online.

This chapter includes the design criteria and design constrains, the design plan

preparation and the testing and evaluation of the proposed study.

Design Criteria

Functionality

The remote control must be designed accordingly with its function and the programs

should also be as accurate. Smart phone users will be using a mobile application and the

students who do not have access to it, they are given remote controls which will also be

designed and constructed in this study. Whether it’s a smart phone application or the remote

control, it will be made sure that both sides will be having the same convenience when

participating in the project. The programs which are to be coded are quite numerous and must

be keenly checked during its operation. The functions of the programs include: the capability of

the system to gather all the records of the students during the activity, the grades should be
automatically recorded online after the activity and overall, all handheld devices whether the

smart phone or the proposed remote control must all have the same function.

Sustainability

Sustainability refers to the ability of an engineering design to perform under normal

operating conditions for given length of time. In the choosing of the parts and modifications,

choosing the most generic parts possible with multiple providers to ensure a long manufacturing

lifetime is considered. The device should still be able to sustain its function given a certain

period of time. Electronic devices should be working perfectly especially if they are newly

manufactured or newly bought; however, some functions might deteriorate through time, even

components as simple as the push buttons do malfunction.

Accuracy

The system has to be accurate in terms of recording the grades and counting the correct

number of students who got the correct answers. When it comes to grades, being precise is not

enough since every point counts and could be crucial in the final results. In other words, the

grades which are recorded must be exact such that no amount of error is present. Lastly, when

the system counts the number of correct answers, it should also be exact since the points which

should be recorded online are partly based on the number of correct answers.

Design constraints

Design constraints are conditions that need to happen for a project to be successful and

help narrow choices when creating a project. These include imposed limitations that you don't

control and limitations that are self-imposed as a way to improve a design.

Connectivity

There are connectivity issues from time to time and some are even unavoidable.

Using the WIFI module, connectivity issues may persist. (ADD SENTENCES: EXPLAIN

FURTHER)

(AT LEAST 3 CONSTRAINTS)

Design Plan Preparation

Figure 1.The Application System Flow Chart

 The system will let the teacher enter the question on the server, by which will then be

sent to the students through the application. The questions will then be answered by the

students which are then sent back to the server for checking and recording. In the application,

aside from displaying the questions and the choices, the students can also monitor their

weighted average on quizzes and seat works as well as their attendance.

DESIGN PLAN PREPARATION SANG REMOTE CONTROL

Design Process and Construction

APPLICATION & REMOTE CONTROL

Testing and Evaluation Procedure

INTRO ANAY BES

Functionality

Table 2. Functionality Criterion

Functionality Do the following functions work?

PASS FAIL

Did the smart phone receive

data? Did the questions and
the multiple choices display
in the application (of the
smart phone)?

Did the questions and

choices of the teacher
correspond to the questions
and choices of the students
seen in the application?

Did the mobile/remote

control send the data to the
server?

Does the answers being sent

to the teacher matches the
answers of the students?

Did the grades automatically

calculated and recorded
online?

Table 2 is used to test the system if it is able to perform the following tasks.

If the device matched the functionality questions, then it has PASSED the functionality

test. Otherwise, FAILED.

Accuracy

Table 3. Accuracy Criterion

Accuracy Tri Actual Recorded Percent Error

al

2
Number of
correct answers 3

2
Number of wrong
answers 3

Weighted 2
average (%) of
the recorded 3
grades
4

5
Table 2 is used to measure the accuracy of the system.

The objective of this criterion is to achieve the performance accuracy of the

program and the performance stability of the mobile application and the remote control.

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑠 − 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑠

% Error = 𝑥 100
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑠

Note: The percent error must be equal to zero to achieve maximum accuracy
Sustainability

Table 3. Sustainability Criterion

Data to be gathered

Parameters to be analyzed

When the students use the device, he or she will be able to know how to

understand and answer the device and questions respectively. Whether the questions

are in multiple choices or should be answered in numbers, the students should be able

to identify which way to answer. The answers will be read by the system and will be

categorized whether the students gave the correct or wrong answer.