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R
Ra
8
4
R
7
VCC
DIS
R
7 1K
VCC
DIS
3
Q
Rb 3 6
THR
Q 2
TR LED
6 5
THR
GND
CV
2
2
TR LED NE555
C
5
1
0.01uF
GND
CV
NE555
1
C
1
0.01uF
R Threshold Comparator
Ra 2 +V
Vcc -
Q
Output
3
+
R 3
6 -V
R
Trigger +V
-
2 S Q
1 +
Vcc -V
3 Trigger Comparator Control Flip-Flop
7
R
C
1 Monstable Multivibrator
One-Shot
Behavior of the Monostable Multivibrator
R Threshold Comparator
R1 +V
- Output
R Q
+ 3
R2 6 -V
R
+V
-
2 S Q
+
-V
Trigger Comparator Control Flip-Flop
7
R
C
– Flashing LED’s
– Pulse Width Modulation
– Pulse Position Modulation
– Periodic Timers
Flashing LED’s
TCLOSE = 0 R1
1 2
8V
U1
V V 1k V
1
6V
U2 Ca p a c i t o r Vo l t a g e
V1
10V TOPEN = 0 C1
4V
1uF
2
2V
0V
0 0s
V ( U2 : 1 )
1 ms
V ( R1 : 2 )
2 ms
V( V1 : + )
3 ms 4 ms 5 ms 6 ms 7 ms 8 ms 9 ms 1 0 ms
T i me
8 mA 8V
6 mA 6V
Ca p a c i t o r and Re s i s t o r Cu r r e n t
Ca p a c i t o r Vo l t a g e
4 mA 4V
2 mA 2V
0A 0V
0s 1 ms 2 ms 3 ms 4 ms 5 ms 6 ms 7 ms 8 ms 9 ms 1 0 ms 0s 1 ms 2 ms 3 ms 4 ms 5 ms 6 ms 7 ms 8 ms 9 ms 1 0 ms
I ( R1 ) I ( C1 ) V( U2 : 1 ) V ( R1 : 2 ) V ( V1 : + )
T i me T i me
• Capacitor Current − tτ
I = Ioe
V = V o 1 − e
• Capacitor Voltage − t
τ
• Where the time constant
τ = R C = R1 ⋅C 1 = 1m s
Understanding the equations
10V
8V
6V
Ca p a c i t o r Vo l t a g e
4V
2V
0V
0s 1 ms 2 ms 3 ms 4 ms 5 ms 6 ms 7 ms 8 ms 9 ms 1 0 ms
V ( U2 : 1 ) V( R1 : 2 ) V( V1 : + )
T i me
τ ch arg e = ( R1 + R 2)C1
• The voltage reaches
(2/3)Vcc in a time
1 1 .4 4
f = =
0 .6 9 3 ( R 1 + 2 ⋅ R 2 ) C 1 ( R 1 + 2 ⋅ R 2 ) C 1
555 Animation
Output is low
so the upper
LED is on and
the lower LED
is off
Capacitor is discharging
through Rb
PWM: Pulse Width Modulation
Medium
Duty Cycle
High
Duty Cycle
…..Thank you…..