PVSYST V6.

43 MAQO TECHNOLOGIES (M) SDN BHD 25/06/18 Page 1/4

TAMAN PERINDUSTRIAN PUCHONG - 47100 - SELANGOR - MALAYSIA

Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters

Project :
Geographical Site Penang/Bayan Country Malaysia
Situation Latitude 5.3°N Longitude 100.3°E
Time defined as Legal Time Time zone UT+8 Altitude 11 m
Albedo 0.20
Meteo data: Penang Synthetic

Simulation variant : 998kWp_Longi345M + Huawei 60KTL_1.05

Simulation date 25/06/18 12h32

Simulation parameters
Collector Plane Orientation Tilt 10° Azimuth 0°
Models used Transposition Perez Diffuse Perez, Meteonorm
Horizon Free Horizon
Near Shadings No Shadings

PV Arrays Characteristics (2 kinds of array defined)

PV module Si-mono Model LR6-72-345M
Custom parameters definition Manufacturer Longi Solar
Sub-array "Sub-array #1"
Number of PV modules In series 21 modules In parallel 69 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 1449 Unit Nom. Power 345 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 500 kWp At operating cond. 448 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 716 V I mpp 626 A
Sub-array "Sub-array #2"
Number of PV modules In series 21 modules In parallel 69 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 1449 Unit Nom. Power 345 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 500 kWp At operating cond. 448 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 716 V I mpp 626 A
Total Arrays global power Nominal (STC) 1000 kWp Total 2898 modules
Module area 5617 m² Cell area 5127 m²

Inverter Model SUN2000-60KTL-HV

Custom parameters definition Manufacturer Huawei Technologies
Characteristics Operating Voltage 600-1450 V Unit Nom. Power 60 kWac
Sub-array "Sub-array #1" Nb. of inverters 8 units Total Power 480 kWac
Sub-array "Sub-array #2" Nb. of inverters 8 units Total Power 480 kWac
Total Nb. of inverters 16 Total Power 960 kWac

PV Array loss factors

Array Soiling Losses Loss Fraction 2.0 %
Thermal Loss factor Uc (const) 29.0 W/m²K Uv (wind) 0.0 W/m²K / m/s
Wiring Ohmic Loss Array#1 28 mOhm Loss Fraction 2.1 % at STC
Array#2 26 mOhm Loss Fraction 2.0 % at STC
Global Loss Fraction 2.1 % at STC
Serie Diode Loss Voltage Drop 0.7 V Loss Fraction 0.1 % at STC
LID - Light Induced Degradation Loss Fraction 1.2 %
Module Quality Loss Loss Fraction -0.4 %
Module Mismatch Losses Loss Fraction 1.0 % at MPP
 PVSYST V6.43 MAQO TECHNOLOGIES (M) SDN BHD 25/06/18 Page 2/4

TAMAN PERINDUSTRIAN PUCHONG - 47100 - SELANGOR - MALAYSIA

Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters (continued)

Incidence effect, ASHRAE parametrization IAM = 1 - bo (1/cos i - 1) bo Param. 0.05

System loss factors

AC loss, transfo to injection Grid Voltage 11 kV
Wires: 3x300.0 mm² 100 m Loss Fraction 0.0 % at STC
External transformer Iron loss (24H connexion) 1965 W Loss Fraction 0.2 % at STC
Resistive/Inductive losses 1231.3 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC

User's needs : Unlimited load (grid)

Grid power limitation Active Power 833 kW Pnom ratio 1.200
 PVSYST V6.43 MAQO TECHNOLOGIES (M) SDN BHD 25/06/18 Page 3/4

TAMAN PERINDUSTRIAN PUCHONG - 47100 - SELANGOR - MALAYSIA

Grid-Connected System: Main results

Project : TORAY PENANG
Simulation variant : 998kWp_Longi345M + Huawei 60KTL_1.05
Main system parameters System type Grid-Connected
PV Field Orientation tilt 10° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model LR6-72-345M Pnom 345 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 2898 Pnom total 1000 kWp
Inverter Model SUN2000-60KTL-HV Pnom 60.0 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 16.0 Pnom total 960 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Main simulation results

System Production Produced Energy 1443 MWh/year Specific prod. 1443 kWh/kWp/year
Performance Ratio PR 80.0 %

Normalized productions (per installed kWp): Nominal power 1000 kWp Performance Ratio PR
7 1.0
PR : Performance Ratio (Yf / Yr) : 0.800
Lc : Collection Loss (PV-array losses) 0.85 kWh/kWp/day
Ls : System Loss (inverter, ...) 0.14 kWh/kWp/day
Yf : Produced useful energy (inverter output) 3.95 kWh/kWp/day
6
0.8
Normalized Energy [kWh/kWp/day]

5
Performance Ratio PR

0.6
4

3
0.4

0.2
1

0 0.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

998kWp_Longi345M + Huawei 60KTL_1.05

Balances and main results

GlobHor T Amb GlobInc GlobEff EArray E_Grid EffArrR EffSysR

kWh/m² °C kWh/m² kWh/m² MWh MWh % %
January 163.0 27.80 175.5 167.8 144.4 139.8 14.65 14.18
February 159.0 28.20 166.1 158.6 134.8 130.5 14.45 13.99
March 173.0 28.20 175.0 166.8 144.3 139.7 14.68 14.21
April 160.0 28.30 156.3 148.7 129.6 125.4 14.77 14.28
May 153.0 28.50 145.1 137.9 120.9 116.8 14.84 14.33
June 141.0 28.20 133.0 126.0 110.9 107.0 14.84 14.32
July 148.0 27.90 139.8 132.6 116.1 112.0 14.78 14.26
August 144.0 27.80 139.3 132.1 116.1 112.1 14.83 14.32
September 138.0 27.50 137.6 130.8 114.4 110.4 14.81 14.29
October 135.0 27.20 138.5 131.7 115.8 111.8 14.88 14.36
November 135.0 27.40 142.0 134.9 116.9 112.9 14.66 14.15
December 145.0 27.60 156.2 148.9 129.2 124.9 14.72 14.23

Year 1794.0 27.88 1804.5 1716.7 1493.6 1443.2 14.73 14.24

Legends: GlobHor Horizontal global irradiation EArray Effective energy at the output of the array
T Amb Ambient Temperature E_Grid Energy injected into grid
GlobInc Global incident in coll. plane EffArrR Effic. Eout array / rough area
GlobEff Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings EffSysR Effic. Eout system / rough area
 PVSYST V6.43 MAQO TECHNOLOGIES (M) SDN BHD 25/06/18 Page 4/4

TAMAN PERINDUSTRIAN PUCHONG - 47100 - SELANGOR - MALAYSIA

Grid-Connected System: Loss diagram

Project : TORAY PENANG
Simulation variant : 998kWp_Longi345M + Huawei 60KTL_1.05
Main system parameters System type Grid-Connected
PV Field Orientation tilt 10° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model LR6-72-345M Pnom 345 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 2898 Pnom total 1000 kWp
Inverter Model SUN2000-60KTL-HV Pnom 60.0 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 16.0 Pnom total 960 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Loss diagram over the whole year

1794 kWh/m² Horizontal global irradiation

+0.6% Global incident in coll. plane

-2.9% IAM factor on global

-2.0% Soiling loss factor

1717 kWh/m² * 5617 m² coll. Effective irradiance on collectors

efficiency at STC = 17.79% PV conversion

1716 MWh Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)

-0.8% PV loss due to irradiance level

-9.3% PV loss due to temperature

+0.4% Module quality loss

-1.2% LID - Light induced degradation

-1.0% Module array mismatch loss
-1.5% Ohmic wiring loss
1494 MWh Array virtual energy at MPP

-1.7% Inverter Loss during operation (efficiency)

0.0% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. power
0.0% Inverter Loss due to power threshold
0.0% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. voltage
0.0% Inverter Loss due to voltage threshold
1468 MWh Available Energy at Inverter Output

0.0% AC ohmic loss

-1.7% External transfo loss

1443 MWh Energy injected into grid