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What is Mixture
A mixture is a substance made by combining two or more different materials in such a way that no
chemical reaction occurs. A mixture can usually be separated back into its original components. Some
examples of mixtures are a tossed salad, salt water and a mixed bag of M&M's candy.Examples of
MixturesIn chemistry, a mixture forms when two or more substances are combined such that each
substance retains its own chemical identity. Chemical bonds between the components are neither
broken nor formed. Note that even though the chemical properties of the components haven't changed,
a mixture may exhibit new physical properties, like boiling point and melting point. For example, mixing
together water and alcohol produces a mixture that has a higher boiling point and lower melting point
than alcohol (lower boiling point and higher boiling point than water)

Example and Pictures of Mixtures

Examples of Mixtures

1. Flour and sugar may be combined to form a mixture.

2. Sugar and water form a mixture.
3. Marbles and salt may be combined to form a mixture.
4. Smoke is a mixture of solid particles and gases.

Types of Mixtures

Two broad categories of mixtures are heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures. Heterogeneous
mixtures are not uniform throughout the composition (e.g. gravel), while homogeneous mixtures have
the same phase and composition, no matter where you sample them (e.g., air). The distinction between
heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures is a matter of magnification or scale. For example, even air
can appear to be heterogeneous if your sample only contains a few molecules, while a bag of mixed
vegetables may appear homogeneous if your sample is an entire truckload full of them. Also note, even
if a sample consists of a single element, it may form a heterogeneous mixture. One example would be a
mixture of pencil lead and diamonds (both carbon). Another example could be a mixture of gold powder
and nuggets. Besides being classified as heterogeneous or homogeneous, mixtures may also be
described according to the particle size of the components:

Solution - A chemical solution contains very small particle sizes (less than 1 nanometer in diameter). A
solution is physically stable and the components cannot be separated by decanting or centrifuging the
sample. Examples of solutions include air (gas), dissolved oxygen in water (liquid), and mercury in gold
amalgam (solid), opal (solid), and gelatin (solid).

Colloid - A colloidal solution appears homogeneous to the naked eye, but particles are apparent under
microscope magnification. Particle sizes range from 1 nanometer to 1 micrometer. Like solutions,
colloids are physically stable. They exhibit the Tyndall effect. Colloid components can't be separated
using decantation, but may be isolated by centrifugation. Examples of colloids include hair spray (gas),
smoke (gas), whipped cream (liquid foam), blood (liquid),
Suspension - Particles in a suspension are often large enough that the mixture appears heterogeneous.
Stabilizing agents are required to keep the particles from separating. Like colloids, suspensions exhibit
the Tyndall effect. Suspensions may be separated using either decantation or centrifugation. Examples
of suspensions include dust in air (solid in gas), vinaigrette (liquid in liquid), mud (solid in liquid), sand
(solids blended together), and granite (blended solids).

Examples That Are NOT Mixtures

Just because you mix two chemicals together, don't expect you'll always get a mixture! If a chemical
reaction occurs, the identity of a reactant changes. This is not a mixture.Combining vinegar and baking
soda results in a reaction to produce carbon dioxide and water. So, you don't have a mixture. Combining
an acid and a base also does not produce a mixture.
7th grade8th grade9th gradeMiddle SchoolHigh SchoolCollege
Mixtures can be found everywhere. Any two or more items that are combined can be a mixture. The
different parts of a mixture can be separated out into their individual parts.
Common Mixtures of Food
Oil and water Lemon juice and tea
Honey and tea Milk and chocolate
Coffee and cream Cream and sugar
Coffee and sugar Cake ingredients
Chocolate and water Cereal and milk
Oatmeal and raisins Cookie ingredients
Sand and water Orange juice and grenadine
Sugar and water Sugar and tea
Cinnamon and water Salt and water
Coffee (coffee bean + water) Mixed drinks (mixer + alcohol)
Tonic water and lime juice Soda and vanilla syrup

Other Common Mixtures

While virtually any two items combined together, that can then be taken back apart through some
physical means, can be a mixture, some of the most important mixtures are strong metals called alloys.
These special metals are a mixture of two metals that are combined together to strengthen them. Here
is a list of alloys:
Smog (smoke + fog) Mud puddle (dirt + water)
Air (oxygen + nitrogen + other gasses) Atom (nucleus + electrons)
Cement (sand + water + gravel) Dirty snow (water + dirt)
Ocean water (water + salt) Alloy Mixtures
Al-Li (aluminum + lithium + sometimes mercury) Alnico (aluminum + nickel + copper)
Alumel (nickel + manganese + aluminum + silicon) Antimonial lead (lead + antimony)
Argentium sterling silver (silver + copper + germanium) Arsenical copper (copper + arsenic)
Bergman phase (magnesium + aluminum + zinc) Beryllium copper (copper + beryllium)
Beta C (titanium + vanadium + chromium + other metals) Billon (copper + silver)
Brass (zinc + copper) Britannia silver (silver + copper)
Britannium (tin + copper + antimony) Chromel (nickel + chromium)
Chromoly (chromium + molybdenum) Constantan (copper + nickel)
Copper-tungsten (copper + tungsten) Corinthian bronze (copper+gold + silver)
Cunife (copper + nickel + iron) Cupronickel (copper + nickel)
Cupronickel (nickel + bronze + copper) Cymbal alloys (Bell metal) (copper + tin)
Devarda's alloy (copper + aluminum + zinc) Duralumin (copper + aluminum)
Electrum (copper + gold + silver)
Elinvar (nickel + chromium)
Field's metal (indium + bismuth + tin)
German silver (nickel + copper + zinc)
Hastelloy (nickel+molybdenum+chromium+sometimestungsten)
Hepatizon (copper + gold + silver)
Inconel (nickel + chromium + iron)
KLi (potassium + lithium)
Magnalium (aluminum + 5% magnesium)
Magnox (magnesium + aluminum)
Megallium (cobalt + chromium + molybdenum)
Molybdochalkos (lead + copper)
Monelmetal(copper+nickel+iron+manganese)
Mu-metal (nickel + iron)
Nambe (aluminum + seven other unspecified metals)
Nichrome (chromium + iron + nickel)
Nicrosil (nickel + chromium + silicon + magnesium)
Nitinol (nickel + titanium + shape memory alloy)
gold (copper + aluminum + zinc + tin)
Pewter (tin + lead + copper)
Rose gold (gold + copper)
Shibuichi (silver + copper)
Silumin (aluminum + silicon)
Solder (tin + lead + antimony)
(manganese + carbon + silicon)
Staballoy (depleted uranium + titanium or molybdenum)
Stainless steel (chromium + nickel)
Stellite (cobalt+chromium tungsten or molybdenum carbon)
Sterling silver (silver + copper)
Terne (lead + tin)
Tumbaga (copper + gold)
Ultimet (cobalt+chromium+nickel+molybdenumiron+tungsten)
Vitallium (cobalt + chromium + molybdenum)
White gold (gold +nickel+palladium or platinum)
Zircaloy (zirconium + tin + chromium + iron + nickel)
Pictures of Mixtures
Electrum (silver + gold)
Fernico (nickel + cobalt)
Galinstan (gallium + indium + tin)
Goloid (silver + copper + gold)
Heusler alloy (copper + manganese + tin)
Invar (nickel + iron)
Kovar (nickel + cobalt + iron)
Magnox (magnesium oxide + aluminum)
Manganin (copper + manganese + nickel)
Mischmetal (various rare earths)
NaK (sodium + potassium)
Ni-C (nickel + carbon)
Nickel silver (copper + nickel)
Nisil (nickel + silicon)
Nordic
Platinum sterling (silver + platinum)
Shakudo (copper + gold)
Silicon steel (steel + silicon)
Solder (lead + tin)
Spiegeleisen
Steel (carbon + iron)
Talonite (cobalt + chromium)
Tool steel (tungsten or manganese)
Type metal (lead + tin + antimony)
Zamak(zinc+aluminum+magnesium+copper)
Difference between Homogenous Mixture and Heterogeneous
Mixture

The terms heterogeneous and homogeneous refer to mixtures of materials in chemistry. The difference
between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures is the degree at which the materials are mixed
together and the uniformity of their composition.A homogeneous mixture has the same uniform
appearance and composition throughout. Many homogeneous mixtures are commonly referred to as
solutions.

A heterogeneous mixture consists of visibly different substances or phases. The three phases or states
of matter are gas, liquid, and solid. And a homogeneous mixture is a mixture where the components
that make up the mixture are uniformly distributed throughout the mixture. The composition of the
mixture is the same throughout.
There is only one phase of matter observed in a homogeneous mixture. So, you wouldn't observe both a
liquid and a gas or a liquid and a solid in a homogeneous mixture. Homogeneous mixtures appear
uniform to the eye. They consist of a single phase, be it liquid, gas, or solid, no matter where you sample
them or how closely you examine them. The chemical composition is the same for any sample of the
mixture.

Homogeneous Mixture Examples

There are several examples of homogeneous mixtures encountered in everyday life:

 Air
 Sugar water
 Rain water
 Vodka
 Vinegar
 Dishwashing detergent
 Steel

You can't pick out components of a homogeneous mixture or use a simple mechanical means to
separate them. You can't see individual chemicals or ingredients in this type of mixture. Only one phase
of matter is present in a homogeneous mixture
A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture where the components of the mixture are not uniform or have
localized regions with different properties. Different samples from the mixture are not identical to each
other. There are always two or more phases in a heterogeneous mixture, where you can identify a
region with properties that are distinct from those of another region, even if they are the same state of
matter (e.g., liquid, solid).
Heterogeneous Mixture Examples
Heterogeneous mixtures are more common than homogeneous mixtures. Examples include:

• Cereal in milk • Vegetable soup

• Pizza • Blood
• Gravel • Ice in soda
• Salad dressing • Mixed nuts
• Bowl of colored candies • Soil

Usually, it's possible to physically separate components of a heterogeneous mixture. For example, you
can centrifuge (spin out) solid blood cells to separate them from the plasma of blood. You can remove
ice cubes from soda. You can separate candies according to color.

Telling Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Mixtures Apart

Mostly, the difference between the two types of mixtures is a matter of scale. If you look closely at sand
from a beach, you can see the different components, such as shells, coral, sand, and organic matter. It's
a heterogeneous mixture. If, however, you view a large volume of sand from a distance, it's impossible
to discern the different types of particles. The mixture is homogeneous. This can seem confusing! When
you combine two or more materials, you form a mixture. There are two categories of mixtures:
homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures. Here's a closer look at these types of mixtures and

Examples of Mixtures
Heterogeneous mixtures are not uniform. If you take two samples from different parts of the mixture,
they will not have an identical composition. You can use a mechanical method to separate components
of a heterogeneous mixture (e.g., sorting candies in a bowl). Sometimes these mixtures are obvious,
where you can see different types of materials in a sample. For example, if you have a salad, you can see
different sizes and shapes and types of vegetables. In other cases, you need to look more closely to
recognize this mixture.
Any mixture that contains more than one phase of matter is a heterogeneous mixture. Sometimes this
can be tricky because a change of conditions can alter a mixture. For example, an unopened soda in a
bottle has a uniform composition and is a homogeneous mixture. Once you open the bottle, bubbles
appear in the liquid. The bubbles from carbonation are gasses, while the majority of the soda is liquid.
An opened can of soda is an example of a heterogeneous mixture.

Examples of Mixtures
Air is a homogeneous mixture. However, the Earth's atmosphere as a whole is a heterogeneous mixture.
See the clouds? That's evidence the composition is not uniform.Alloys are made when two or more
metals are mixed together. They usually are homogeneous mixtures. Examples include brass, bronze,
steel, and sterling silver. Sometimes multiple phases exist in alloys. In these cases, they are
heterogeneous mixtures. The two types of mixtures are distinguished by the size of the crystals that are
present.Mixing together two solids, without melting them together, typically results in a heterogeneous
mixture. Examples include sand and sugar, salt and gravel, a basket of produce, and a toy box filled with
toys.
Mixtures in two or more phases are heterogeneous mixtures. Examples include ice cubes in a drink,
sand and water, and salt and oil.The liquid that is immiscible form heterogeneous mixtures. A good
example is a mixture of oil and water.
Chemical solutions are usually homogeneous mixtures. The exception would be solutions that contain
another phase of matter. For example, you can make a homogeneous solution of sugar and water, but if
there are crystals in the solution, it becomes a heterogeneous mixture.Many common chemicals are
homogeneous mixtures. Examples include vodka, vinegar, and dishwashing liquid.Many familiar items
are heterogeneous mixtures. Examples include orange juice with pulp and chicken noodle soup.Some
mixtures that appear homogeneous at first glance are heterogeneous upon closer inspection. Examples
include blood, soil, and sand.
A homogeneous mixture can be a component of a heterogeneous mixture. For example, bitumen (a
homogeneous mixture) is a component of asphalt (a heterogeneous mixture).

Submitted by

July 31, 2018

A Research Paper
in Science

Presented to
Mr.Larry R. Sevilla
Science Teacher