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International Journal of Trend in Scientific

Research and Development (IJTSRD)


International Open Access Journal
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume - 1 | Issue – 6

A Review on Economical and T


Technical Analysis
nalysis for
Modelling of Hybrid Energy S
System

P. Mahesh D. Srikanth K. Srinu


Department of Electrical and Department of Electrical and Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, GMR Electronics Engineering, GMR Electronics Engineering, GMR
Institute of Technology, AP, India Institute of Technology, AP, India Institute of Technology, AP, India

ABSTRACT
Energy demand is increasing day by day due to locally available sources, we can get low cost per unit
globalization and population.
pulation. So that by using non
non- generation. Therefore, technical and economical
renewable sources we cannot reach this energy analyses of a hybrid energy system are essential for
demand because of increased cost per generation. And the efficient utilization of renewable energy resources
also from these sources pollution occurs is also more. [13].
So that if we use renewable
wable sources, we can meet this This paper is organized ass follows: section 2 provides
energy demand. This paper gives review on different different optimization methods. Section 3 provides
optimization methods of HES such ch as by using results and discussions. Finally, conclusion is given in
Artificial intelligence methods, by using software section 4.
tools, by ensuring maximum energy production from
low cost energy sources, by using DSM strategy and II. DIFFERENT OPTIMIZATION
by using hybrid models. Finally, comparison and TECHNIQUES
results are discussed. A) By using Artificial Intelligence Methods
Keywords: Software tools, HOMER, Genetic a) Genetic Algorithm approach:
Algorithm, low cost energy source, DSM strategy,
One of the optimization methods operates in terms of
optimization
the genetic process for biological mechanisms called
I. INTRODUCTION Genetic Algorithm [13].
Day by day energy consumption has increased due to The given fig:1 gives the idea about working of this
globalization. In past, several years we had main GA. In this first it chooses the initial population called
sources for generating electricity are fossil fuel and collection
ection of individuals and then it selects the more
nuclear energy sources.
ces. Which causes environmental fitted individual among all the individuals. After
A that
pollution and green-house
house emissions. And also from it applies some changes through crossover and
these sources we can’t give power supply to the rural mutation process. Here crossover process means,
areas because these sources are connected to normal combine two are more selected individuals to form
grid. In this normal grid, some drawbacks are th there new individual
ndividual and mutation process means, apply
such as increase in cost per unit generation, poor random changes to selected individuals to form new
voltage regulation due to increased distance between individual. Finally, it evaluates the individual fitness
grid to consumer load, low load factor, high cost as of new individual and replaces the least fitness with
well as more time taken to erect the long transmission the new population [8].
lines. So that if we use hybrid energy system
ystem by

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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
b) Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO): Fig 1: Flow chart for understanding Genetic
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a population Algorithm
based stochastic optimization technique developed
by Dr. Eberhart and Dr. Kennedy in 1995, inspired Start
by social behavior of bird flocking or fish schooling.
Initially a random population is generated and fitness
value is calculated. By taking the best fitness value Generation of papulation randomly
into consideration the best population is selected and
by updating process is done to it and new generation
is created and then checks for the new optimal
solution. The process continues until the optimal Calculate fitness value of papulation
solution is obtained.
The population with high fitness function in each
generation is taken as the local best solution and the Select best fitness value
population with high fitness value among all iterations
is taken as the global best solution. The global best
solution is taken as the optimal solution [8]. Updating the selected papulation

Start

Choose initial population Optimal solution


obtained
NO
Evaluate the fitness of each individual
YES

select the best fit individual Local best solution

Global best solution


Reproduce new individual through
crossover and mutation process
End

Evaluate the individual fitness of new Fig 2: Flow chart for understanding PSO
individual technique
B) By using software tools:
Replace least fit population with new The technical and economical analyses of a hybrid
system are essential for the efficient utilization of
individual
renewable energy resources. In this paper 19 software
tools are reviewed namely HOMER, Hybrid2,
RETScreen, iHOGA, INSEL, TRNSYS, iGRGYSO,
HYBRIDS, RAPSIM, SOMES, SOLSTOR, HySim,
If satisfy with HybSim, IPSYS HySys, Dymola/Modelica, ARES,
this fitness SOLSIM and Hybrid- Designer.
It is observed that among all the tools HOMER is
found to be widely sued tool in the research studies
End

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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
2456
followed by RETScreen, HOGA, HYBRID2, because the power generated from this micro grid
TRNSYS and ARES [10]. gives low cost per unit generation. if we use Diesel
generator as a source in HES system for supplying
Working of HOMER software tool is as follows,
base load, the cost of fuel required is very high and
therefore the cost of unit generation is also more.
Therefore, the sequence
uence of power taken from these
sources are as follows.
Pd= power delivered by Diesel engine
Pbg= power delivered by biogas
Pw= power delivered by wind
Ps= power delivered by solar
Pb= power delivered by battery
Ppld= peak load power
When coming g to peak load, this can be done by solar
and wind sources when
Pw + Ps> or =Ppld. In this the extra power is stored in
the battery. when the peak load is high i.e. Pw + Ps <
Ppld, then the power from the battery is connected to
Fig 3: Architecture of HOMER software the hybrid grid i.e. Pb +Pw +Ps = Ppld. If Pb +Pw +Ps
< Ppld, then the biogas plant delivers power to the
The
he Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric
grid (i.e. Pbg+ Pb +Pw +Ps=Ppld). If this Ppld is
Renewables (HOMER), is most widely used, freely
greater, then the additional power is given by Diesel
available and user-friendly
friendly software. The National
engine (i.e. Pd +Pbg +Pb +Pw +Ps =Ppld). In this
Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) USA has
way, we can reduce thee dependency on fossil fuel
developed HOMER for both on-grid grid and off
off-grid
sources and cost of unit generation.
systems in 1993 and from the Date of release,
HOMER has been downloaded by over80,000 people
in 193 countries [10]. It takes the inputs as required
load, no of resources (both renewable and non non-
renewable sources for ensuring contin continuous and
reliability of supply), cost of each components.
Finally, if performs simulations and gives results in
the form of optimal system category, total capital cost,
net present cost, fuel consumption, cost of energy
savings, renewable energy fraction (%) %) and excess
energy fraction (%).
C) By ensuring maximum energy production from
low cost energy source:
In this the total load is divided into two ways one is Considered Hybrid Energy System
base load and other one is peak load. In this micro
micro-
D) By using DSM strategy:
hydro, solar, wind, biogas, Diesel generat
generator and
battery are the considered sources of HES system for DSM (demand side management) strategy is useful
understanding this method. In this our main aim is to when the load required from the hybrid energy system
reduce the cost per unit generation. In this we are is more. Normally, when the load required is very
taken non-renewable
renewable energy source for ensuring high at sometimes. Then we have to search for
reliability of supply. In this HES system bbase load another source such as Diesel generator. Therefore,
occurs continuously but peak load is not like that. so cost of unit generation increases rapidly.
that base load is supplied by micro grid. This is

@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 1 | Issue – 6 | Sep - Oct 2017 Page: 1250
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
By using DSM strategy, we can reduce this problem. sufficient energy resources and also this method gives
In this the total load is divided into three parts. low cost hybrid energy system by reducing the total
load on the system.
Those are,
a) Priority loads IV. CONCLUSION
It is concluded that, every method has its own
b) Permanent loads
advantage in finding the optimal solution. Based on
c) Deferrable loads (shiftable loads) the given input we can choose the different methods
Priority loads which must be fulfilled when it is for optimizing the Hybrid energy system.
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