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Lesser Key of Solomon

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Contents For other uses, see Key of Solomon (disambiguation).
Featured content The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis[note 1] or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in
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the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older.[1][2] It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and
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Ars Notoria.[1][3]
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Contents [hide]
Interaction 1 Ars Goetia
Help 1.1 The Seventy-Two Demons
About Wikipedia 2 Ars Theurgia Goetia
Community portal 3 Ars Paulina
Recent changes
4 Ars Almadel
Contact page
5 Ars Notoria
Tools 6 Editions
What links here 7 Notes
Related changes 8 References
Upload file 9 External links
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Permanent link
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Ars Goetia [ edit ]
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Cite this page The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any
other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton derived from his work, not the other way around.[1][4] The order of the spirits changed between the two, four
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additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia
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Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars
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Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than on Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material came from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of
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Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano,[note 2][1][5] and the Magical Calendar.[6]
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Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits,[7] appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century
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manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (30 of the 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).[2][5]
‫ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ‬
Français In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd (1583?–1656), this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with
한국어 those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch[3] which were intended to protect the conjurer and to control the demons he summoned.[8] The angelic names and seals
Italiano derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers (1854-1918) in his works for the Hermetic Order of the
⽇本語 Golden Dawn[5] (1887–1903). Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius,[5] who taught Agrippa, who in turn
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taught Weyer.
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中文 This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King.
Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon
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summoning.[9]
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The Seventy-Two Demons [ edit ]

Further information: List of demons in the Ars Goetia

The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the
Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which
are given in the articles concerning them.

1. King Bael 25. Count/President Glasya-Labolas 49. Duke Crocell

2. Duke Agares 26. Duke Buné 50. Knight Furcas
3. Prince Vassago 27. Marquis/Count Ronové 51. King Balam
4. Marquis Samigina 28. Duke Berith 52. Duke Alloces
5. President Marbas 29. Duke Astaroth 53. President Caim
6. Duke Valefor 30. Marquis Forneus 54. Duke/Count Murmur
7. Marquis Amon 31. President Foras 55. Prince Orobas
8. Duke Barbatos 32. King Asmoday 56. Duke Gremory
9. King Paimon 33. Prince/President Gäap 57. President Ose
Buer, the tenth spirit, who teaches
10. President Buer 34. Count Furfur 58. President Amy "Moral and Natural Philosophy" (from a
11. Duke Gusion 35. Marquis Marchosias 59. Marquis Orias 1995 Mathers edition. Illustration by
Louis Breton from Dictionnaire
12. Prince Sitri 36. Prince Stolas 60. Duke Vapula Infernal).
13. King Beleth 37. Marquis Phenex 61. King/President Zagan
14. Marquis Leraje 38. Count Halphas 62. President Valac
15. Duke Eligos 39. President Malphas 63. Marquis Andras
16. Duke Zepar 40. Count Räum 64. Duke Flauros
17. Count/President Botis 41. Duke Focalor 65. Marquis Andrealphus
18. Duke Bathin 42. Duke Vepar 66. Marquis Kimaris
19. Duke Sallos 43. Marquis Sabnock 67. Duke Amdusias
20. King Purson 44. Marquis Shax 68. King Belial
21. Count/President Marax 45. King/Count Viné 69. Marquis Decarabia
22. Count/Prince Ipos 46. Count Bifrons 70. Prince Seere
23. Duke Aim 47. Duke Vual 71. Duke Dantalion
24. Marquis Naberius 48. President Haagenti 72. Count Andromalius

The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in
one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael,
and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South),
Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon,
Poymon, and Egin,[11][12] though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the
North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."'[11]

Ars Theurgia Goetia [ edit ]

The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via
manuscript.[5][13] Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits
summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the
South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one
spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.[14]

Ars Paulina [ edit ]

Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by
Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of
guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century.[15][16] Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are
almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two
books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the
degrees of the zodiac.[16]

Ars Almadel [ edit ]

Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were
discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.[17][18]

Ars Notoria [ edit ]

The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria
contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and
editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely;[19][20] A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton.[4] It is also known as the Ars Nova.

Editions [ edit ]

Crowley, Aleister (ed.), S. L. MacGregor Mathers (transcribed) The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Translated into the English tongue by a dead hand (Foyers,
Inverness: Society for the Propagation of Religious Truth, 1904) 1995 reprint: ISBN 0-87728-847-X.
Greenup, A. W., "The Almadel of Solomon, according to the text of the Sloane MS. 2731" The Occult Review vol. 22 no. 2, August 1915, 96-102.
Henson, Mitch (ed.) Lemegeton. The Complete Lesser Key of Solomon (Jacksonville: Metatron Books, 1999) ISBN 978-0-9672797-0-1. Noted by Peterson to be "uncritical
and indiscriminate in its use of source material".[9]
de Laurence, L. W. (ed.), The Lesser Key Of Solomon, Goetia, The Book of Evil Spirits (Chicago: de Laurence, Scott & Co., 1916) 1942 reprint: ISBN 978-0-7661-0776-2;
2006 reprint: ISBN 978-1-59462-200-7. A plagiarism of the Mathers/Crowley edition.[21]
Peterson, Joseph H. (ed.), The Lesser Key of Solomon: Lemegeton Clavicula Salomonis (York Beach, ME: Weiser Books, 2001). Considered "the definitive version"[22] and
"the standard edition".[23]
Runyon, Carroll, The Book of Solomon’s Magick (Silverado, CA: C.H.S. Inc., 1996). Targeted more toward practicing magicians than academics, claims that the demons
were originally derived from Mesopotamian mythology.[24]
Shah, Idries, The Secret Lore of Magic (London: Abacus, 1972). Contains portions of Ars Almandel and split sections the Goetia, missing large portions of the rituals
involved.[9]
Skinner, Stephen & Rankine, David (eds.), The Goetia of Dr Rudd: The Angels and Demons of Liber Malorum Spirituum Seu Goetia (Sourceworks of Ceremonial Magic)
(London and Singapore: The Golden Hoard Press 2007) ISBN 978-0-9547639-2-3
Thorogood, Alan (ed.), Frederick Hockley (transcribed), The Pauline Art of Solomon (York Beach, ME: The Teitan Press, 2016)
Waite, Arthur Edward, The Book of Black Magic and of Pacts. Including the rites and mysteries of goëtic theurgy, sorcery, and infernal necromancy, also the rituals of black
magic (Edinburgh: 1898). Reprinted as The Secret Tradition in Goëtia. The Book of Ceremonial Magic, including the rites and mysteries of Goëtic theurgy, sorcery, and
infernal necromancy (London: William Rider & Son, 1911). Includes the Goetia, Pauline Art and Almadel.[9]
White, Nelson & Anne (eds.) Lemegeton: Clavicula Salomonis: or, The complete lesser key of Solomon the King (Pasadena, CA: Technology Group, 1979). Noted by
Peterson to be "almost totally unreadable".[9]
Wilby, Kevin (ed.) The Lemegetton. A Medieval Manual of Solomonic Magic (Silian, Lampeter: Hermetic Research Series, 1985)
Veenstra, Jan R. “The Holy Almandal. Angels and the intellectual aims of magic” in Jan N. Bremmer and Jan R. Veenstra (eds.), The Metamorphosis of Magic from Late
Antiguity to the Early Modern Period (Leuven: Peeters, 2002), pp. 189-229. The Almadel is transcribed at pp. 217-229.

Notes [ edit ]

1. ^ The Clavicula Salomonis, or Key of Solomon is an earlier text referring to different material.
2. ^ The latter republished spuriously as a purported Fourth Book of Agrippa.

References [ edit ]

1. ^ a b c d Lemegeton Clavicula Salomonis: The Lesser Key of Solomon, Detailing the 11. ^ a b First footnote by Joseph H. Peterson to Trithemius's The art of drawing spirits into
Ceremonial Art of Commanding Spirits Both Good and Evil; ed. Joseph H. Peterson; crystals
Weiser Books, Maine; 2001. p.xi-xvii 12. ^ The Magical Calendar; Johann Baptist Grossschedel, trans. and ed. Adam McLean;
2. ^ a b The Goetia of Dr Rudd; Thomas Rudd, Eds. Stephen Skinner & David Rankine; Phanes Press, 1994. P. 35.
2007, Golden Hoard Press. p. 399. 13. ^ Peterson, 2001, p.xv.
3. ^ ab Rudd, Ed. Skinner & Rankine; p.14-19 14. ^ Rudd, ed. Skinner & Rankine; p.53-57
4. ^ a b The Book of Ceremonial Magic, Part I, Chapter III, section 2: "The Lesser Key of 15. ^ Peterson, 2001, p. xv-xvi
Solomon"; Arthur Edward Waite; London, 1913; available online at The Internet Sacred 16. ^ a b Rudd, ed. Skinner & Rankine; pp. 57-59
Text Archive , (direct link to section) . 17. ^ Peterson, 2001, p. xvi
5. ^ abcde Rudd, Ed. Skinner & Rankine; pp. 31-43 18. ^ Rudd, ed. Skinner & Rankine; p.59-60
6. ^ Rudd, Ed. Skinner & Rankine; p.82 19. ^ Peterson, 2001, p. xvii
7. ^ A Book of the Office of Spirits; John Porter, Trans. Frederick Hockley, Ed. Colin D. 20. ^ Rudd, ed. Skinner & Rankine; p.60-63.
Campbelll; Teitan Press, 2011. p. xiii-xvii 21. ^ Rudd, ed. Skinner & Rankine; p.50,
8. ^ Rudd, Ed. Skinner & Rankine; p. 71 22. ^ Rudd, ed. Skinner & Rankine; p.8
9. ^ abcde Peterson, 2001, p.xviii-xx 23. ^ Rudd, ed. Skinner & Rankine; p.52
10. ^ Peterson, 2001, p.40 24. ^ Rudd, ed. Skinner & Rankine; p.51-52

External links [ edit ]

J. B. Hare, online edition (2002, sacred-texts.com)

Joseph H. Peterson, online edition (1999)

V·T·E Solomon [hide]

Family and reputed relations David · Queen of Sheba · Pharaoh's daughter · Naamah · Rehoboam · Menelik I

Occurrences Solomon's Temple · Judgment of Solomon · Solomon's Pools · Solomon's shamir · Solomon in Islam

Proverbs · Ecclesiastes · Song of Songs · Book of Wisdom · Odes of Solomon · Key of Solomon · Lesser Key of Solomon · Magical Treatise of Solomon ·
Reputed works
Psalms of Solomon · Testament of Solomon · Prayer of Solomon

Related articles Solomonic column · Seal of Solomon · Solomon's knot · United Monarchy · Davidic line

Categories: 17th-century books Grimoires Goetia Solomon Demonological literature

This page was last edited on 11 June 2018, at 18:24 (UTC).

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