SREENIDHI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Yamnampet, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad-501 301

COURSE FILE

FOR

ELEMENTS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

B.Tech—IIYear

I SEMESTER

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

2018-19
 Syllabus for B. Tech. II Year I semester

Code: 6BC04 ELEMENTS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

(Common to All Branches Except Mechanical Engineering)
L T P/D C
3 2 -- 3
At the end of basic mechanical engineering a student should be able to

1. To acquire the knowledge of basic concepts of thermodynamics and analyze the

p-v & t-s diagrams of the different cycles.

2. To identify & understand the function of components used in the steam power
plant & gas power plant, & how the power generation takes place in steam and
gas power plant.

3. To identify & understand the function of components used in VCR & VAR
system, & working principle of VCR & VAR.

4. To acquire the knowledge about the working of hydraulic pumps & hydraulic
turbines.

5. To acquire the knowledge to identify the different casting methods and welding
methods and their applications.

6. To acquire the knowledge to identify the different machine tools and their
construction.

UNIT - I
Thermodynamics: Basic concepts of Thermodynamics, Property of gases, Zeroth
Law.First Law of Thermodynamics and its applications, Second Law of
Thermodynamics, PMM1,PMM2,Carnot cycle, Air standard cycles – Otto, Diesel
Cycles.

Internal combustion engines: Internal combustion engines, definition,

classification, components, working of two-stroke, four stroke cycle engines, SI and
CI Engines, Performance parameters, Need for cooling and lubrication of IC
engines, classifications
UNIT-II
a) Steam Power plant, Boiler, Steam Turbines: Layout of steam power plant,
Water tube and Fire tube Boilers :- “Cochran”, Babcock and Wilcox Boiler and
High Pressure Boilers. (Benson & La-mount only).
b) Steam turbines:-Classifications, Impulse & Reaction Turbines, compounding of
steam turbines
c) Gas turbine-power plants :- Closed & Open cycle types, Methods to improve
the efficiency of open cycle gas turbines
UNIT- III
a) Hydraulic pumps & turbines:- Reciprocating Pump ,Centrifugal Pumps, Pelton
wheel, Francis turbine and Kaplan Turbine -- Layout of Hydro electric power
plant
b) Refrigeration & Air conditioning systems:- Basic concepts of refrigeration and
airconditioning, Description of Vapour Compression and Vapour Absorption
systems, Summer and winter type air Conditioning.
UNIT-IV
Manufacturing Processes:
Foundry Practice:- Patterns, Moulding and Moulding materials, casting methods-Sand Casting,
Shell mould Casting, Investment Casting, Die Casting ,Centrifugal casting –
Principle and Application of these processes, Casting defects.
Welding:- Types of Welding- Electric Arc welding - Coated electrode, TIG welding
& MIG welding, Gas welding and cutting, Resistance welding- Spot welding,
Soldering and Brazing .
UNIT-V
Mechanical working :- Hot and Cold working, Rolling- Rolling products,
Types of Rolling mills, Forging-operations, forging methods, Extrusion-methods, Metal
Spinning and Wire Drawing
Press working operations:-Cutting, Bending, Drawing and Squeezing

UNIT-VI
Machine tools: Basic concepts of machine tool, Construction of lathe, shaper, drilling,
milling, grinding and CNC machine tools-Advantages, vertical & horizontal spindles.

TEXT BOOKS :

Mathur, M.L., Mehta, F.S. and Tiwari, R.P., Elements of Mechanical Engineering, Jain Brothers,
New Delhi, 2005.
R.K. Rajput, “Elements of Mechanical Engineering”, Laxmi Publications, 1994.

REFERENCES :

P.N.Gupta, M.P. Poonia, “Elements of Mechanical Engineering”, Standard Publishers Distributors

Nai Sarak, Delhi.

R.C.Gupta, “Mechanical Engineering”, Khanna Publishers, Delhi.

TEXT BOOKS :

1. Mathur, M.L., Mehta, F.S. and Tiwari, R.P., Elements of Mechanical Engineering, Jain Brothers, New Delhi,
2005.

2. R.K. Rajput, “Elements of Mechanical Engineering”, Laxmi Publications, 1994.

REFERENCES :

1. P.N.Gupta, M.P. Poonia, “Elements of Mechanical Engineering”, Standard Publishers Distributors Nai Sarak,
Delhi.

e
2. R.C.Gupta, “Mechanical Engineering”, Khanna Publishers, Delhi.
 ELEMENTS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After the completion of UNIT-I the student must be

 Able to know I law & II law of thermodynamics

 Able to draw P-V & T-S diagram & identifying different process
 Able to know difference between four stroke & two stroke engine
 Able to know difference between petrol engine & diesel engine
 Able to know importance of lubrication & cooling system to the IC engine

After the completion of UNIT-II the student must be

 Able to know, difference between fire tube boilers & water tube boilers
 Able to know working of different water tube & fire tube boilers
 Able to know, understanding the working of steam power plant
 Able to know difference between impulse & reaction turbines
 Able to know difference between open cycle & closed cycle gas turbine
 Able to know, what are the methods to improve the performance of open cycle
gas turbine?

After the completion of UNIT-III the student must be

 Able to know working of vapour compression refrigeration

 Able to know working of vapour absorption refrigeration
 Able to know working of domestic refrigerator
 Able to know working of summer air conditioner & winter air conditioner
 Able to know working of reciprocating pump
 Able to know working of centrifugal pump
 Able to know difference between reciprocating & centrifugal pump
 Able to know how the power generation takes place in hydro electric power plant
 Able to know working of hydraulic turbines( Pelton wheel, Francis turbine &
Kaplan turbine)


After the completion of UNIT-IV the student must be

 Able to know difference welding process & their importance
 Able to know difference between welding, brazing & soldering
 Able to know, the process of arc welding, gas welding
 Able to know the applications of different welding processes


After the completion of UNIT-V the student must be

 Able to know casting methods & its applications
  Able to know difference between hot working & cold working processes.
 Able to know different methods for press forging

After the completion of UNIT-VI the student must be

 Able to know importance of machine tools
 Able to know operation of grinding, lathe, drilling, milling machines.

PROGRAM OUTCOMES

At the end of basic mechanical engineering a student should be able to

7. To acquire the knowledge of basic concepts of thermodynamics and analyze the

p-v & t-s diagrams of the different cycles.

8. To identify & understand the function of components used in the steam power
plant & gas power plant, & how the power generation takes place in steam and
gas power plant.

9. To identify & understand the function of components used in VCR & VAR
system, & working principle of VCR & VAR.

10. To acquire the knowledge about the working of hydraulic pumps & hydraulic
turbines.

11. To acquire the knowledge to identify the different casting methods and welding
methods and their applications.

12. To acquire the knowledge to identify the different machine tools and their
construction.

Mapping:

Program Program out comes

objective A B C D E F G H I J K
s
I X X X X X X
II X X X X
III X X X X X X
IV X X X X
 V X X X X X

Unit No. No. of Proposed topics to be covered

Periods
required

I 1 Introduction to basics of mechanical engineering.

4 Basic concepts of thermodynamics

3 Definition of Work and heat, First law of thermodynamics.

1 Second law of thermodynamics

2 Carnot cycle, Otto cycle, diesel cycle

1 Introduction of IC engines

2 Working of two stroke and four stroke cycle engines

2 Performance parameters, cooling and lubrication.

II 1 Introduction of boilers

2 Working of various types of boilers.

1 Introduction to steam power plant

2 Rankine cycle with reheat and regenerative

2 Description of impulse and reaction turbine

2 compounding

1 Introduction of gas turbines

2 Closed and open cycle types, methods to improve performance of open

cycle plant.

III 1 Introduction to refrigeration

3 Schematic and description of vapour compression refrigeration and

vapour absorption systems.

2 Domestic Refrigerator, Summer and winter air conditioning systems.

2 Reciprocating and centrifugal pumps and their applications.

COURSE DETAILED SCHEDULE

Unit No. No. of Proposed topics to be covered

Periods
required
3 Layout of Hydro-electric power plant, Classification of hydraulic
turbines,
4 Description and principle of operation of Pelton wheel and Francis
turbine (without velocity triangles), Axial flow reaction turbine.

IV 4 Casting methods and their characteristics

2 Advantages, limitations and applications of casting methods

3 Types of welding - arc welding, gas welding

2 Gas cutting, resistance welding

1 Soldering and brazing

V 3 Rolling, Extrusion, Forging and their characteristics, advantages,

limitations and applications.
2 Press working operations and their characteristics, advantages,
limitations and applications.

VI 1 Principles of working of different types of machine tools

Cutting, bending
2 lathe, shaper

3 drilling, milling, grinding

2 NC Machines.

60
 UNIT - I
THERMODYNAMICS AND INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
Short Questions
1. What is a Thermodynamic system?
2. What is the difference between a closed system and an open system?
3. What is the difference between intensive and extensive properties?
4. State Zeroth law of thermodynamics?
5. State the first law of Thermodynamic and which is the property introduced by the
First law?
6. State thermodynamic definition of work?
7. Name some properties, which are relevant in thermodynamics?
8. What is a thermal energy reservoir?
9. Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of
Thermodynamics?
10. Give Clausius statement of the second law?
11. Explain the terms source and sink.
12. Define the coefficient of performance of refrigeration in words. Can it be
greater than unity.
13. Define the cop of a heat pump in words. Can it be greater than Unity?
14. What is a cyclic process?
15. What is a quasi-equilibrium process?
16. Can mass cross the boundaries of a closed system? How about energy?
17. Explain the difference between macroscopic and microscopic approach in
Thermodynamics?
18. What is -the difference between quasi-static process and reversible process?
19. What is -the difference between quasi-static process and reversible process?
20. How do we classify a process is reversible or irreversible?
21. State the condition for thermal equilibrium between two given systems.

22. Give classification of I.C. engines

23. Compare the relative advantages and disadvantages of four-stroke and two stroke
engines.

24. In what respect four-stroke cycle CI engine differ from that of an SI engine.

25. Compare the relative advantages and disadvantages of four-stroke and two
- stroke engines.
26. What are the functions of a lubricating system?

Essay Questions

1. What are the four processes that make up the Carnot cycle?
2. What are the four processes that make up the reversed Carnot cycle?
3. What are the limitations of the first law?
4. Derive an expression for the efficiency of Otto cycle
5. Derive an expression for the efficiency of Diesel cycle with four processes.
6. Mention various assumptions made in Air-standard cycle analysis.
7. Explain the working principle of 4-stroke S.I engine with neat sketch.
8. Explain the working principle of 4-stroke C.I engine with neat sketch.
9. What are the various components to be lubricated in an engine and explain how it
is accomplished?
10. Explain different parameters to be estimated for the evaluation of performance of
I.C. Engine.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. Which of the following is an extensive property of a system?

a Volume, internal energy b molar heat capacity
c pressure d concentration
2. First law of thermodynamics deals with…………………
3. For an isothermal process, the internal energy of a gas………………
4. Entropy is a measure of ………….. of a system
5. Second law of thermodynamics is concerned with
a amount of energy transferred b. direction of energy transfer
c irreversible processes only d. noncyclic processes only
5. The minimum number of phases that can exist in a system is
a. 0 b.1 c. 2 d. 3
6. Which is a state function?
a. Specific Volume b. Work c. Pressure d. Temperature
7. Which of the following is not a path function?
a. Density b. Work c. Pressure d. All of the above
8. For an Isothermal process, internal energy of a gas
a. increases b. decreases c. remains unchanged d. none of the above

9. Supercharging of an I.C engine decreases the

a. efficiency b. power output c. weight for a given power output
d. none of the above
10. Petrol engines are governed by ……………….. governing
11. Diesel engines are governed by …………….. governing.
12. Super charging of an I.C engine means supplying
a. forced cooling air b. more fuel for raising more load
c. higher density intake air d. compressed air for flue gas removal
13. Which is not a component of diesel engine?
a. Governor b. Distributor c. Flywheel d. Fuel Injector
UNIT – II
STEAM GENERATORS, STEAM TURBINES, GAS TURBINES
SHORT QUESTIONS

1. Define ‘a boiler’ and ‘a steam generating unit’.

2. State the uses of steam produced by the boilers.
3. List the primary requirements of steam generators.
4. How are boilers classified?
5. Why are steam turbines preferred over steam engines for power generation?
6. Why steam turbines are compounded?
7. What do you mean by the term ‘gas turbine’? How are gas turbines classified?
8. Enumerate the various uses of gas turbines.

ESSAY QUESTIONS

1. Give the comparison between ‘Fire-tube and water-tube’ boilers.

2. State the differences between the following boilers:
I. Externally fired and internally.
II. High pressure and low pressure.
III. Single tube and multi-tube.
3. Enumerate the factors which should be considered while selecting a boiler.
4. What are the essentials of a good steam boiler?
5. Explain the following boiler terms:
Shell, setting, grate, furnace, water space and steam space, mountings,
accessories, water level, foaming, scale, blowing off, lagging, refractory.
6. Explain with the help of neat diagrams of following fire-tube boilers:
(i) Simple vertical boiler (ii) Cochran boiler (iii) Lancashire boiler.
7. Give the construction and working of the following water tube boilers:
(i) Babcock and Wilcox boiler (ii) Locomotive boiler.
8. Explain the unique features of the high pressure boilers.
9. List the advantages of high pressure boilers.
10. Explain with neat sketches the construction and working of the following high
pressure boilers: (i) Benson boiler (ii) La-mount boiler.
11. What do you understand by ‘compounding of steam turbines?
12. Enumerate the various energy losses in a steam turbine. Describe the clearance
losses for impulse and Reaction turbines. Explain with sketches.
13. What is a energy loss in a Steam Turbine? What is the difference between the
clearance losses for Impulse and Reaction turbines? Explain with sketches.
14. What is compounding of a steam turbine? Draw a neat sketch of pressure
compounded impulse turbine, showing blade arrangement and pressure, velocity
and specific volume variation.
15. Describe with neat sketches the working of a simple constant pressure open cycle
gas turbine.
16. Discuss briefly the methods employed for improvement of thermal efficiency of
open cycle gas turbine plant.
17. Describe with neat diagram a closed cycle gas turbine. State also its merits and
demerits.

OBJECTIVE TYPE
1. A boiler equipped with an economizer compared to a similar boiler without
economizer has …..………. steam generation capacity.
2. Lancashire boiler is an …………….. boiler.
3. Function of drum in a steam boiler is to ………………
4. Function of feed check valve in a boiler is to ……………….
5. Function of blow down valve in a boiler is to……………….
6. The steam pressure after passing through the re heater in an actual
turbine…………..
7. In ……………… turbine the steam is expanded in nozzles and there is no fall in
pressure as the steam passes over the rotor blades.
8. In ………………. Turbine, the expansion of steam takes place as it passes
through the moving blades on the rotor as well as through the guides fixed to the
casing.
9. Which is not an impulse turbine?
a. Curtis turbine b. De- Lavel Turbine
c. Rateau Turbine d. Parson’s Turbine
10. Which is not a reaction turbine?
a. Ljungstorm Turbine b. Multistage Curtis Turbine
c. Parson’s Turbine d. None of the above
 UNIT III

REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

SHORT QUESTIONS

1. Define unit of refrigeration in ton of refrigeration?

2. Why do air craft needs cooling?
3. What is the difference between heat engine and heat pump and refrigerator?
4. What is the function of the following components in an absorption system?
Absorber b) rectifier c) analyzer d) heat exchanger
5. What do you understand by air conditioning?
6. Show with neat sketch reverse Carnot cycles applicable to refrigeration?
7. What is the difference between ideal and real cycle?

ESSAY QUESTIONS

1. Explain principle and working of vapour compression refrigeration with the help
of T-S and P-H charts?
2. Draw a neat sketch of a practical vapour absorption system? And explain?
3. Discuss the advantages of a vapour absorption refrigeration system over
compression refrigeration system?
4. Explain the domestic refrigeration system.
5. Explain the summer air–conditioning and winter air conditioning systems?

Multiple choice questions

1. One Tonne of Refrigeration is equal to [ ]

a) 21 kJ/min b) 210 kJ/min
c) 420 kJ/min c) 620 kJ/min

2. One Tonne Refrigeration Machines Means that [ ]

a) One Tonne is the total mass of the machine
b) One Tonne of Refrigerant is used
c) One Tonne of ice when melts from and at 0oC in 24 hours. The
Refrigeration effect produced is equivalent to 210 KJ/min.

3. The C.O.P. is always ………………….. one [ ]

a) Equal to b) Less than c) greater than
4. The ratio of heat extracted in the Refrigerator to the work done on the Refrigerant
is called [ ]
a) Coefficient of performance of Refrigeration
b) Coefficient of performance of heat pump
c) Refrigerating efficiency

6. Air Refrigeration cycle is used in [ ]

a) Commercial Refrigeration b) Domestic Refrigeration
c) Air-conditioning d) Aircrafts

9) In air-conditioning of aero planes, using air as a Refrigerant, the cycle used is

[
]
a) Reversed Carnot cycle b) reversed Joule cycle
c) Reversed Brayton cycle d) reversed Otto cycle

11) The water, alcohol and ammonia have ………….. refrigerating effects at different
altitudes.
a) Same b) Different [ ]

14) A simple cooling system has evaporator [ ]

a) True b) False

15) The reduced ambient air cooling system is used for very ………. Speed air crafts.

a) low b) high [ ]

16) Write a formulae of C.O.P. of the heat pump…………………………….

17) Write a formulae of C.O.P. of the Refrigerator ………………………….

18) The coefficient of performance of vapour compression refrigeration system is

quite …….. compared to air refrigeration system.
[ ]
a) low b) high

19) During a refrigeration cycle, heat is rejected by the refrigerant in a [ ]

a) Compressor b) condenser c) evaporator d) expansion valve

20). The highest temperature during the cycle, in a vapour compression refrigeration
system, occurs after [ ]
a) Compression b) condensation
c) expansion d) evaporation
23. The refrigerant absorbs latent heat of evaporation from: [ ]
(a) water surrounding the condenser
(b) space or products to be cooled
(c) compressor
(d) atmosphere

24. C.O.P. of a refrigerator may be increased if a sub cooler is brought in the cycle
(a) before compressor (b) before condenser [ ]
(c) after the condenser (d) after the expansion valve

25. For the same operating temperature limits COP of a heat pump equals:[ ]
(a) COP of a refrigerator (b) 1 + COP of a refrigerator
(c) COP of a refrigerator - 1 (d) none

26. Capacity of a domestic refrigerator is expressed in terms of : [ ]

(a) C.O.P (b) weight of refrigerator
(c) EPR (d) volume of space inside

27. Throttling operation occurs in: [ ]

(a) evaporator (b) expansion valve
(c) condenser (d) receiver tank

28. The complete air conditioning implies: [ ]

(a) control of temperature
(b) control of humidity
(c) cleaning, purifying, deodorizing air and controlling its motion
(d) all of them
 Hydraulic pumps and turbines
Short questions

1. What is the function of nozzle?

2. What is the purpose of priming?
3. Define hydraulic pump?
4. What are the types of hydraulic pumps?
5. What are the differences between turbine and pump?

Essay questions

1. What is the difference between reciprocating and centrifugal pumps?

2. Describe the reciprocating pump with the help of neat sketch?
3. Describe the centrifugal pump with the help of neat sketch?
4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of reciprocating and centrifugal
pumps?
5. With the help of neat sketch explain briefly hydroelectric power plant?
6. What is the difference between impulse turbine and reaction turbine?
7. With the help of neat sketch explain pelton wheel turbine?
8. With the help of neat sketch explain Francis reaction turbine?
9. With the help of neat sketch explain Kaplan’s reaction turbine?

OBJECTIVE

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. A turbine is called impulse if at the inlet of the turbine ______________

2. A turbine is called reaction if at the inlet of the turbine ______________
3. The discharge through a single reciprocating pump is _______________
4. Draft tube is used for discharging water from the exit of _____________
5. Mechanical efficiency of a turbine is the ratio of ___________
6. Cavitations takes place in case of ___________
7. Air vessel in a reciprocating pump is used for ____________

Multiple choice questions

[1] Kaplan turbine is
(a) a high head axial flow turbine (b) a mixed flow turbine
(c) a low head axial flow turbine (d) an impulse turbine

[2] An impulse turbine

(a) always operates submerged (b) make use of a draft tube
(c) Suited for low head installations
(d) Operates by initial complete conversion to kinetic energy

[3] Francis turbine is

(a) an axial flow turbine (b) a reaction turbine
(c) a tangential flow turbine (d) an impulse turbine

[4] Cavitations is caused by

(a) a high velocity (b) low barometric pressure
(c) low pressure (d) high pressure

[5] If hydro plants operate under a head of 100m, it may be classified as

(a) a very high speed plant (b) high head plant
(c) Medium head plant (d) low head plant

[6] The device which adds energy to the fluid is called

(a) Pump (b) turbine
(c) a & b (d) none

[7] Liquid is admitted to the impeller of centrifugal pump in which direction

(a) axial (b) radial
(c) none

[8] In which device rotor is called an impeller

(a) Pump (b) turbine
(c) compressor (d) none

[9] For high head which turbine is used

(a) Pelton wheel (b) Kaplan
(c) Francis (d) none

[10] For medium head which turbine is used

(a) Francis (b) Kaplan
(b) Pelton (d) none
 UNIT IV
Metal casting and welding
Short questions

1. What is pattern?
2. State the functions of riser?
3. Define the various foundry sands?
4. Define welding. Classify various welding processes?
5. List various patterns materials and give their suitability?
6. What is a welding process?
7. Give the list of equipment required for arc welding?
8. What is the difference between brazing and soldering?
9. Sketch the butt, lap, T, corner and edge joints for welding?

Essay questions

1. List the various types of pattern and describe them the help of simple sketches?
2. Why are allowances required on patterns? Discuss the different type of pattern
allowances?
3. List the various casting methods and indicate their applications?
4. Sketch and describe the various hot chamber and cold chamber die casting
methods. Give the merits and limitations of the two processes?
5. List the common casting defects and give their causes.
6. Describe the following mould elements: sprue, pouring basin, sprue well, runner,
gate and riser.
7. What gases are used for welding purpose? Describe in detail the processes of
oxyacetylene welding?
8. Describe the three types of flames used in gas welding and give their respective
fields of applications?
9. Describe the principle of electric arc welding. Sketch and describe the basic metal
arc welding circuit?
10. Describe the process of spot resistance welding?

OBJECTIVE
 FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. Temperature generated in arc welding is of the order of _________ 0C

2. Voltage used for heating in resistance welding is __________ volts
3. Oxygen to acetylene ratio in case of oxidizing flame is __________
4. In arc welding the arc length should be __________
5. The amount of heat generated in the work piece in resistance welding depends on
the _________________
6. Cope in foundry flask refers to _________
7. The following pattern should be used for large castings _____________
8. The tool used for pressing and setting the moulding sand in the flask is ________
9. The property of moulding sand which resist high temperature is ____________
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. A draw spike is used in

(a) Foundry (b) Cold forging
(c) Hot forging (d) Fitting
2. The flask used in sand casting has three parts; the middle part is called
(a) Cheek (b) Cope
(c) Drag (d) Snap
3. The ability of sand particles to stick together is known as
(a) Plasticity (b) Porosity
(c) Cohesiveness (d) Adhesiveness
4. The ability of sand particles to stick other materials is known as
(a) Plasticity (b) Porosity
(c) Cohesiveness (d) Adhesiveness
5. The tool used for lifting the pattern from mould is
(a) Lifter (b) Vent wire
(c) Draw spike (d) Adhesiveness
6. In metal arc welding the electrode is
(a) Non-consumable (b) consumable
(c) Both (d) None of these
7. During arc welding, eyes need to be protected against
(a) Intense glare (b) High frequency waves
(c) Infrared rays (d) infrared and ultra-violet rays
8 For most gas welding operations the following flame is used for
(a) Oxidizing flame (b) Neutral flame
(c) Reducing flame (d) None of these
9The oxy-acetylene flame has a temperature of
(a) 15000 C (b) 20000 C
(c) 26000 C (d) 32000C

10 Flux used in soldering

(a) Plasticity (b) Porosity
(c) Cohesiveness (d) Adhesiveness
 UNIT V &VI

MECHANICAL WORKING OF METALS AND MACHINE TOOLS

Short questions

1) Differentiate between cold and hot working of metals?

2) Describe the following (i) rolling, (ii) forging (iii) extrusion (iv) piercing?
3) What is roll forging?
4) List the various types of lathes and describe briefly them?
5) Classify the different type of milling machines?
6) How is shaper specified?
7) What are the constituents of a grinding wheel?
8) What is the difference between drilling, boring, reaming?

Essay questions
1. Describe the methods of drop upset and press forging as done by machines?
2. What is a machine tool? How do special purpose machine tools differ from
standard machine tools?
3. Give a simple and neat sketch of a centre lathe and label its various parts?
4. How drilling machines are classified? Describe the construction and uses of the
following types of drilling machines. (a) Hand drill (b) portable drill, (c) sensitive
drilling machine and (d) radial drilling machine.
5. How are the operations of knurling, drilling, reaming, boring, parting done on
lathes? Briefly explain.
6. Describe the surface grinding operations with the help of sketches?
7. Explain the difference between internal and external centreless grinding?
8. Sketch and describe the operations of horizontal and vertical milling machines

OBJECTIVE

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. Drilling is the operation of __________

2. Reaming is the process of ___________
3. Machining operation in which tool rotates and work stationary _________
4. In a turret lathe turret is mounted on __________
5. The lathe centre located in the tail stock is called _________
6. The back gear in the lathe is used for _________
7. The operation of enlarging a hole through a certain distance is called ________
8. The size of the shaper is specified by __________
9. For holding irregular work pieces which chuck used ________

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. In drilling process metal is removed by

(a) shearing (b) extrusion
(c) both a and b (d) compression
2. The location of the cutters on milling machine is controlled by the
(a) Spacers (b) hole in the cutter
(c) Thickness of the cutter (d) operator
3. In an engine lathe small diameter cylindrical jobs are held on
(a) Mandrel (b) chuck
(c) Lathe dog (d) collet
4. Which of the following machine tools utilize quick return mechanism?
(a) slotter (b) shaper
(c) Planer (d) all
5. In drilling and reaming operations, jigs are used for
(a) holding the work piece (b) holding the tool
(c) guiding the tool (d) both b and c
6. Reaming on a metallic body is done to
(a) true up the hole (b) drill a hole
(c) enlarge the size of predrilled hole (d) enlarge the size of prebored hole
7. In blanking operation angle of shear is provided on
(a) punch (b) die
(c) both a and b (d) nether a nor b