Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
www.gabb.gov.tr
info@gabb.gov.tr
gabbinternational@gmail.com
1
CONTENTS
ANNEX…………………………………………………………………………………….........................................36
2
About GABB
3
increase- since December 2015 in the migration, it is highly possible that this
region in general and in these towns in figure is much higher. As a result of
particular. The destruction caused by information from local resources, it can
heavy weapons used in town centres, be said that emigration flow is generally
leads to a serious accommodation towards nearby rural and urban
problem of the population assumed to districts. An internal immigration route
be temporarily displaced. According to is reported from Cizre and Silopi to
the data issued on 11 January 2016 by Şırnak city center, from Nusaybin to
the Ministry of Internal Affairs, 50 pct Mardin city center and from Silvan and
of overall 439 thousand of population Sur to other districts at the city center.
in Cizre and Silopi/Sırnak; According to the estimated data we
Sur/Diyarbakir, Nusaybin/Mardin were gathered from our interviews with the
adversely affected by the clashes. This municipalities, deputies and related
was announced to be 220 thousand 400 humanitarian aid associations, the
people. Number of people emigrated ongoing emigration flow is twice as big
from these four towns were reported to as the figures of the Ministry of Internal
be around 93 thousand. Given the Affairs and it continues to get worse.
practical impossibility of coming up
with exact figures in times of internal
The data coming from institutions like The last curfew in Cizre which
the Human Rights Association, witnessed 5 curfews in total was
Mesopotamia Lawyer's Association, announced in 14.12.2015. 45 civilians
Turkish Association of Human Rights, have been killed in the blockage that
Mesopotamia Ecology Movement, The has been going on for 28 days. 78
Bar of Diyarbakir, depicts a seriously civilians lost their lives in Cizre since
concerning picture with regards to July 2015.
human right violations.
The blockages which were firstly The last curfew in Silopi which
announced in Varto in August 16 under witnessed 2 curfews in total was
the name of “curfew,” went on in three announced in 14.12.2015. In the
towns, namely Cizre, Silopi and Sur. 56 blockage that has lasted for 28 days, 26
curfews have been announced up until civilians have lost their lives. Since July
now in 20 towns of 7 cities, amounting 2015, overall 39 civilians have lost their
to overall 288 labour days. Following is lives in Silopi.
the general situation in three towns
where ongoing curfews have been
announced as of 10 January 2016:
4
The last curfew was announced in When we have a look at the overall
02.12.2015 in Sur which witnessed 6 balance sheet of the clashes as of 10
curfews in total. 16 civilians have lost January 2016; 397 civilians, of which 56
their lives in the blockage that has been are kids and 78 are women lost their
going on for 40 days. The number of lives in 20 July 2015 – 10 January 2016.
civilians who have lost their lives since
July 2015 in Sur is 20.
5
1. METHODOLOGY of THE SURVEY AND ITS TIME SPAN
FIGURE No 1: The geographic locations of settlements that have been affected by the clashes in the region.
The affected settlements include the districts of Varto, Nusaybin, Dargeçit, Lice, Dicle, Silvan, Sur, Bismil,
Beytüşşebap, Silopi, Cizre, Şemdinli, Yüksekova, and İpekyolu.
The GABB (the Union of South-eastern 2. Technical teams have been created
Anatolia Region Municipalities) has among the engineers, architects, and
pursued three research methods for the technicians form the GABB-member
field studies: municipalities. These technical teams,
which averagely consist of 50 members,
1. A common and standard damage conducted field studies in Suriçi, Nusaybin,
assessment survey form has been created Silvan, Derik.
in the meetings with Diyarbakir, Mardin, 3. For a number of districts which were
and Van Province Coordination affected by the clashes (Şemdinli,
Committees of the TMMOB (the Union of Yüksekova, Lice, Varto, Beytüşşebap),
Chambers of Turkish Engineers and damage assessment reports that had been
Architects) (see. Appendix 1). This form prepared by the district municipalities
was used during the field visits (in Suriçi, with their own capacities or with the help
Nusaybin, Cizre, Dargeçit, Dicle and of neighbouring municipalities were
Bismil). requested and archived.
6
The clashes did not take place
simultaneously in the districts. In certain
places (e.g., Nusaybin, Suriçi), clashes as
well as curfews took place for more than
once. Therefore, this report covers the
time period from August to December
2015.
1
See. Appendix 2, Link:
https://www.dropbox.com/sh/67i09z5xaujazm5/AABPRj
0a7CISmo2c4Rjil8P9a?dl=0
http://www.archi-urgent.com/pdf/pages/actus/turquie-
2015/2015_11_05_CP_Turquie.pdf
7
2. PHYSICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES
- 26 houses
a) TMMOB Mardin Province branches - 9 workplaces
and Mardin Metropolitan - 1 public building
Municipality initiated a damage
8
It was found that 15 houses and
workplaces were damaged with
heavy weapons.
It was found that facades and walls
of the 25 buildings, including
houses, were damaged, either
cracked or partially destroyed, by
both heavy and light weapons.
It was found that a house was
completely destroyed and 3 houses
were ‘heavily damaged’.
It was found that most of the
damage happened in Bahçebaşı
neighbourhood, which included:
- 2 air conditioners
- 2 water storage tanks
- It is important to note that walls
of 25 buildings were intentionally
targeted and exposed to heavy
shooting.
9
between October 1 and 6 as well
as October 9 and 10, 2015.
According to 2014 Address Based
With the 9-day long “curfew,”
Population Registration System:
around 100 different buildings had
District Population: 116.068 (Villages bullet holes in their walls. The
included) targeted buildings were primarily
residential and commercial
Population directly affected by the buildings, but also included public
clashes: institutions, schools, and barns.
Fırat, Dicle, Yenişehir, Abdulkadir Paşa The targeted buildings were listed
neighbourhoods, total population as:
33922 - 55 houses
- 27 workplaces
- 4 public buildings
- 1 school
a) TMMOB Mardin Province branches 1 barn it was found that 18 houses
and Mardin Metropolitan and workplaces were damaged
Municipality initiated a damage with heavy weapons.
assessment study on the damage It was found that facades and walls
that was caused by the martial rule of the 22 buildings, including
conditions that followed the two houses, were damaged, either
“curfews” declared by Mardin cracked or partially destroyed, by
Governorship in Nusaybin district both heavy and light weapons.
10
It was found that 3 houses were were moderately damaged, and 4
completely destroyed and 8 houses houses were heavily damaged.
were ‘heavily damaged’. A funeral home (taziye evi) and a
It was found that most of the Community Center (Halk Evi) were
power distribution units of Dicle also damaged. It was found that
EDAŞ, the electricity distribution the power distribution units were
company, were destroyed and intentionally targeted and
became unserviceable in Fırat destroyed. Due to the lack of
neighbourhood. security, damage assessment
It was found that most of the inspection on public building (e.g.,
damage happened in Fırat schools, etc.) could not be
neighbourhood conducted.
, which included: Additionally, it was found that the
private property in residents’
- 11 air conditioners houses and workplaces, namely
- 2 water storage tanks
cars, household goods, air
- It is important to note that walls
of 22 buildings were intentionally conditioners, and other kinds of
targeted and exposed to heavy goods and food (e.g., meat, etc.)
shooting. were severely damaged. The
detailed information on those
b) Following the clashes that took damages was recorded.
place during the curfew declared between
November 13 and 27, 2015 in Nusaybin, a c) Between November 29 and
technical team of 40 members from December 3, the curfew was
Diyarbakir Metropolitan Municipality, declared for the fourth time in
Mardin Metropolitan Municipality, Nusaybin. Damage assessment
Nusaybin Municipality, and the GABBB inspection could not be conducted
visited Nusaybin and conducted a second following the curfew.
damage assessment study in Dicle, Fırat,
Yenişehir and Abdulkadir Paşa d) Between December 6 and 9, the
neighbourhoods. The findings of the study curfew was declared for the fifth
are expressed below: time in Nusaybin. Damage
assessment inspection could not
In total, 149 workplaces were be conducted following the curfew.
damaged. 136 of those workplaces
were slightly damaged and 13 e) Between December 14 and 24, the
workplaces were moderately curfew was declared for the sixth
damaged. and seventh times in Nusaybin.
In total, 357 houses were Damage assessment inspection
damaged. 324 of those houses could not be conducted following
were slightly damaged, 29 houses the curfew.
11
III. MARDİN – DERİK (Survey conducted on December 4)
12
A funeral home (taziye evi) was
slightly damaged. Due to the lack
of security, damage assessment
inspection on public building (e.g.,
schools, etc.) could not be
conducted.
Additionally, it was found that the
private property in residents’
houses and workplaces, namely
cars, household goods, air
conditioners, and other kinds of
goods and food (e.g., meat, etc.)
were severely damaged. The
detailed information on those
damages was recorded.
13
IV. DİYARBAKIR - SİLVAN (Survey conducted on November 16, 17, and 18)
This photograph was taken in Silvan. It shows a Turkish flag drawn on a wall and a graffitti, which
reads in Turkish “How happy is the one who says I am Turkish” written by the poliçe special forces.
During the curfews declared in Silvan, Cizre, and Sur, similar racist graffities (e.g., “You will face the
Power of the Turk”, “If you are a Turk, be proud of, if not obey,” “Fear! The Wolf had the taste of
blood in its teeth,” etc.) were written on the walls of various buildings. The PÖH, which was written
on the door, stands for Police Special Operation department (Polis Özel Harekat).
14
were slightly damaged, 40
workplaces were moderately
damaged, and 8 workplaces were
heavily damaged.
In total, 552 houses were
damaged. 396 of those houses
were slightly damaged, 112 houses
were moderately damaged, and 44
houses were heavily damaged.
In total, 4 public buildings were
damaged. One of those public
buildings was slightly damaged, 2
public buildings were moderately
damaged, and the other public
building was heavily damaged.
Additionally, it was found that the
private property in residents’
houses and workplaces, namely
cars, household goods, air
conditioners, satellite dishes, etc.
were severely damaged. Those
damages were recorded.
15
V. DİYARBAKIR – SUR (A study conducted by TMMOB (UCTEA – Union of Chambers of
Turkish Engineers and Architects) in October)
In this photograph taken in Sur neighbourhood, the graffiti in the lower right quadrant reads: “You
will see the Power of the Turk”. The crescent and the star symbolizes the Turkish flag and the graffiti
on the upper left quadrant reads as: “Allah is worth it all, Esedullah Team2”
2
There is evidence that Esedullah Team was founded one year ago as a branch of ISIS in Syria. Yet, the
government has made no commentary on how a branch of ISIS wanders around the streets of Sur during a
curfew and how they make these graffitis. The local people have given public testimonies which appeared in the
press as to how there were men with long beards speaking in Arabic and acting in concert with the Special
Forces.
16
According to 2014 Address Based destroyed. It was observed that
Population Registration System: the outdoor units of air-
conditioners have been targeted
District Population: 121.750 (Villages
and shot with bullets.
included)
Cars have been damaged. The
Population directly affected by the overall cost of reparation of the
clashes: damage, calculated based on the
unit prices declared by the Ministry
Cevatpaşa, Fatihpaşa, Dabanoğlu, of Environment and Urbanization
Hasırlı,Cemal Yılmaz, Savaş in 2015 for the damaged buildings
neighbourhoods, and based on the market prices for
the appliances damaged in
total population
households and workplaces,
26084 amount to approximately
1.305.799,64 TL.
17
curfew is declared, yet which have
been affected by the armed
conflict, 250 families had to leave
their homes.
18
VI. DİYARBAKIR – BİSMİL (Survey conducted by TMMOB (UCTEA – Union of Chambers of
Turkish Engineers and Architects) in October)
11698
19
VII. DİYARBAKIR – LİCE
According to 2014 Address Based The clashes have escalated in the Lice
Population Registration System: district of Diyarbakir at the end of July-
beginning of August. Forests have burnt
District Population: 26.427 (Villages
due to the attacks such as mortars and
included)
missiles fired by the Turkish Army. Two
Population directly affected by the houses have been damaged by the
clashes: mortars fired in the district centre and
these have been reported by the Lice
Only two households in the rural and municipality.
urban areas
20
VIII. DİYARBAKIR-DİCLE (Survey conducted by TMMOB (UCTEA – Union of
Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects) in October)
21
IX. HAKKARI - YUKSEKOVA
23
XI. ŞIRNAK - CİZRE (Survey conducted by the TMMOB (UCTEA – Union of
Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects) in September 2015)
24
- 2 schools (January 10, 2016, the day when the
report was written).
- 5 mosques
According to the information given by the
- 2 barns
State authorities through the press, 14
- 27 vehicles Generals, 26 Colonels and 15 thousand
soldiers were deployed only to the
• 132 residential and commercial units province of Şırnak. Some of them were
were destroyed by heavy weapons. transmitted to the Cizre district and some
to the Silopi district. As in the Sur district,
• 9 of them were burned, and 46
they have entered the city with tanks,
residences were identified as ‘severely
artillery and heavy weapons.
damaged’.
25
XII. ŞIRNAK - SİLOPİ
26
XIII. ŞIRNAK - BEYTÜŞŞEBAP
27
XIV. MUŞ - VARTO
28
By January 10, 2016 Total Populatio Buildings affected by the clashes What happened after the Damage Assessment Survey
Populatio n affected
n by the
(Villages clashes
included)
Dargeçit / Mardin 28.891 15355 26 houses + 9 workplaces + 1 public More intense clashes took place after the damage assessment
building (by October 28, 2015) survey conducted. On December 29, 2015, the curfew was lifted.
Clashes still continue from place to place.
Nusaybin / Mardin 116.068 33922 55 houses + 27 workplaces + 5 public More intense clashes took place after the damage assessment
buildings (by November 28, 2015) survey conducted. Clashes still continue. According to the Ministry
of Interior Affairs, 20 thousand people have migrated by January
10, 2016.
Derik / Mardin 61.320 14280 172 houses + 56 workplaces (by More intense clashes took place after the damage assessment
December 4, 2015) survey conducted. Later clashes stopped.
Silvan / Diyarbakir 86.633 14345 552 houses + 105 workplaces + 4 public More intense clashes took place after the damage assessment
building (by November 18, 2015) survey conducted. Later clashes stopped.
Sur / Diyarbakir 121.750 26084 706 houses and workplaces (by More intense clashes took place after the damage assessment
October) survey conducted. Clashes still continue. According to the Ministry
of Interior Affairs, 18 thousand people have migrated by January
10, 2016.
Bismil / Diyarbakir 112.461 11698 41 houses and workplaces (by October) No clashes took place after the damage assessment survey.
Lice / Diyarbakir 26.427 26.427 Forest areas in the rural areas, 2 houses No clashes took place after the damage assessment survey.
in the villages and town center
Dicle/Diyarbakir 40.033 518 22 houses and workplaces (by October) No clashes took place after the damage assessment survey.
29
Yüksekova / Hakkari 68757 11990 20 houses + 2 workplaces (by November More intense clashes took place after the damage assessment
24, 2015) survey conducted. Clashes still continue.
Şemdinli / Hakkari 15.739 15.739 42 houses + 122 workplaces + 4 public No clashes took place after the damage assessment survey.
buildings
Cizre / Şırnak 112.973 67.162 652 houses + 208 workplaces + 9 public More intense clashes took place after the damage assessment
buildings (by October) survey conducted. Clashes still continue. According to the Ministry
of Interior Affairs, 25 thousand people have migrated by January
10, 2016.
Silopi / Şırnak 87.839 43.670 45 houses and workplaces (by More intense clashes took place after the damage assessment
November 3, 2015) survey conducted. Clashes still continue. According to the Ministry
of Interior Affairs, 30 thousand people have migrated by January
10, 2016.
Beytüşşebap / 5263 5263 24 houses and workplaces (by October) No clashes took place after the damage assessment survey.
Şırnak
Varto / Muş 10.241 10.241 91 houses and workplaces (by October) No clashes took place after the damage assessment survey.
30
3. PROBLEMS EXPERIENCED BY MUNICIPALITIES
31
Municipality, a digger from Dicle and mostly exposed to pepper gas
Municipality, and a digger from attacks. Emine Esmer, co-mayor of
Diyarbakir Water and Sewerage Sliopi Municipality, was detained for
Authority (DISKI) were confiscated going out during the curfew. Co-
by the prosecution office. Vehicles mayors could not enter the regions
of the Silvan and Dicle Municipalities under the curfews and could not
were forced to be kept in the district communicate with the local
police garage, under surveillance of populations.
the governorship outside the work
Another problem that the curfews
hours.
have caused was the issue of
Municipalities could not fulfil their migration, which municipalities also
service duties in the needed to deal with. The population
neighbourhoods where curfews who has temporarily or permanently
have been imposed and/or clashes migrated from the regions of clashes
take place. Main duties, such as is around 200,000. These people,
infrastructural services, garbage who were forced to leave their
collection, and continuation of houses without taking their
hygiene and sanitation could not be belongings, became immigrants
conducted. This situation has caused within their own cities. These cities
health problems among the local are already the most
populations, primarily children, underdeveloped cities of the
living in the neighbourhoods where country. This situation of
curfews have been imposed.4 underdevelopment and the fact that
Additionally, it the zones of clashes, these people were already living in
the remnant ammunition has not the conditions of poverty have
been cleaned, and this has created a deteriorated the overall situation.
huge risk, especially for children Right now, municipalities are trying
who may find and play with the to assess the scope of the migration
remnant ammunition. and fulfil the basic needs of these
families through their social services
As elected officials, co-mayors tried
departments. Yet, it would take
to enter the regions where curfews
much longer to fulfil basic needs and
have been imposed. However, co-
provide additional support for tens
mayors and other local officials have
thousands of people whose houses
been obstructed by security forces,
were destroyed and socio-economic
conditions significantly damaged.
4
Istanbul Medical Doctors’ Chamber and the Pecuniary and nonpecuniary scopes
Union of Health and Social Service Workers
published a report about the general health of the damage are too large to
situation in the areas under curfew: assess and predict.
http://www.istabip.org.tr/index.php/haberler/411
3-sokaa-cikma-yasai-olan-boelgelere-yoenelk-acl-
tibb-ve-nsan-yardim-carisi.html
32
A significant aspect of that damage
is the environmental damage.
Military tanks and artilleries entered
the city centers, residential areas
were put artillery fire, forest areas
were hit by artilleries and this
initiated forest fires, animals were
killed during artillery shelling, and
agricultural activities were
suspended in the military security
zones. These events caused a
significant level of damage in the
ecosystem. Thousands hectares of
forest areas in Şemdinli, Dersim and
Lice were burnt. Security forces did
not allow municipalities’ fire
departments as well as other
departments with dozers and
diggers to intervene in and fight
against the fire. In fact,
governorships started to restricting
the use of dozers-diggers. Co-mayor
of Lice Municipality, who had asked
civilians from Diyarbakir to help fire-
fighting efforts in Lice, was arrested
on August 3 under the allegations of
“abetting a terrorist organization.” A
secrecy order was imposed on that
investigation.
33
4. PROBLEMS EXPERIENCED BY WOMEN
c) Women developed physical
disorders and their existing
GABB Directory of Women’s Politics has
sicknesses worsened. Women
carried out a research with the
developed body and head aches.
municipalities’ women’s directories and
There has been an increase in the
women’s counselling centers in
sicknesses of people with asthma,
Beytussebap, Dargecit, Silopi, Cizre, Bismil,
blood pressure, diabetics, slipped
Silvan and Sur to find out the impacts of
discs as these people were not
curfews and clashes on women.
allowed to go hospitals.
d) In this period, so many pregnant
We have obtained these information as a
women had to deliver at home as
result of this research
they could not go to hospital. Most
of these births were preterm,
a) Women living in the conflict areas
although the numbers of women
have developed serious
with preterm births are high, it has
psychological problems. Acute
not been possible to reach the
Stress Disorder,
exact numbers. For example, during
somatization, behavioural disorder,
the high birth numbers in Cizre (11-
adjustment disorder,
12 per day), only 7 births were
major depression,
recorded in hospital during the 9
traumatic stress disorder are some
days of curfew. As the other
ofthe problems intensely developed
women could not go to hospital,
by women. Women reported that
the number of miscarriages is not
they could not sleep in their homes
known. Furthermore, more than
and always feel panic and fear.
300 women in Yuksekova and
Semdinli have miscarriages.
b) During the curfews the ambulances
According to the reports of Hakkari-
were not allowed to enter
Yuksekova State Hospital, 73 cases
neighbourhoods. And that
of Missed Abartuz, 97 cases of
restricted women’s ability to go to
Abartus Immines, 76 Miscarriages,
hospitals. In some rare cases,
28 cases of Incomplete Abortus, 10
women took the risk and went
cases of Intrauterine Ex, and 1 case
outside for to go to hospital by
of Fetal Anomaly recorded. It is
carrying White flags.
thought that these miscarriage
cases are related to the panic, fear,
anxiety, stress that is a result of the
conflict. People feel anxious and
angry about the miscarriages as
34
these are occurring in the conflict found out among children in the
areas. research such as sleep disorders,
insomnia, lack of social interaction,
e) There have
withdrawn state, fear of going
been harassment incidents against
outside, anxiety, anxiety disorder.
women and girls. Women’s
Many children faced psychological
psychologies have seriously been
violence during the house raids. The
affected by the conflict. It is also
children who saw police breaking
said that special police forces
the doors of their homes wearing
targeted women’s bodies
face masks, yelling at the household
by threatening them by swearing,
caused psychological problems for
rape, and sexist discourses. For
children. Children who woke up by
example, by saying “we are ISIS, we
hearing the yelling of police and
will rape women. Girls! Scare from
saw armed police in the house
us” During the curfews, women’s
developed psychological problems.
bodies were
targeted psychologically and psychi
cally.
f) It is also reported that, in house
raids police insulted women and
used psychological violence
g) During the curfews, people were
not allowed to meet the need for
food. Bakeries were not allowed to
be open, which is supposed to be
open even under war conditions.
Besides the need for bread,
children’s need for milk and baby
food were not met. Mother has to
give water mixed with water to
their children. Women had to share
food with neighbours and tried to
survive in the days that they
starved for several days.
h) Children have been the most
impacted by the conflict. During the
curfews, children who could not go
to school, stuck at homes
and witnessed the conflict
developed serious psychological
disorders. Some
many psychological disorders were
35
ANNEX
PROVINCE/DISTRICT:
ADDRESS
NAME/SURNAME:
Tenant ….. Property Owner…
ELECRICITY OR WATER SERVICE SUBSCRIPTION NO:
AVERAGE LIVING SPACE: m2 NUMBER OF FLOORS:
BLOCK: PLOT: LAYOUT:
DATE OF DAMAGE:
BUILDING KIND
MUD-BRICK COMPOSITE STRUCTURE REINFORCED CONCRETE HISTORICAL
BUILDING USE
RESIDENTIAL WORKPLACE PUBLIC BLDG SCHOOL OTHER (Explain)
GENERAL DAMAGE LEVEL
SLIGHTLY DAMAGED MODERATELY DAMAGED HEAVILY DAMAGED DESTROYED
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
36