Unit 1.

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Reflexive and Emphatic Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns are formed by the addition of the suffix self (singular) or selves (plural) to simple
pronouns such as my, your, her, him, it, them and our.
My + self = Myself
Your + self = Yourself
Our + self = Ourselves
Them + selves = Themselves
It + self = Itself
When the subject and the object refer to the same person, a reflexive pronoun is used for the object.
I cut myself. (Here the subject and the object refer to the same person – I.)
You cut yourself. (Here the subject and the object refer to the same person – you.)
She cut herself. (Here the subject and the object refer to the same person – she.)
The child cut itself.
We cut ourselves.
Note: When self is used independently, it is a noun and not a pronoun.
An honest man keeps his self free from all vices.

One’s self is always more important to one than anything else.
Emphatic pronouns
When reflexive pronouns are used to put emphasis on a particular noun they are called emphatic pronouns.
He himself told me this.
I finished the job myself.
They themselves admitted their mistake.
We ourselves witnessed the accident.
Notes: The emphatic pronouns cannot be used as subjects.

It is therefore wrong to say:
John and myself went there.

Herself swam in the river.
I invited herself to tea.
The correct sentences are as follows:

John and I went there.
She swam in the river.
I invited her to tea.
Difference between reflective and emphatic pronouns
A pronoun is a reflexive one if the action of the subject reflects upon the doer.
Emphatic pronouns, on the other hand, are used to just emphasize the action of the subject. He cut himself.
(Reflexive: here the subject and object refer to the same person.)
He himself cut the cake. (Emphatic: here the emphatic pronoun himself merely puts emphasis on the noun he.)
I spoke to the principal myself. (Emphatic)
You must blame yourself for the loss. (Reflexive)
Note that an emphatic pronoun can be removed from the sentence and the core meaning would not be affected.
A reflexive pronoun, on the other hand, is indispensable. The sentence wouldn’t make complete sense if you
remove the reflexive pronoun.
Compare:
He himself cut the cake.
He cut the cake.
He cut himself.
He cut …what?
You will have noticed that in the first pair of sentences, the core meaning doesn’t change when the emphatic
pronoun himself is removed from the sentence. In the second pair of sentences, the meaning changes or
becomes incomplete when the reflexive pronoun is removed.
Notes: If the reflexive pronoun in a sentence is replaced by the reciprocal pronoun ‘each other’, the meaning
of the sentence changes drastically.
Compare:
John and Peter blamed themselves for the loss. (John blamed himself and Peter blamed himself.)
John and Peter blamed each other for the loss. (John blamed Peter and Peter blamed John.)
Read more at http://www.englishpractice.com/improve/reflexive-emphatic-

pronouns/#kixfRSz5QDAqhW1X.99
Reflexive and emphatic pronouns exercise
Fill in the blanks using appropriate reflexive and emphatic pronouns.
1. She washes her clothes ...............................
2. We enjoyed ....................................... at the party.
3. The little boy sat by ............................
4. He absented ............................. from the class.
5. The minister ............................ said this.
6. She was so much in love with ................................... that she thought of none else.
7. Betrayed by his friends, he killed ...............................
8. Love the neighbor as ...........................
9. He ...............................told me this.
10. You ...................................... know better than anybody else.

11. He .................................. is responsible for this.
12. She is old enough to dress ........................... now.
13. The manager spoke to me .......................
14. T he house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is nice, but the garden is small.
Grammar Genius unit 23

Answers
1. She washes her clothes herself.
2. We enjoyed ourselves at the party.
3. The little boy sat by himself.
4. He absented himself from the class.

5. The minister himself said this.
6. She was so much in love with herself that she thought of none else.
7. Betrayed by friends, he killed himself.
8. Love thy neighbor as thyself.
9. He himself told me this.
10. You yourself know better than anybody else.
11. He himself is responsible for this.
12. She is old enough to dress herself now.
13. The manager spoke to me himself.
14. The house itself is nice, but the garden is small.

Ganti refleksif dan Emphatic
Kata ganti refleksif dibentuk dengan penambahan akhiran diri (tunggal) atau diri (jamak) untuk kata
ganti sederhana seperti saya, Anda, dia, dia,, mereka dan kami.
Saya + diri = Sendiri
Anda + diri = Diri
Kami + diri = Diri Sendiri
Mereka + diri = Sendiri
Ini + diri = Hakikat
Ketika subjek dan objek mengacu pada orang yang sama, kata ganti refleksif digunakan untuk objek.
Aku melukai diriku. (Di sini subjek dan objek mengacu pada orang yang sama - I.)
Anda memotong diri sendiri. (Di sini subjek dan objek mengacu pada orang yang sama - Anda.)
Dia melukai dirinya sendiri. (Di sini subjek dan objek mengacu pada orang yang sama -. Dia)
Anak itu memotong sendiri.
Kita menutup diri.
Catatan: Ketika diri digunakan secara independen, itu adalah kata benda, bukan kata ganti.
Orang yang jujur membuat dirinya bebas dari segala keburukan.
Satu diri selalu lebih penting untuk salah satu dari apa pun.
Kata ganti tegas
Ketika kata ganti refleksif digunakan untuk menempatkan penekanan pada kata benda tertentu
mereka disebut kata ganti tegas.
Ia sendiri mengatakan kepada saya ini.

Aku selesai pekerjaan sendiri.
Mereka sendiri mengakui kesalahan mereka.
Kami sendiri menyaksikan kecelakaan.
Catatan: kata ganti tegas tidak dapat digunakan sebagai subyek.
Oleh karena itu salah untuk mengatakan:
John dan saya sendiri pergi ke sana.
Dirinya sendiri berenang di sungai.
Saya mengundang dirinya untuk minum teh.
Kalimat yang benar adalah sebagai berikut:
John dan aku pergi ke sana.
Dia berenang di sungai.
Aku mengundangnya untuk minum teh.
Perbedaan antara kata ganti reflektif dan tegas
Ganti adalah satu refleksif jika aksi subjek mencerminkan pada pelaku.
Kata ganti tegas, di sisi lain, digunakan untuk hanya menekankan tindakan subjek. Dia memotong
dirinya sendiri. (Refleksif: di sini subyek dan obyek mengacu pada orang yang sama.)
Dia sendiri memotong kue. (Emphatic: sini ganti tegas dirinya hanya menempatkan penekanan pada
kata benda ia.)
Saya berbicara dengan kepala sekolah sendiri. (Emphatic)
Anda harus menyalahkan diri sendiri untuk kerugian. (Refleksif)
Perhatikan bahwa kata ganti tegas dapat dihapus dari kalimat dan makna inti tidak akan
terpengaruh. Sebuah kata ganti refleksif, di sisi lain, sangat diperlukan. Kalimat itu tidak masuk akal
lengkap jika Anda menghapus kata ganti refleksif.
Bandingkan:
Dia sendiri memotong kue.
Dia memotong kue.
Dia memotong dirinya sendiri.
Dia memotong ... apa?
Anda akan menyadari bahwa dalam pasangan pertama kalimat, makna inti tidak berubah ketika kata
ganti tegas dirinya akan dihapus dari kalimat. Pada pasangan kedua kalimat, perubahan yang berarti
atau menjadi lengkap ketika kata ganti refleksif dihapus.
Catatan: Jika kata ganti refleksif dalam kalimat diganti dengan kata ganti timbal balik 'saling', arti dari
kalimat perubahan drastis.
Bandingkan:
John dan Peter menyalahkan diri sendiri karena kerugian. (John menyalahkan diri sendiri dan Peter
menyalahkan dirinya sendiri.)
John dan Peter saling menyalahkan kerugian. (John menyalahkan Peter dan Peter John
menyalahkan.)
Baca lebih lanjut di http://www.englishpractice.com/improve/reflexive-emphatic-pronouns/ #

kixfRSz5QDAqhW1X.99
Kata ganti refleksif dan tegas berolahraga
Mengisi kekosongan menggunakan kata ganti refleksif dan tegas sesuai.
1. Dia mencuci pakaiannya
2. Kami menikmati pesta.
3. Anak kecil duduk
4. Dia absen dari kelas.
5. Menteri mengatakan hal ini.
6. Dia begitu banyak cinta dengan dia memikirkan ada yang lain.
7. Dikhianati oleh teman-temannya, dia membunuh

8. Cinta sesama seperti
9. Dia mengatakan kepada saya ini.
10. Anda tahu lebih baik daripada orang lain.
11. Dia bertanggung jawab untuk ini.
12. Dia sudah cukup tua untuk berpakaian sekarang.
13. Manajer berbicara kepada saya
14. Rumah bagus, tapi taman kecil.
Grammar Genius Unit 23

Jawaban
1. Dia mencuci pakaiannya sendiri.
2. Kami menikmati diri kita sendiri di pesta.
3. Anak kecil duduk seorang diri.
4. Dia absen dirinya dari kelas.
5. Menteri sendiri mengatakan ini.
6. Dia begitu banyak cinta dengan dirinya sendiri bahwa dia memikirkan ada yang lain.
7. Dikhianati oleh teman-teman, dia bunuh diri.
8. Kasihilah sesamamu manusia seperti dirimu sendiri.
9. Ia sendiri mengatakan kepada saya ini.
10. Anda sendiri tahu lebih baik daripada orang lain.
11. Ia sendiri bertanggung jawab untuk ini.
12. Dia sudah cukup tua untuk berpakaian dirinya sekarang.
13. Manajer berbicara kepada saya sendiri.
14. Rumah itu sendiri baik, tapi taman kecil.
...

Unit 1.

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Page 1 of 2www.enqlishqrammar.orq — Grammar lessons, rules, and news for everyday use.

Reflexive and Emphatic Pronouns

Note: When self is used independently, it is a noun and not a pronoun.

An honest man keeps his self free from all vices.

Notes: The emphatic pronouns cannot be used as subjects.

John and myself went there.

The correct sentences are as follows:

Difference between reflective and emphatic pronouns

Read more at http://www.englishpractice.com/improve/reflexive-emphatic-

Fill in the blanks using appropriate reflexive and emphatic pronouns.

1. She washes her clothes ...............................

2. We enjoyed ....................................... at the party.

3. The little boy sat by ............................

4. He absented ............................. from the class.

5. The minister ............................ said this.

7. Betrayed by his friends, he killed ...............................

8. Love the neighbor as ...........................

10. You ...................................... know better than anybody else.

11. He .................................. is responsible for this.

12. She is old enough to dress ........................... now.

13. The manager spoke to me .......................

14. T he house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is nice, but the garden is small.

Grammar Genius unit 23

1. She washes her clothes herself.

2. We enjoyed ourselves at the party.

3. The little boy sat by himself.

4. He absented himself from the class.

5. The minister himself said this.

7. Betrayed by friends, he killed himself.

8. Love thy neighbor as thyself.

9. He himself told me this.

10. You yourself know better than anybody else.

11. He himself is responsible for this.

12. She is old enough to dress herself now.

13. The manager spoke to me himself.

14. The house itself is nice, but the garden is small.

Ganti refleksif dan Emphatic

Saya + diri = Sendiri

Anda + diri = Diri

Kami + diri = Diri Sendiri

Mereka + diri = Sendiri

Ini + diri = Hakikat

Anak itu memotong sendiri.

Kita menutup diri.

Orang yang jujur membuat dirinya bebas dari segala keburukan.

Kata ganti tegas

Ia sendiri mengatakan kepada saya ini.

Aku selesai pekerjaan sendiri.

Mereka sendiri mengakui kesalahan mereka.

Kami sendiri menyaksikan kecelakaan.

Catatan: kata ganti tegas tidak dapat digunakan sebagai subyek.

Oleh karena itu salah untuk mengatakan:

John dan saya sendiri pergi ke sana.

Dirinya sendiri berenang di sungai.

Saya mengundang dirinya untuk minum teh.

Kalimat yang benar adalah sebagai berikut:

John dan aku pergi ke sana.

Dia berenang di sungai.

Aku mengundangnya untuk minum teh.

Perbedaan antara kata ganti reflektif dan tegas

Saya berbicara dengan kepala sekolah sendiri. (Emphatic)

Anda harus menyalahkan diri sendiri untuk kerugian. (Refleksif)

Dia sendiri memotong kue.

Dia memotong kue.