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DATE RECEIVED:
Superheterodyne Receiver Circuit
Frequency: 535kHz - 1705kHz (AM)
Rx Antenna
IF Frequency: 455 kHz
ECE-E422 Final Exam
By: Stephen Watt
RF 1 2
LO
AGC_Circuit Speaker
RF_Amp AGC_1 Audio_Amp 8ohm
Mixer
Amp1 AudioAmp_1
Mixer1
LNA Gain Audio Amp Gain
set to 20dB LO set to 20dB
LO_1
2
Set AC Bias Values
Var
Eqn VAR
VAR1
CC=1uF
Local Oscillator (LO) Circuit
C=11pF
R=20 kOhm
RFC=200uH
The f requency of the oscillator is important in design f or the
superhetrody ne receiv er, the f requency should be v ariable
(tuned using v ariable capacitors). The oscillator is a f eedback
sy stem that meets two requirements (the Barkhausen criteria):
(1) The f eedback signal must be in phase with the original R R
input signal at the loop closure point Tune Amp f or 910 kHz (2*IF)
R1 RC
(2) The ov erall steady state gain around the f eedback loop R=1 Mohm R=5 kOhm w0=1/(sqrt(6)*C*R)
must be equal to or greater than unity (Av B).
Design Issues
The RC phase shif t oscillator circuit can be f ollowed by an To Mixer
emitter f ollower circuit to ensure the loop gain requirements
of the circuit are met f or a broader range of component v alues.
C
C4
C C C R C=CC
R R
C1 C5 C6 R8
R5 R6
C=C C=C C=C R=16 kOhm pb_hp_HBFP0420_19980529
R=R R=R
Q1
R
R2 C
R CE
R=1 Mohm RE1 C=1.0 pF
R=1k
From RF Amp C
C4
C=CC
C
C1
L MOSFET_NMOS
C=CC L2
MOSFET1
L=RFC
XFERP
XFer1
N=1.0
R
From LO R2
R=50 kOhm
A mixer is a device that converts a signal from one frequency to another. Most high frequency receivers
XFERP
XFer2
use a mixer to down convert the received RF signal to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal. A mixer in
N=1.0 RF systems always refers to a circuit with a non-linear component that causes sum and difference
frequencies of the input signals to be generated. The mixer is achieved by applying the local oscillator
(LO) signal to one mixer port and the Radio Frequency (RF) signal to the other port.
V_DC
SRC1 Design Issues
Vdc=Vbias Ground loops can present noise and humming issue in the mixer circuitry. For this reason,
transformers can be used for the RF and LO signal inputs.
3
AGC Circuit (IF and Detector Stages)
R
R1
R=50 kOhm
C
C7 Diode C R C
C=10 uF DIODE1 C8 R5 C4
C=10 uF R=50 kOhm C=CC
XFERP
XFer2
From Mixer N=1.0
BJT_PNP The signal strength of the received signal in an AM radio can change
BJT1 dramatically depending on the location and environment (in an
automobile, for example). Automatic gain control (AGC) is used to
C
minimize the effect of the varying signal strength on speaker output
XFERP R CE volume. AGC increases the gain of the IF amplifier when the signal
XFer1
C=1.0 pF strength is low, and decreases the gain when the signal strength
RE1
N=1.0 R=1k
C
increases. The two basic components of the circuit are an IF amplifier
C2
and an AM detector circuit.
C=10 uF
R
R1
R=4 kOhm
R
Set Bias Values R R6
R7 R=360 kOhm
Var VAR R=4.4 kOhm
Eqn
VAR1
CC=220uF R
Vcc=30V R4
RFC=200uH R R=3.3 kOhm BJT_NPN
R8 BJT3
R=200 kOhm To Speaker
BJT_NPN
BJT5
R C
R5 BJT_NPN BJT_PNP C4
R=1 kOhm BJT6 BJT7 C=CC
BJT_PNP
BJT2