Exercises of Proofs Involving Sets (Kümelerle ilgili İspatlar)

Use the methods introduced in this chapter to prove the following statements.
1. Prove that 12n : n ∈ Z ⊆ 2n : n ∈ Z ∩ 3n : n ∈ Z .
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2. Prove that 6n : n ∈ Z = 2n : n ∈ Z ∩ 3n : n ∈ Z .
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3. If k ∈ Z, then n ∈ Z : n | k ⊆ n ∈ Z : n | k2 .
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4. If m, n ∈ Z, then x ∈ Z : mn | x ⊆ x ∈ Z : m | x ∩ x ∈ Z : n | x .
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5. If p and q are positive integers, then pn : n ∈ N ∩ qn : n ∈ N 6= ;.

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6. Suppose A, B and C are sets. Prove that if A ⊆ B, then A − C ⊆ B − C .

7. Suppose A, B and C are sets. If B ⊆ C , then A × B ⊆ A × C .
8. If A, B and C are sets, then A ∪ (B ∩ C) = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C).
9. If A, B and C are sets, then A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C).
10. If A and B are sets in a universal set U , then A ∩ B = A ∪ B.
11. If A and B are sets in a universal set U , then A ∪ B = A ∩ B.
12. If A, B and C are sets, then A − (B ∩ C) = (A − B) ∪ (A − C).
13. If A, B and C are sets, then A − (B ∪ C) = (A − B) ∩ (A − C).
14. If A, B and C are sets, then (A ∪ B) − C = (A − C) ∪ (B − C).
15. If A, B and C are sets, then (A ∩ B) − C = (A − C) ∩ (B − C).
16. If A, B and C are sets, then A × (B ∪ C) = (A × B) ∪ (A × C).
17. If A, B and C are sets, then A × (B ∩ C) = (A × B) ∩ (A × C).
18. If A, B and C are sets, then A × (B − C) = (A × B) − (A × C).
19. Prove that 9n : n ∈ Z ⊆ 3n : n ∈ Z , but 9n : n ∈ Z 6= 3n : n ∈ Z
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20. Prove that 9n : n ∈ Q = 3n : n ∈ Q .

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21. Suppose A and B are sets. Prove A ⊆ B if and only if A − B = ;.

22. Let A and B be sets. Prove that A ⊆ B if and only if A ∩ B = A .
23. For each a ∈ R, let A a = (x, a(x2 − 1)) ∈ R2 : x ∈ R . Prove that
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A a = (−1, 0), (1, 0) .
a∈R
[3 − x2 , 5 + x2 ] = [3, 5].
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24. Prove that
x∈R
25. Suppose A, B, C and D are sets. Prove that (A × B) ∪ (C × D) ⊆ (A ∪ C) × (B ∪ D).
26. Prove 4k + 5 : k ∈ Z = 4k + 1 : k ∈ Z .
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27. Prove 12a + 4b : a, b ∈ Z = 4c : c ∈ Z .

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28. Prove 12a + 25b : a, b ∈ Z = Z.

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29. Suppose A 6= ;. Prove that A × B ⊆ A × C , if and only if B ⊆ C .

30. Prove that (Z × N) ∩ (N × Z) = N × N.
31. Suppose B 6= ; and A × B ⊆ B × C . Prove A ⊆ C .

İyi çalışmalar.