Crusading Warfare

Exploring the Military History of the Crusades

William James Hamblin
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Arab Bedouin Tribes
during the
Age of the Crusades
 Q al-Rum
♜ Mardin
Adana Edessa Nisibin
Aintab
Adalia Tarsus Mamistra Saruj
Haran

♜ Mosul
Q al-Najm
Artah Irbil
Seleucia Antioch Aleppo Sinjar

St Simeon
Raqqah
♜
Q al-Ja’bar
Kirkuk
Latakia Apamea
Shayzar
Nicosia ♜ Rahba
Famagusta Hamah

Tortosa
Tikrit
Paphos Limassol Homs Palmyra Ana
♜
Tripoli
Samara

Baalbak
Beirut

Sidon Damascus
Ramadi
Baghdad
Tyre Banyas

Safed
Acre
Tiberius Karbala

Hilla

“Fertile Crescent”
Baisan
Caesarea
Nablus

Green = Agriculture
Jaffa Kufa

Ramla Amman
Rosetta
Alexandria Damietta
Ascalon Jerusalem
Orange = Steppe/Desert = Pastoralism
Mansura El Arish

Bilbays
Cairo
 Q al-Rum
♜ Mardin
Adana Edessa Nisibin
Aintab
Adalia Tarsus Mamistra Saruj
Haran

♜ Mosul
Q al-Najm
Artah Irbil
Seleucia Antioch Aleppo Sinjar

St Simeon
Raqqah
♜
Q al-Ja’bar
Kirkuk
Latakia Apamea
Shayzar
Nicosia ♜ Rahba
Famagusta Hamah

Tortosa
Tikrit
Paphos Limassol Homs Palmyra Ana
♜
Tripoli
Samara

Beirut
Baalbak
Arab = Arab bedouin
Tyre
Sidon

Banyas
Damascus
in most Medieval Sources Ramadi
Baghdad

Safed
Acre
Tiberius Karbala

Caesarea
Baisan

Nablus
Six major Arab bedouin Hilla

Jaffa

Ramla Amman
dynasties before the Crusades; Kufa

All Shi’ites
Rosetta Ascalon Jerusalem
Alexandria Damietta

Mansura El Arish

Bilbays
Cairo
 Q al-Rum
♜ Mardin
Adana Edessa Nisibin
Aintab
Adalia Tarsus Mamistra Saruj
Haran

♜ Mosul
Q al-Najm
Artah Irbil
Seleucia Antioch Aleppo Sinjar

St Simeon
Raqqah
♜
Q al-Ja’bar
Kirkuk
Latakia Apamea
Shayzar
Nicosia ♜ Rahba
Famagusta Hamah

Tortosa
Tikrit
Paphos Limassol Homs Palmyra Ana
♜
Tripoli
Samara

Baalbak
Beirut

Sidon Damascus
Ramadi
Baghdad
Tyre Banyas

Safed
Acre
Tiberius Karbala

Hilla
Baisan
Caesarea
Nablus
Jaffa Kufa

Ramla Amman
Rosetta Ascalon Jerusalem
Alexandria Damietta

Mansura El Arish Qaramiti

(Shi’ite)
Cairo
Bilbays {894-977}
 Q al-Rum
♜ Mardin
Adana Edessa Nisibin
Aintab

Hamdanids
Adalia Tarsus Mamistra Saruj
Haran

Mosul
(Shi’ite)
♜
Q al-Najm
Artah Irbil
Seleucia Antioch Aleppo Sinjar

St Simeon
{906-1004}
♜
Q al-Ja’bar
Raqqah

Kirkuk
Latakia Apamea
Shayzar
Nicosia ♜ Rahba
Famagusta Hamah

Tortosa
Tikrit
Paphos Limassol Homs Palmyra Ana
♜
Tripoli
Samara

Baalbak
Beirut

Sidon Damascus
Ramadi
Baghdad
Tyre Banyas

Safed
Acre
Tiberius Karbala

Hilla
Baisan
Caesarea
Nablus
Jaffa Kufa

Ramla Amman
Rosetta Ascalon Jerusalem
Alexandria Damietta

Mansura El Arish

Bilbays
Cairo
 Q al-Rum
♜ Mardin
Adana Edessa Nisibin
Aintab
Adalia Tarsus Mamistra Saruj
Haran

♜ Mosul
Q al-Najm
Artah Irbil
Seleucia Antioch Aleppo Sinjar

St Simeon
Raqqah
♜
Q al-Ja’bar
Kirkuk
Latakia Apamea
Shayzar
Nicosia ♜ Rahba
Famagusta Hamah

Tortosa
Tikrit
Paphos Limassol Homs Palmyra Ana
♜
Tripoli
Samara

Baalbak
Beirut

Sidon Damascus
Ramadi
Baghdad
Tyre Banyas

Safed
Mazyadids
Acre
Tiberius
(Shi’ite) Karbala

Hilla

Caesarea
Baisan

Nablus
{961-1150}
Jaffa Kufa

Ramla Amman
Rosetta Ascalon Jerusalem
Alexandria Damietta

Mansura El Arish

Bilbays
Cairo
 Q al-Rum
♜ Mardin
Adana Edessa Nisibin
Aintab
Adalia Tarsus Mamistra Saruj
Haran

♜ Mosul
Q al-Najm
Artah Irbil
Seleucia Antioch Aleppo Sinjar

St Simeon
Raqqah
♜
Q al-Ja’bar
Kirkuk
Latakia Apamea
Shayzar
Nicosia ♜ Rahba

Numayrids
Famagusta Hamah

Tortosa
Tikrit
Paphos Limassol

Tripoli
Homs
♜
Palmyra (Shi’ite) Ana

Samara

Baalbak
{990-1081}
Beirut

Sidon Damascus
Ramadi
Baghdad
Tyre Banyas

Safed
Acre
Tiberius Karbala

Hilla
Baisan
Caesarea
Nablus
Jaffa Kufa

Ramla Amman
Rosetta Ascalon Jerusalem
Alexandria Damietta

Mansura El Arish

Bilbays
Cairo
 Q al-Rum
♜ Mardin
Adana Edessa Nisibin
Aintab
Adalia Tarsus Mamistra Saruj
Haran

Uqaylids
♜ Mosul
Q al-Najm
Artah Irbil
Seleucia Antioch Aleppo Sinjar

St Simeon
(Shi’ite)
♜
Q al-Ja’bar
Raqqah

Latakia Apamea {990-1169} Kirkuk

Shayzar
Nicosia ♜ Rahba
Famagusta Hamah

Tortosa
Tikrit
Paphos Limassol Homs Palmyra Ana
♜
Tripoli
Samara

Baalbak
Beirut

Sidon Damascus
Ramadi
Baghdad
Tyre Banyas

Safed
Acre
Tiberius Karbala

Hilla
Baisan
Caesarea
Nablus
Jaffa Kufa

Ramla Amman
Rosetta Ascalon Jerusalem
Alexandria Damietta

Mansura El Arish

Bilbays
Cairo
 Q al-Rum
♜ Mardin
Adana Edessa Nisibin
Aintab
Adalia Tarsus Mamistra Saruj
Haran

♜ Mosul
Q al-Najm
Artah Irbil
Seleucia Antioch Aleppo Sinjar

St Simeon
Raqqah
♜
Q al-Ja’bar
Kirkuk
Latakia

Mirdasids
Apamea
Shayzar
Nicosia ♜ Rahba
Famagusta Hamah

Paphos
(Shi’ite)
Tortosa
Tikrit

{1024-1080}
Limassol Homs Palmyra Ana
♜
Tripoli
Samara

Baalbak
Beirut

Sidon Damascus
Ramadi
Baghdad
Tyre Banyas

Safed
Acre
Tiberius Karbala

Hilla
Baisan
Caesarea
Nablus
Jaffa Kufa

Ramla Amman
Rosetta Ascalon Jerusalem
Alexandria Damietta

Mansura El Arish

Bilbays
Cairo
 Q al-Rum
♜ Mardin
Adana Edessa Nisibin
Aintab
Adalia Tarsus Mamistra Saruj
Haran

♜ Mosul
Q al-Najm
Artah Irbil
Seleucia Antioch Aleppo Sinjar

St Simeon
Raqqah
♜
Q al-Ja’bar
Kirkuk
Latakia Apamea
Shayzar
Nicosia ♜ Rahba
Famagusta Hamah

Tortosa
Tikrit
Paphos Limassol Homs Palmyra Ana
♜
Tripoli
Samara

Baalbak
Beirut

Sidon Damascus
Ramadi
Baghdad
Tyre

All Arab Bedouin

Banyas

Safed
Acre
Tiberius Karbala

Caesarea
Baisan dynasties before the Turks Hilla

Jaffa
Nablus

were Shi'ites Kufa

Ramla Amman
Rosetta Ascalon Jerusalem
Alexandria Damietta

Mansura El Arish

Bilbays
Cairo
 Q al-Rum
♜ Mardin
Adana Edessa Nisibin
Aintab
Adalia Tarsus Mamistra Saruj
Haran

♜ Mosul
Q al-Najm
Artah Irbil
Seleucia Antioch Aleppo Sinjar

St Simeon
Raqqah
♜
Q al-Ja’bar
Kirkuk
Latakia Apamea
Shayzar
Nicosia ♜ Rahba
Famagusta Hamah

Tortosa
Tikrit
Paphos Limassol Homs

Path of Turkish
Palmyra Ana
♜
Tripoli
Samara

Beirut
Baalbak
Migration and Invasion
Sidon Damascus {1050s-1080s} Ramadi
Baghdad
Tyre Banyas

Safed
Acre
Tiberius Karbala

Caesarea
Baisan
Turks destroy Arab Dynasties Hilla

Nablus
Jaffa But do not eliminate Kufa

Rosetta
Alexandria Damietta
Ascalon
Ramla
Jerusalem
Amman
Arab bedouin Tribes
Mansura El Arish

Bilbays
Cairo
 Q al-Rum
♜ Mardin
Adana Edessa Nisibin
Aintab
Adalia Tarsus Mamistra Saruj
Haran

♜ Mosul
Q al-Najm
Artah Irbil
Seleucia Antioch Aleppo Sinjar

St Simeon Zone of competition between

Raqqah

Arab bedouins and Turkman nomads

♜
Q al-Ja’bar
Kirkuk
Latakia Apamea
Shayzar
Nicosia ♜ Rahba
Famagusta Hamah

Tortosa
Tikrit
Paphos Limassol Homs Palmyra Ana
♜
Tripoli
Samara

Baalbak
Beirut

Sidon Damascus
Ramadi
Baghdad
Tyre Banyas

Safed
Acre
Tiberius Karbala

Hilla
Baisan
Caesarea

Jaffa
Nablus
South = Desert = Camel = Arab bedouins Kufa

Ramla Amman North = Steppe = Horse = Turkman nomads

Rosetta Ascalon Jerusalem
Alexandria Damietta

Mansura El Arish

Bilbays
Cairo
 Q al-Rum
♜ Mardin
Adana Edessa Nisibin
Aintab
Adalia Tarsus Mamistra Saruj
Haran

♜ Mosul
Q al-Najm
Artah Irbil
Seleucia Antioch Aleppo Sinjar

St Simeon
Raqqah
♜
Q al-Ja’bar
Kirkuk
Latakia Apamea
Shayzar
Nicosia ♜ Rahba
Famagusta Hamah

Tortosa
Tikrit
Paphos Limassol Homs Palmyra Ana
♜
Tripoli
Samara

Baalbak
Beirut

Sidon Damascus
Ramadi
Tyre Banyas Arab bedouin tribes Baghdad

Acre Safed
Tiberius
during the Karbala

Baisan age of the Crusades Hilla

Caesarea
Nablus
Jaffa Kufa

Ramla Amman
Rosetta Ascalon Jerusalem
Alexandria Damietta

Mansura El Arish Three Tribal

Confederations
Bilbays
Cairo
 Q al-Rum
♜ Mardin
Adana Edessa Nisibin
Aintab
Adalia Tarsus Mamistra Saruj
Haran

♜ Mosul
Q al-Najm
Artah Irbil
Seleucia Antioch Aleppo Sinjar

St Simeon
Raqqah
Banū Munqidh ♜
Q al-Ja’bar
Kirkuk

of Shayzar Latakia Apamea

Shayzar
Banū Kilāb
Nicosia ♜ Rahba
Famagusta Hamah

Tortosa
Tikrit
Paphos Limassol Homs Palmyra Ana
♜
Tripoli
Samara

Baalbak
Beirut

Sidon Damascus
Ramadi
Baghdad
Tyre Banyas

Safed
Acre
Tiberius Karbala

Hilla
Baisan
Caesarea
Nablus
Jaffa Kufa

Ramla Amman
Rosetta Ascalon Jerusalem
Alexandria Damietta

Mansura El Arish

Bilbays
Cairo
 Q al-Rum
♜ Mardin
Adana Edessa Nisibin
Aintab
Adalia Tarsus Mamistra Saruj
Haran

♜ Mosul
Q al-Najm
Artah Irbil
Seleucia Antioch Aleppo Sinjar

St Simeon
Raqqah
♜
Q al-Ja’bar
Kirkuk
Latakia Apamea
Shayzar
Nicosia ♜ Rahba
Famagusta Hamah

Tortosa
Tikrit
Paphos Limassol Homs Palmyra Ana
♜
Tripoli
Samara

Beirut
Baalbak
Banū Kalb
Sidon Damascus
Ramadi
Baghdad
Tyre Banyas

Safed
Acre
Tiberius Karbala

Hilla
Baisan
Caesarea
Nablus
Jaffa Kufa

Ramla Amman
Rosetta Ascalon Jerusalem
Alexandria Damietta

Mansura El Arish

Bilbays
Cairo
 Q al-Rum
♜ Mardin
Adana Edessa Nisibin
Aintab
Adalia Tarsus Mamistra Saruj
Haran

♜ Mosul
Q al-Najm
Artah Irbil
Seleucia Antioch Aleppo Sinjar

St Simeon
Raqqah
♜
Q al-Ja’bar
Kirkuk
Latakia Apamea
Shayzar
Nicosia ♜ Rahba
Famagusta Hamah

Tortosa
Tikrit
Paphos Limassol Homs Palmyra Ana
♜
Tripoli
Samara

Baalbak
Beirut

Sidon Damascus
Ramadi
Baghdad
Tyre Banyas

Safed
Acre
Tiberius Karbala

Hilla
Baisan
Caesarea
Nablus
Jaffa
Banū Ṭayy Kufa

Ramla Amman
Rosetta Ascalon Jerusalem
Alexandria Damietta

Mansura El Arish

Bilbays
Cairo
 Q al-Rum
♜ Mardin
Adana Edessa Nisibin
Aintab
Adalia Tarsus Mamistra Saruj
Haran

♜ Mosul
Q al-Najm
Artah Irbil
Seleucia Antioch Aleppo Sinjar

St Simeon
Raqqah
♜
Q al-Ja’bar
Kirkuk
Latakia Apamea
Shayzar
Nicosia ♜ Rahba
Famagusta Hamah

Tortosa
Tikrit
Paphos Limassol Homs Palmyra Ana
♜
Tripoli
Samara

Baalbak
Beirut

Sidon Damascus
Ramadi
Tyre Banyas Arab bedouin tribesmen Baghdad

Acre Safed
Tiberius
served as auxiliaries Karbala

Baisan for all Muslim dynasties Hilla

Caesarea
Nablus
Jaffa
Sometimes with Kufa

Ramla

Crusaders too
Amman
Rosetta Ascalon Jerusalem
Alexandria Damietta

Mansura El Arish

Bilbays
Cairo
 Crusading Warfare

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