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Single photon detection by Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs)

Linear operation at high gain (M~1000)


Problems with noise and gain stability

∆I= 80 nA @∆τ=2ns and M=1000

Geiger mode operation – passive quenching circuit

Va> UBR, R1=200 kΩ, R2=200 Ω


Multi-Pixel Photon Counter (by Hamamatsu)
Geiger mode operation –active quenching circuit
UR>UBR
Uq

TTL out

UREF

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