The Netherlands

Welcome to the Netherlands, a tiny country that only extends, at its broadest, 312 km north to south, and
264 km east to west - (1) ... the land area increases slightly each year as a (2) ... of continuous land
reclamation and drainage. With a lot of heart and much to offer, 'Holland,' as it is (3) ... known to most of us
abroad - a name stemming (4) ... its once most prominent provinces - has more going on per kilometre than
most countries, and more English-speaking natives. You'll be impressed by its (5) ... cities and charmed by
its countryside and villages, full of contrasts. From the exciting variety (6) ... offer, you could choose a
romantic canal boat tour in Amsterdam, a Royal Tour by coach in The Hague, or a hydrofoil tour around the
biggest harbour in the world - Rotterdam. In season you could visit the dazzling bulb fields, enjoy a full day
on a boat, or take a bike tour through the pancake-flat countryside spiced with windmills. The possibilities
are countless and the nationwide tourist office, which is on hand to give you information and (7) ...
reservations. You'll have (8) ... language problems here, as the Dutch are true linguists and English is spoken
here almost universally.

1. A) so B) despite C) in spite of D) although

2. A) whole B) consequently C) rule D) result
3. A) regularly B) occasionally C) commonly D) unusually
4. A) in B) from C) on D) of
5. A) historic B) historical C) historically D) historian
6. A) at B) in C) on D) for
7. A) sit B) catch C) do D) make
8. A) few B) a few C) little D) a little

Cats

Cats of all kinds are present in the legends, religion, mythology, and history of (1) ... different cultures. Cave
paintings created by early humans display different types of wild cats (2) ... are now extinct, or no longer
around. Many of these great beasts saw humans as food, but were hunted by humans in return. Cats similar
(3) ... the ones kept as pets today started showing up in artwork thousands of years ago. For example, the
ancient Egyptians believed cats were the sacred, or special, animal of a goddess named Bast. They believed
that Bast often appeared as a cat, so many ancient Egyptians respected and honoured cats and kittens. (4) ...,
other cultures feared cats or thought that they brought illnesses and bad luck. Today, with millions kept as
pets in homes around the world, cats have become important members of many families. No one knows for
sure when or (5) ... cats became very popular household pets. It's possible that people noticed how cats
hunted mice and rats, (6) ... they set food and milk out to keep the cats near their homes. This helped to
prevent (7) ... many of these rodents (8) ... coming into homes and eating people's food or spreading
sickness.

About Fish and Aquariums

There are more than 200,000 species of fish inhabiting many (1) ... waters. New species of fish are
discovered every year. From the deepest part of the seas thousands of feet down in total (2) ..., to the
beautiful aqua-blue waters of the coral reefs, to the streams, lakes, and ponds of freshwater found throughout
the world, fish have adapted an incredible variety of life-forms, styles, and (3) ... . The group of aquatic
animals we call fishes has evolved for over 400 million years to be the most (4) ... and diverse of the major
vertebrate groups. Forty-one percent of the world's fish species inhabit only fresh water. This is pretty (5) ...
considering that fresh water covers only 1 percent of the world's surface. As you probably already know salt
water covers 70 percent of the earth's surface. So the number and (6) ... of fresh water species to marine or
saltwater species is all the more mind-boggling. While they inhabit the smallest amount of water, they have,
in fact, adapted to a much (7) ... range of habitats and to a greater variety of water conditions. Let's take a
closer look at the unique adaptations of fish that have allowed them to live so (8) ... in the medium we call
water.

1) DIFFER
2) DARK
3) BEHAVE
4) NUMBER
5) AMAZE
6) VARY
7) WIDE
8) SUCCESS

1) It wasn't Mark that you met in the shop.

HAVE
It Mark that you met in the shop.
2) She was just going to have her breakfast when the phone rang.
ABOUT
She was just breakfast when the phone rang.
3) Steve didn't manage to complete his work.
FAILED
Steve his work.
4) How long has she been studying English?
BEGIN
When studying English?
5) George wrote his last novel five years ago.
WAS
It George wrote his last novel.
6) Nobody took any notice of his bad behaviour.
ATTENTION
Nobody his bad behaviour.

Scotland

People come to this small northern country for many reasons, lured, perhaps, by the promise of spectacular
(1) ...

, friendly natives, and a vibrant arts scene. Some are searching for their family (2) ... or others just want to
get away from it all and, digging (3) ... old memories from their English Lit class of gallant heroes engaging
in larger-than-life struggles, their (4) ... wander to faraway lands, to somehow familiar yet different
destinations. Why not go to Scotland? But what kind of country are they coming to and what should they
expect once they get there? Scotland (5) ... of an area of 30, 418 square miles - so it's a fairly compact and
"doable" country - with a population of about five million people - not too small, not too big. It is one of
three countries that form the political (6) ... called Great Britain, the other two being, of course, England and
Wales, which, along with their fourth partner, Northern Ireland, becomes the United Kingdom. Scotland is
bordered on three sides by water and on its fourth by England, which has had both its advantages and
disadvantages. Geographically speaking, the country can be divided into three broad areas, the Southern
Uplands, the Central Lowlands, and the Highlands. Although the rugged Highlands (7) ... about two-thirds
of the land area, the (8) ...

majority of the population lives in the Central Belt between Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, and Edinburgh,
Scotland's capital.

1. A) scene B) scenery C) view D) panorama

2. A) roots B) race C) basis D) source
3. A) off B) down C) on D) up
 4. A) head B) brains C) spirits D) minds
5. A) consists B) includes C) embraces D) comprises
6. A) entirety B) entitle C) entry D) entity
7. A) take out B) take in C) take up D) take off
8. A) expansive B) vast C) expanding D) spacious

An Ugly Habit

Smoking is one of the most common and deadliest habits in the world. You have probably seen thousands of
cigarettes smoked in your lifetime, (1) ... perhaps not by your family. Even though fewer people smoke
today than in the past, one (2) ... every four adults still smokes, and there are parts of the world where
smoking is increasing. Most people who become regular smokers started when they were young. This is the
time to get the facts straight: smoking does no one (3) ... good, and it does a great (4) ... of harm to your
health. It also often means giving up a lot later in life, such as the chance to excel in sports, extra spending
money, and even years of one’s life. There is a lot of to lose. Most smokers have a hard time explaining why
they started – and why they continue. They know it is harmful, and many even know someone who has died
from a smoking-related illness, like lung cancer or heart disease. But (5) ... the same time, these smokers
continue lighting up when they go out for a drink, take a break from work, or hear alarming news. Some
smokers even light up when they learn about the dangers of smoking, because they become worried. (6) ...
the reason people start smoking, the habit soon loses (7) ... attraction. (8) ... from the obvious health risks,
smoking is an ugly, unpleasant habit. Most people would prefer to avoid a room that someone was filling
with smelly smoke.

Muscle Cars
Muscle cars were never intended to be valuable. In fact, the whole idea behind
muscle cars was to make them (1) ... and fast. Muscle cars were stripped-down EXPENSIVE
versions of the most (2) ... homely, and basic mass-produced cars to ever roll out UTILITY
of Detroit. These rattle trap, bare bones, crude devices were built to conform to
a price point with little regard given to sophistication or (3) ..., and aimed squarely LONG
at the (4) ... market. And this market couldn't get enough of them. These were the YOUNG
cars every red-blooded American kid wanted. The image, the speed, the lifestyle
were all highly addictive. Looking back, the muscle car years were (5) ... brief RELATIVE
moment in time that we will never see the likes of again. It was a perfect storm,
just what the market wanted, and was presented at the right place in the right time.
So how did these seemingly (6) ... cars, built in large numbers and owned by DISPOSE
kids who (7) ... tried to kill them from the first twist of the key, become so valuable? LITERAL
More importantly, why did they become so valuable? Most people are astounded
when they hear the recent sales results of the most (8) ... muscle cars. We call them DESIRE
two-comma cars, cars that are worth so much money that you need two commas
to separate all the zeroes in the price.
1) This manual is too difficult for me.
CONCERNED
As , this manual is too difficult for me.
2) Susan couldn't get to the date because of the heavy rain.
PREVENTED
The heavy rain getting to the date.
3) Sally gets on well with her father-in-law.
TERMS
Sally is her father-in-law.
4) I didn't realise what she would suffer in the first place.
DID
Little would suffer in the first place.
5) The pupils are living temporarily in a hotel.
BEING
For , the pupils are living in a hotel.
6) It looks as if he's forgotten about the meeting again.
TO
He seems about the meeting again.
The Microscope

An important invention in the development of science and medicine was the microscope. It was (1) ...the
principle that light could be “(2) ... ” or bent, by a glass lens. It was soon discovered that tiny objects could
be magnified (3) ... size when viewed through a glass lens that had been ground and polished in a specific
(4) ... . Although the principle was known to the Chinese as early as 1000 A.D, it was not until the 13th and
14th centuries in Europe (5) ... it was put to practical use in the form of eyeglasses. In Europe the first
microscope was invented by brothers Zacharias and Hans Janssen, two Dutch eyeglass-makers, around
1590. They built a “compound” microscope, so called because of its two lenses. The most significant
development and use of the microscope during this period, however, belongs to another Dutch optician,
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723). Born in Delft, Holland, he became skilled at (6) ... very sharp and
accurate magnifying lenses. Some of his single-lens microscopes were able to magnify up the three hundred
times (7) ... size, and around 1660 he began serious study using these instruments. He was the first to
discover bacteria and other microscopic organisms, calling these tiny creatures “animalcules”. (8) ...to this
discovery, very small creatures such as fleas and maggots were thought to “spontaneously generate” from a
single source, such as rotting meat in the case of maggots.
1. A) based upon B) based by C) based in D) based at
2. A) refracted B) retracted C) retorted D) retraced
3. A) by B) on C) in D) with
4. A) procedure B) manner C) fashion D) character
5. A) when B) than C) then D) that
6. A) granting B) grinding C) scraping D) rubbing
7. A) present B) substantial C) actual D) current
8. A) According B) Due C) Owing D) Prior

The Wondrous World of Coffee

A cup of coffee, like any (1) ………. experience, can be enriched by selection and consciousness. "No beans
about it," the best coffee decisions (2) ………... the ones most pleasant to one's own palate - the selection of
one's coffee is a matter of personal preference. Choosing coffee beans can also be a perplexing experience,
(3) ……….... there is a huge range of coffee types and beans blends from all around the world. The final
flavour and quality involves many complex factors, beginning with the coffee seed, the beans' botanics, a
wide variety of soil and climate conditions, cultivation altitudes, and the care (4) ………... in harvesting the
beans. Raw green coffee beans are then subjected (5) ................ many influencing factors, including various
processing, production, roasting, blending and brewing methods. On a global note, (6) .................. many
species and varieties of coffee trees from different areas of the world also offer their own distinctive
flavours. There are more than forty-five coffee-exporting countries - all of (7) ……………... use different
classification systems - that supply the world with coffee beans, in sizes ranging over sixty known species of
coffee plants. No wonder coffee can involve a puzzling java jargon! Fortunately, the world's coffee
nomenclature, from mountain to market, can be classified (8) …………….. simple categories. This briefly
outlines the basics of bean botanics, coffee cultivation and processing, and global classifications used by the
coffee trade and coffee-producing countries.
Carnivorous Plants

Most carnivorous plants stand alone in the plant world not only in their unique
method of (1) ... nutrition, but in the extraordinary degree to which the leaves SUPPLEMENT
have become changed from our idea of a typical leaf-blade to meet this end.
Some have evolved into pitcher forms, often (2) ... of strange flowers, while REMINISCE
others have developed the power of movement, reminding one in their actions
of steel traps, mouse traps, or even sea anemones. The (3) ... to bizarre USUAL
appearance of most is curious enough, but the varied and often (4) ... artful ASTONISH
methods employed in the (5) ... of the prey, frequently combined with added SEDUCE
(6) ... of technique which may be peculiar to a species, cannot fail to fascinate. REFINE
Carnivorous plants occur both amongst the flowering plants and in the Fungi.
While some reference will be made to the principle trap types of the latter, they
remain a subject in themselves, and it will be the former which concerns us
here. On these, a number of works have already been published In English,
mainly in the United States. While the (7) ... of these have been brief works MAJOR
of a popular kind there have been some (8) ... exceptions. Quite apart from NOTE
the interest provided by their traps, it should be not forgotten that they are
attractive plants in themselves; some are indeed beautiful.
1) The service at the hotel wasn't as good as I expected.
COME
The service at the hotel………………my expectations.
2) She has taken it upon herself to take care of her mother.
COMMITTED
She has…………………care of her mother.
3) Were Ann not so beautiful a girl, John wouldn't be marrying her.
BEAUTY
But………………………, John wouldn't be marrying her.
4) I was surprised to find out that Martin hadn't married Jane.
SURPRISE
It……………………..me that Martin hadn't married Jane.
5) The deaths of almost sixty people were caused by the tornado.
RESULTED
The tornado……………………almost sixty people.
6) " I wish I'd had the chance to visit Dublin", Peter said.
NOT
Peter regretted…………………………the chance to visit Dublin.
Horses

Horses and donkeys were (1) ...comparatively late compared with other animals, probably around 4000 BC
in Western Asia. By that time, people in many parts of the world were no longer (2) ...on hunting and
gathering their food, but had become nomadic stockbreeders or settled farmers, raising livestock such as
cattle, sheep and goats and, in the static communities, growing and harvesting food plants.They still hunted
wild (3) ..., but could now do so with the (4) ... of domestic dogs, the close animal companions who also
helped them to protect and control their flocks and herds. Their needs for meat, milk, skins and wool were
being (5) ... , and it may not have been immediately obvious to them that the horse had anything more to
offer than the occasional (6) ... of the chase and a different type of meat. The horse did have something more
to offer. It had the potential to (7) ... nothing less than a revolution (8) ...and transport, a dramatic
development that transformed the ability of humans to wage war.
1. A) tamed B) accustomed C) trained D) domesticated
2. A) sustained B) reliant C) liable D) subject
3. A) game B) play C) sport D) contest
4. A) aim B) compliments C) assistance D) intention
5. A) met B) come C) undergone D) faced
6. A) kick B) thrill C) emotion D) inspiration
7. A) bring off B) bring in C) bring out D) bring about
8. A) on B) at C) in D) for

Piracy
Piracy was not (1) ...by men like Blackbeard and ‘Black Bart’ Roberts. It has been around since man first
took to the sea, a maritime (2) ... that appeared in historical records since before the building of the Egyptian
pyramids. The Mediterranean, (3) ... known as the ‘(4) ... of civilization’, was also a pirate hot-spot, which
we know because the Ancient Egyptians (5) ...the time to describe the attacks and their perpetrators.As in
any period , piracy in the ancient world flourished when there was a lack of central control, and in areas
beyond the (6) ...of major powers such as the Egyptians, the Assyrians or the Mycenaean Greeks. The first
known pirate group was the Lukkans, a group of sea raiders based on the south-eastern coast of Asia Minor.
They first appeared in the 14th century BC, when Egyptian (7) ... recorded that they raided Cyprus, (8)
...there are suggestions that their piratical activities started earlier.
1. A) disclosed B) invented C) discovered D) devised
2. A) scouter B) scout C) scooper D) scourge
3. A) besides B) likewise C) moreover D) otherwise
4. A) cradle B) cot C) crib D) hamper
5. A) passed B) made C) took D) set
6. A) limits B) reach C) horizon D) frontier
7. A) scribes B) scripters C) reporters D) playwrights
8. A) or B) because C) although D) despite

Meteors
Most of us have (1) ...at the sky and seen what is commonly called a falling, or shooting, star. These (2) ...
streaks occur when meteors, object generally (3) ... from the size of dust (4) ... to fist-size masses, enter the
earth’s atmosphere at speeds up to 44 miles per second and ionized (or heated) to incandescence 50 to 75
miles above the earth. Few of these objects survive their encounter (5) ...our atmosphere.What we see here
on earth, mostly at night, is a (6) ...of light that lasts about a half a second on the (7) ... . Generally speaking,
the larger the material that enters the earth’s atmosphere, the brighter the meteor. Brighter meteors will
occasionally leave a smoke trail behind in their path lasting a few seconds; trails produced by very bright
meteors,(8) ...to as fireballs, may last minutes. Fireballs that appear to break up or produce sound are called
bolides, from the Greek word bolis meaning missile.
1. A) looked out B) looked through C) looked up D) looked up to
2. A) monotonous B) momentum C) momentous D) momentary
 3. A) classifying B) ranging C) ranking D) fluctuating
4. A) particles B) participants C) particulars D) participles
5. A) to B) into C) with D) on
6. A) slash B) strip C) streak D) smear
7. A) average B) contrary C) fly D) move
8. A) directed B) referred C) concerned D) related

Solar Energy
Solar energy is derived ultimately from the sun. It can be divided (1) ….... direct and indirect categories.
Most energy sources on Earth are forms of indirect solar energy, (2) ……….. we usually don’t think of them
in that way. Coal, oil and natural gas derive from ancient biological material (3) …….... took its energy from
the sun millions of years ago. (4) …..... the energy in wood and foodstuffs also comes (5) ……... the
sun.Movement of the wind, and the evaporation of water to form rainfall which accumulates in rivers and
lakes, are also powered by the sun. (6) ……..., hydroelectric power and wind and wave power are forms of
indirect solar energy. Direct solar energy is (7) ……... we usually mean when we speak of solar power – (8)
…….. is the use of sunlight for heating or generating electricity. Solar energy research and applications have
been receiving increasing attention throughout the world as solar energy must play a much greater role in the
energy mix in upcoming years.

History of Dublin

More than just about any other city we know, Dublin wears its history (1)…….. its sleeve. Dubliners
themselves are highly passionate scholars of their own history - and we mean their own history. Perhaps (2)
…….. it continues to have (3) ……... a strong bearing on modern life, it's near impossible for (4) ……….
two Irish people to agree on the details of any one historical episode. However, they'll instantly unite against
an outsider's version, and there are great contradictions (5) ……. Irish and English historical accounts of
events that (6)….. ... place here. Take Oliver Cromwell for example. An Irish text would describe him (7)
…….. an English parliamentarian (8) ………. raped, pillaged and plundered his way through Ireland - a
complete and utter bastard. If you picked up an English history book on the other hand, you might learn that
Cromwell defeated the Royalists in the English Civil War and apparently used to holiday in Ireland.

Taste
Taste is (1) ………. simply the preserve of a tiny aristocracy, of the court culture of the European. Abbasid
or Chinese past or the ‘foodie’ cutting-edge of the present. In the social history of ordinary people, calorie
intake, the threat of famine and the supply of urban centres are among the topics (2) ……... have given us
(3) ……... idea of the fragility and difficulty of pre-industrial life. The relevance of the history of food in its
(4)….. ... basic sense needs (5) ….... justification.The exchange of products resulting (6) …….. the
discovery of the New World, the dependence of societies (7) …….. one overwhelmingly important food
source, or the impact of modern warfare on civilian diet (8) …….. all clearly major topics. In the mid-
twentieth century historians’ interest in the conditions of society, and particularly the history of ordinary
people, inevitably involved questions of how peasants or workers lived in the past; how well or ill-nourished
they were; how they coped with the unpredictability of harvests, food supply and prices.
The Cup of Humanity

Tea began as a medicine and grew into a beverage. In China, in the

eighth century, it entered the realm of poetry as one of the polite (1) ... . AMUSE
The fifteenth century saw Japan ennoble it into a religion of aestheticism-
Teaism. Teaism is a cult founded on the (2) ... of the beautiful among the ADORE
sordid facts of everyday (3) ... .It inculcates purity and harmony, the mystery EXIST
of mutual charity, the (4) ... of the social order. It is essentially a worship of the ROMANTIC
(5) ..., as it is a tender attempt to accomplish something possible in this PERFECT
impossible thing we know as life. The Philosophy of Tea is not mere
aestheticism in the ordinary acceptance of the term, for it expresses (6) ... CONJOIN
with ethics and religion our whole point of view about man and nature.
It is hygiene, for it enforces (7) ... ; it is economics, for it shows comfort in CLEAN
(8) ... rather than in the complex and costly; it is moral geometry, inasmuch SIMPLE
as it defines our sense of proportion to the universe.
Visual Skills

There are several ways to find photographs for viewing. (1) ... of original prints EXHIBIT
in museums, galleries, and similar settings allow you to see photographs in the
form of (2) ... most likely favoured by the photographer. Books and magazines PRESENT
are a good source of photographs for viewing. Many monographs and (3) ... have COLLECT
been printed with a quality that approaches that of display prints. Several books
that feature the images of widely (4) ... photographers are listed in the bibliography. CLAIM
When examining photographs for the purpose of enhancing your seeing, try to
suspend critical judgment and assess your (5) ... feelings about each image. INTUITION
Do you like or dislike the image? Do you think it works well for its intended purpose?
Look (6) ... at the photographs you like and try to figure out why you like them. CARE
(7) ... look at photographs that do not appeal to you and determine why. Try to CONVERSE
avoid judging photographs based on how closely they follow compositional (8) ... . GUIDE
The Worlds of Christopher Columbus

In the world of the late twentieth century, events on one continent (1) ... influence ROUTINE
developments on the others, for good or for ill. In the broad expanse of (2) ... HISTORY
time, however, these (3) ... connections developed quite recently, starting EXTEND
in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. In one sense, the process began
with Christopher Columbus's four voyages, the first (4) ... excursions to have ATLANTIC
far-reaching and long-lasting consequences. In another sense, however,
Columbus's voyages were less a beginning than the (5) ... of a centuries-old CONTINUE
human process of (6) ... and migration. When Columbus was born , Europe, EXPLORE
Africa, and Asia were each part of the Old World of the Easter Hemisphere,
but they were also separate worlds culturally, (7) ... and politically. Columbus's RELIGION
voyages shattered that (8) ... once and for all, in what is arguably the most ISOLATE
fateful encounter between disparate human groups that history has ever known.

1) I am not responsible for the sales any longer.

UNDER
No ………………………………………my control.
2) Everybody came to the party apart from Steve.
EXCEPTION
With…………………………..Steve, everybody came to the party.
3) It was only when I stopped the car that I realised something was wrong.
DID
Only…………………………………I realise that something was wrong.
4) It's very kind of you to help me with the suitcase.
APPRECIATE
I really………………………………..me with the suitcase.
5) The flight will probably be cancelled.
PROBABILITY
In…………………………………………will be cancelled.
6) She preferred to take a course in general linguistics instead of wasting her time at mathematics.
THAN
Rather………………………………..at mathematics she preferred to take a course in general linguistics.
1) We have given the tools to all the workers.
PROVIDED
All the workers……………………………the tools.
2) I'm going to reveal the truth somehow or other.
ANOTHER
In…………………………………………I'm going to reveal the truth.
3) George demands that the project should be finished now.
INSISTENT
George…………………………………the project.
4) I think a good meal would do you good.
BENEFIT
I think you would…………………………………….meal.
5) Although I like him very much, I don't want to socialize with him.
LIKE
Much………………………………….., I don't want to socialize with him.
6) She had only just entered the house when the telephone rang.
SOONER
No………………………………..the house than the telephone rang.
1) She had four daughters. The youngest of them was her favourite.
APPLE
She had four daughters the youngest……………………………………..her eye.
2) It was raining heavily, so I didn't go to school at all.
FOR
If it………………………………………..rain, I would have gone to school.
3) Everybody knows that the president died in a plane crash.
KNOWLEDGE
It is……………………………………the president died in a plane crash.
4) The first pilot refused to endanger the safety of the passengers of the plane.
PUT
The first pilot refused to…………………………….the safety of the passengers of the plane.
5) I wish I had studied more for the exam.
LIKED
I……………………………..more for the exam.
6) She informed the police because she assumed he was guilty of rape.
ASSUMPTION
She informed the police…………………………………..he was guilty of rape.
The Story of Gold
The story of gold is an adventure involving kings, queens, pirates, explorers, conquerors, and the native
peoples they conquered. Throughout history, gold has woven a magic spell over those it touched. Gold is
beautiful and rare; a soft shiny metal that can be moulded into many (1) ... . It has been used for money,
jewellery, and to decorate special buildings such (2) ... palaces and places of worship. (3) ... the precious
metal was discovered, prospectors rushed to mine it, starting new cities and countries as they went. Gold and
the people who love it have helped shape the world we live (4) ... today. Gold is one of many elements, or
substances that cannot be changed by normal chemical means, that are found in the Earth's crust. Gold has a
warm, sunny colour and (5) ... it does not react (6) ... air, water, and most chemicals, its shine never fades. In
its natural (7) ... , gold is soft and easily shaped. When heated to 1,062 Celsius it melts and can be poured
into moulds to form coins, gold bars, and other objects. Stories have been told, movies (8) ... and legends
born about the discovery of the world's great gold deposits. It is a saga of dreams, greed, ambition and
exploration.
1. A) formats B) outlines C) shapes D) lines
2. A) as B) like C) many D) to
3. A) Whoever B) However C) Forever D) Wherever
4. A) at B) in C) for D) on
5. A) yet B) despite C) because D) so
6. A) with B) in C) of D) at
7. A) estate B) stage C) state D) position
8. A) done B) made C) composed D) built

Keeping Kitten Healthy

A healthy kitten doesn't just happen. As the (1) ... you need to be proactive, because your kitty can't (2) ...
you when she feels sick. You should start as (3) ... as you bring her home - may be even before. Take the
kitten to get checked (4) ... within the first week (5) ... home; or before you bring her home if you have other
cats.You need to play voyeur when your kitten poops and pees, feel for lumps and bumps (6) ... her monthly
exam, and watch for signs she's just under the (7) ... . Take her to the vet annually and keep her current on
her vaccinations. One of the most important decisions you can (8) ... about your kitten's future is whether to
have him (or her) fixed. Just a simple snip as early as eight weeks old can mean the difference between your
boy cat peeing on the wall or properly in the litter box.
1. A) landlord B) owner C) head D) lender
2. A) say B) talk C) tell D) speak
3. A) soon B) far C) clear D) well
4. A) out B) down C) in D) off
5. A) in B) on C) for D) at
6. A) when B) through C) during D) while
7. A) weather B) bridge C) covers D) flood
8. A) do B) make C) create D) cause

The Giant Panda

The giant panda is a beloved animal in China. It is regarded (1) ... a national (2) ... . It is found mostly in
southwestern China in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. The giant panda is part of the bear family. It
has a white coat with black trimmings around its eyes and on its ears, arms, and legs. Adult pandas can be 5
feet (1.5 meters) long and weigh (3) ... to 330 pounds (150 kilograms). The giant panda leads a (4) ... life,
except during the mating season.It lives in bamboo forests (5) ... the mountains. It can climb trees but lives
mainly on the ground. (6) ... most bears, the giant panda does not hibernate. It moves to low-lying areas
during the winter in search (7) ... warmer temperatures. The giant panda has a mainly (8) ... diet, eating
mostly bamboo shoots and leaves. It also eats insects and small rodents. Giant panda breeding groups are
small and isolated from one another.
1. A) like B) as C) to D) that
2. A) fortune B) value C) treasure D) prize
3. A) down B) on C) up D) off
4. A) solitary B) alone C) friendless D) unsociable
5. A) on B) at C) under D) in
 6. A) Unlike B) But C) Owing D) Unlikely
7. A) to B) of C) for D) with
8. A) vegetable B) vegetate C) vegetarian D) vegetation

Gutenberg
Before Gutenberg (1394 – 1468), all books had to be copied by hand. The so-called ‘manuscripts’ of
medieval times were laboriously hand-written, usually by monks (1) ……….. devoted years (2) ………....
the work. Earlier attempts had been made to produce printing ‘blocks’. The designs on playing cards (3)
…………... example were carved from wooden blocks which were inked and then printed onto cards. There
are even examples of whole pages in books being hand carved and printed. Gutenberg however came up
with the idea of printing using, not whole page blocks, but letter blocks. (4) ………..... he was a goldsmith
(5) ............... trade, he knew how to mould metal into whatever shape was needed. He made thousands of
tiny blocks of ‘type’, (6) ………….... with a letter raised on it, which could be lined up and clamped into
position in a ‘forme’ (page block). The type could be linked, paper laid on top, and the whole thing
compressed by turning a handle. When released, the paper had the page printed on it. Years of work went
into this invention. Gutenberg (7) …………... to make the letters, develop an ink which would cling to metal
(most didn’t), build the forme, and above (8) ………….. find the money to do all this while not working as a
goldsmith.

Holidays
Whatever you do in tourism, you are likely to have a (1) ……….... of contact (2) …….... other people. This
can be both enjoyable (3) ………... difficult. You will soon find (4) ………... how often people behave
unlike their usual selves while on holiday, or trying to arrange a holiday. (5) ………… they stay in their
own country or go abroad, they want to get away from it all, they (6) ……….... paying hard-earned money
to relax from work, and they want value (7) ………….. money. They will also be in unfamiliar surroundings
and unsure of themselves. When things go well their happiness is infectious - it is very rewarding helping
(8) …………... and contributing to the enjoyment of their holiday. When things go badly, clients blame the
hotel staff or tour operator's representative, even if it isn't their fault. You've just got to keep calm and keep
smiling when people are shouting at you.

Guitar Experience
It's inevitable that as artists become accomplished in their craft the knowledge and depth of understanding of
the tools they use to create their art becomes accomplished as well. A painter knows he has several types of
brushes to choose (1) .......... . His experience (2) …….. taught him that certain brushes (3) ………....
produce specific strokes, producing the desired result on the canvas, enabling the vision in his head to
become realized. In the world of guitar playing, (4) ……….. is a wide array of tools (5) ……... a player can
choose to create his or her art.
Becoming knowledgeable and experienced (6) ………... matching the right tool to facilitate your musical
inspiration can be a long road that's sometimes filled with unexpected bumps and lessons learnt the hard
way. (7) ………..., attaining that knowledge and experience can often prove the difference (8)…… ...
satisfaction and disappointment; and in some cases, employment and unemployment. But how do you learn
and under what conditions? From my observations, most players get information in one of two ways.

Alaska: It's a State of Mind

One of the greatest things about Alaska is (1) ........ it takes the term casual to new heights. While the state
has highly cultivated enclaves, (2) …………. as Anchorage, Alaska's largest city, and Juneau, the state
capital (population 31,000), for the most part Alaskans are down-to -earth people. They're friendly bunch,
more comfortable in Carhartts and cutoffs (3) ……….... cashmere and corduroy. The arts thrive, not only in
the larger cities (4) …………. also in the small towns. In their own strong spirited way. Alaskans embrace
their independence and refuse (5) …………. be stereotyped. They'll have a sold-out opera, but only half will
dress (6) ………….. . There (7) .............. ultra-fancy restaurants, but they'll entertain kids with smiles on
their faces. For visitors, this translates into a vacation completely devoid (8) …………... stress. Wear your
evening gown if you like - it doesn't matter if it's to the local ballgame or burger joint. Anything goes.
Luxemburg

The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is a constitutional monarchy headed by Grand Duke Henri of the House
of Nassau. Economically, the (1) ... of its banking and (2) ... institutions has attracted more than 200 foreign
banks, including the headquarters of the European Investment Bank. The 480,000 (3) ... have among the
highest income levels per capita of any country in the world. Agriculture is still (4) ... . Around half of the
total land area is farmed, though less than 5% of Luxembourgers now live and work on farms. Despite
problems caused by overproduction of European wines in general, the vineyards are still (5) ... . And the
enchanting Luxembourg countryside, (6) ... its northern reaches in the Ardennes, is a popular holiday
destination for Luxembourgers and (7) ... from neighbouring countries. Having played a key role in
establishing the institutions that evolved into the European Union, Luxembourg today hosts the secretariat of
the European Parliament. In such a small country, with bigger neighbours on its doorstep, Luxembourgers
have a distinctive individuality that even extends to the (8) ... language, Letzebuergesch, which is vaguely
related to both French and German, yet quite different from both.
1) STRONG
2) FINANCE
3) RESIDE
4) IMPORT
5) COMPETE
6) PARTICULAR
7) VISIT
8) NATION

Cruising Through History

To understand how cruising developed into a (1) ... industry, you have to take a brief look at the past.
Today's cruise industry (2) ... has its roots dated to the early 1840s. Among the earliest cruise passengers
was author Charles Dickens, who booked passage in 1842, along with 86 fellow (3) ... , on a mail ship called
Britannia (operated by Canadian Samuel Cunard, (4) ... of the Cunard Line). Writing in American Notes
about his journey from Liverpool to Halifax, Nova Scotia and Boston, Dickens describes the cramped
quarters, coffinlike cabins, and passengers, (5) ... himself, getting (6) ... (although he claims that he just felt
woozy). Conditions had somewhat improved by the time Mark Twain took a transatlantic voyage on the
steamship Quaker City in 1867. Twain described his cabin as having "room to turn around in, but not to
swing a cat in, at least with entire (7) ... to the cat. " Well, at least he didn't get sick. In The Innocents
Abroad, Twain wrote, "If there is one thing in the world that will make a man (8) ... and insufferably self-
conceited, it is to have his stomach behave himself, the first day at sea, when nearly all his comrades are
seasick.
1) SUCCESS
2) ACTUAL
3) TRAVEL
4) FOUND
5) INCLUDE
6) SEA
7) SECURE
8) PECULIAR

The Best of Edinburgh and Glasgow

Given the contrasting (1) ... of Edinburgh and Glasgow, any travellers who haven't examined a map of
Scotland might be forgiven for thinking that they are separated by hundreds of miles. In fact, Scotland's two
(2) ... cities are only about 72 km (45 miles) apart, but almost everyone who visits them will be struck by
their (3) ... . And although there is a good deal of (4) ... (and some envy, too) between the two cities--like the
Beatles' Lennon and McCartney--they are strongest as a pair, each bringing value to the (5) ... .
Both cities contribute mightily and equally to the (6) ... vibrancy of the nation. With this in mind, the
country is planning to improve the public transport links between the two cities, expanding the (7) ... of
trains in the evening and contemplating running them past midnight. To the east, Edinburgh offers a (8) ...
and almost fairy-tale setting, with an imposing castle high on one of many hills.
1) REPUTE
2) PRIME
3) DIFFER
4) COMPETE
5) PARTNER
6) CULTURE
7) FREQUENT
8) FAME

The History of Paper

The history of paper is also the history of human culture and (1) ... . The Egyptians, Greeks and Romans
wrote on "papyrus", a paper-like material. Today's kind of paper was first developed and used in China.
Paper was the most important (2) ... of information in the past. It was only with increasing paper production
that the transfer of (3) ..., education and information to a larger portion of (4) ... became possible.
With paper emperors were able to administrate large empires more easily . In former times paper was a (5)
... product, and paper making an art - an art that was often kept secret because of the outstanding (6) ... of the
product. Today paper has changed from a rare artisan material to a commodity product, with a high practical
value in communication, in (7) ..., artistic, hygienic, sanitary, and technical applications. Nobody can
imagine a word without paper. A large variety of paper grades are produced to suit the special (8) ... of each
application.
1) CIVILISE
2) CARRY
3) KNOW
4) SOCIAL
5) VALUE
6) ADVANCE
7) EDUCATE
8) REQUIRE

1) Was it necessary for her to spend so much money on it?

HAVE
Did…………………..…………spend so much money on it?
2) She's driving too fast for me to keep up with her.
ENOUGH
She…………………………………for me to keep up with her.
3) Susan and Frank don't like each other.
WELL
Susan and Frank don't……………………………….with each other.
4) It's possible that he hasn't been informed about his uncle's death.
MIGHT
He………………………………informed about his uncle's death.
5) Mark is very patient, he'll never give up.
TOO
Mark is……………………………………..give up.
6) I'm sorry I didn't go to college.
REGRET
I………………………………………to college.
1) Somebody is coming to repair the computer the day after tomorrow.
REPAIRED
I………………………………………the day after tomorrow.
2) Mary studied a lot. She wanted to pass the exam.
VIEW
Mary studied a lot with…………………………………the exam.
3) That's the most stupid excuse I've ever heard.
SUCH
I've never……………………………excuse.
4) Please don't go to that conference next week.
RATHER
I'd…………………………………to that conference next week.
5) Even though he tried hard, he couldn't do anything about it.
MATTER
No…………………………………….tried, he couldn't do anything about it.
6) 'What's the depth of the lake?' Martha asked her mother.
HOW
Martha asked her mother………………………………………was.
1) The boss didn't really like the employee.
IMPRESSION
The employee didn't really………………………………….the boss.
2) Martin inherited the house after his mother's death.
INTO
Martin………………………………….the house after his mother's death.
3) It was a mistake to go to that pub.
HAVE
We…………………………to that pub.
4) Robert borrowed my car yesterday.
TO
I…………………………………….Robert yesterday.
5) Please send me some more information.
GRATEFUL
I……………………………..you would send me some more information.
6) Why did you sell such a great car?
MADE
What……………………………………..such a great car?
1) Tomorrow's conference is postponed and it will be held next month.
PUT
Tomorrow's conference has…………………………………until next month.
2) She prefers watching TV to reading books.
RATHER
She………………………………………read books.
3) In his opinion, these two kinds of art are totally different from each other.
COMPARISON
In his opinion, there is…………………………………….these two kinds of art.
4) 'What do you think of the new health centre?'
ASKED
She………………………………………of the new health centre.
5) Fiona doesn't like bananas. She doesn't like grapes either.
NOR
Fiona likes…………………………….grapes.
6) It's believed that he was the most handsome boy in our school.
TO
He is…………………………………..the most handsome boy in our school.