Show all your work. Do not skip units. Use additional sheets as required.

[1] For laminar flow between two parallel plates (both plates at rest), the shear stress on the top and
bottom plates are related as follows (circle one) (1 pts)

(a) Exactly equal

(b) Equal but opposite sign
(c) Not equal
(d) None of the above

[2] If the diameter of a circular pipe is doubled (everything else being the same), then the corresponding
pressure drop for laminar flow would be greater or less than before? (1 pts)

[3] Which of the following are true for turbulent boundary layers? More than one may be correct. (2 pts)

(a) All else being equal, it has higher gradients near the wall compared to laminar flow
(b) The 1/7th power law is applicable at the wall
(c) They occur above the critical Reynolds number
(d) None of the above

[6] What is the shape of the velocity profile for laminar flow through a horizontal pipe? Sketch and/or
provide a description (couple of words) (1 pts)

[4] If gravity is an important parameter, what dimensionless parameter should be matched in order to
obtain dynamic similitude? (1 pts)

[5] If there are 10 dimensional variables and 5 primary dimensions, then, according to the
Buckingham-Π theorem, how many dimensionless variables will there be? (1 pts)

[6] Sketch the velocity profile for flow between parallel plates for the situations shown. (4 pts)
(a) Top plate moving to the right with velocity U; U ≠ 0 U

High Low
Pressure Pressure

Bottom plate at rest

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(b) Top plate moving to the right with velocity U; U ≠ 0 U

Low High
Pressure Pressure

Bottom plate at rest

[7] Oil flows through the 100-mm-diameter pipe as shown. If the

pressure at A is 34.25 kPa, determine the discharge at B. Take ρo = 870
kg/m3 and μo= 0.036 N·s/m2. (5 pts)

[8] A flat plate is sliding at a constant velocity of 3 m/s on a large horizontal table. A thin layer of oil
(absolute viscosity = 0.50 N·s/m2) separates the plate from the table. What is the thickness of the oil film
if the maximum shear stress in the oil is 0.75 kPa? (2 pts)

[9] A Newtonian fluid flows under steady, laminar conditions through a circular pipe of diameter 0.25 m
at a volumetric rate of 0.1 m3/s. Under these conditions, what is the maximum local velocity? (2 pts)

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 [Problem 1: 25 pts] Water flows steadily down the inclined pipe as shown. If a mercury manometer
indicates a difference of 6 inches between the points 1 and 2, determine the following: (a) The difference
in pressure (p1 – p2) (b) The loss between points 1 and 2 and (c) the net axial force exerted by the pipe
wall on the flowing water between points 1 and 2. Take L = 5 ft, diameter of the pipe to be 6 inches and
the inclination of the pipe (ϕ) to be 30 degrees.

[Problem 2: 15 pts] The diameter D of oil spots made on a sheet of porous paper
depends upon the diameter d of the squirting nozzle, the height h of the nozzle from
the surface, the velocity V of the oil, and its density ρ, viscosity μ, and surface
tension σ. Determine the dimensionless ratios that define this process. Use the step-
by-step method (discussed in class) to find the dimensionless ratios.

[Problem 3: 20 points] A platform (constrained to move vertically) is powered by 4 symmetrically-placed

water jets. The jets are supplied via 4 centimeter diameter hoses. The water jets can produce a velocity
of 18 m/s. The mass of the platform is 150 kg. Determine the following:

a) What is the minimum jet velocity required to lift the platform off the ground?
b) How long does it take for the platform to rise 15 m when the water jet velocity is 18 m/s?
c) If the water jet is shut off when the platform has risen 15 m, how much higher will the platform
go?

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[Problem 4: 20 points] A water jet strikes the vertical surface of a cart moving horizontally at a constant
velocity of 10 m/s in the flow direction. The water exits the nozzle at 35 m/s and the mass flow rate
through the nozzle is 30 kg/s. Determine the following:

a) What is the force that needs to be applied by the brakes of the cart to prevent it from
accelerating?
b) If this force were used to generate power instead of being converted to heat (via the brakes), how
much power could be generated?
c) If the mass of the cart is 400 kg and the brakes fail, what will be the acceleration of the cart when
the water jet first strikes it. Ignore mass of water that wets the back of the cart.

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