PARTS OF A MICROSCOPE AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

The following are the parts of

microscope:-

Eyepiece or ocular lens: Eyepiece is

the lens, present at the top and is used
to see the objects under study.
Eyepiece lens contains a magnification
of 10X or 15X.

Tube: Tube or the body tube, connects

the eyepiece to the objective lenses.

Resolving nosepiece: It is also known

as the Turret. Resolving nosepiece has
holders for the different objective
lenses. It allows the rotation of the
lenses while viewing.

Objective lenses: Generally, three or

four objective lenses are found on a
microscope, with ranges of 10X, 40X,
100X powers. Lenses are colour coded,
the shortest lens is of the lowest power,
and the longest lens is high power lenses.

Diaphragm: Diaphragm helps in controlling the amount of light that is passing through the
opening of the stage. It is helpful in the adjustment of the control of light that enters.

Coarse adjustment knob: Used for focus on scanning. Usually the low power lens is used
enabling the movement of the tube.

Fine adjustment knob: Used for focus on oil. Moves the body tube for focussing the high
power lens.

Arm: It supports the tube of the microscope and connects to the base of the microscope.

Stage: The platform that is flat used for placing the slides under observation.

Stage clip: Stage clips hold the slides in proper place.

Condensor: The main function of condenser lens is focussing the light on the specimen under
observation. When very high powers of 400X are used, condenser lenses are very important.
Presence of condenser lens gives a sharper image as compared to the microscope with no
condenser lens.

Base: Provides basal support for the microscope.

Power switch: The main power switch that turns the illumination on or off.
 PARTS OF A TELESCOPE

LENSES AND MIRRORS

Every telescope has two lenses -- an objective lens and an eyepiece. Both of these are biconcave,
that is, curved outwardly on both sides, like a classic "flying saucer." The objective lens is at the
end pointed toward the object you're looking at. In a hand-held telescope, the eyepiece is at the
opposite end, eliminating the need for a mirror. In a larger model, the eyepiece is on the side of
the unit, so a mirror is required to bounce the light rays collected from the objective lens
perpendicularly toward the eyepiece.

THE EYEPIECE
Don't fall into the trap of equipping yourself with a top-flight objective lens and mirror while
regarding the eyepiece as an "anything will do" part of the optics chain. When you replace a
workaday eyepiece with one of genuine quality, you may be astounded at the difference in your
viewing experience.
Keep a simple, handy equation in mind -- the magnification you get is simply the focal length of
the objective lens divided by that of the eyepiece. Clearly, then, an eyepiece with a shorter focal
length will offer a higher magnification level for the system as a whole, all else being equal.

STRUCTURAL SUPPORT
If you hold a telescope in your hands -- assuming you own a model that's small enough to allow
this -- you almost certainly won't be able to keep the apparatus still enough to prevent disruptions
to the visual field. Most telescopes are therefore mounted on fixed stands, such as tripods. The
part of the mount connecting the stand to the telescope proper typically allows for two
independent axes of rotation: one in a horizontal plane to allow for directional pointing, or an
azimuth, and the other in a vertical plane to achieve a given elevation, or altitude.
A microscope is an instrument used to see objects that are too small to be
seen by the naked eye. Microscopy is the science of investigating small
objects and structures using such an instrument

The Importance of Microscopes

The invention of the microscope has opened up a whole new

dimension in science. By using microscopes scientists were
able to discover the existence of microorganisms, study the
structure of cells, and see the smallest parts of plants,
animals, and fungi. Today, the microscope is still a commonly
used tool to diagnosis illness in hospitals and clinics all over
the world.

Since their original invention, microscopes have moved

beyond the simple visible light refracting lenses. Electrons, x-
rays, and infrared rays are used by far more sophisticated
(and expensive) microscopes to detect even smaller and
smaller structures. Scanning electron microscopes are able to
resolve viruses, which are far smaller than any cell.