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Steady, Uniform Flow
Design of Erodible Canals
Tractive Force Method
The channel will be stable if shear stresses <
stresses causing channel to move
Critical tractive force of a material – the unit
tractive force which will not cause erosion of
the material on a horizontal surface
Steady, Uniform Flow
Design of Erodible Canals
Tractive Force Method
Relationship between critical tractive force
(τcb) and critical shear stress on the sides (τcs)
sin2 𝜃
𝜏𝑐𝑠 = 𝜏𝑐𝑏 1− 2
sin φ
where: θ – side slope angle
Φ – angle of repose of the soil
Steady Uniform Flow
Design of Erodible Canals
Tractive Force Method
Steady, Uniform Flow
Example 7.7. A trapezoidal irrigation
channel excavated in silty sand having a
critical tractive force on the horizontal of
2.4 N/m2 and angle of friction 30o is to be
designed to convey a discharge of 10 m3/s
on a bed slope of 1:10 000. The side slopes
will be 1 (vertical): 2 (horizontal). n=0.02.
Steady, Uniform Flow
Design of Erodible Canals
Maximum Permissible Velocity Method
The channel will be stable if:
𝑘 1.255ν
𝑉 = − 32𝑔𝑅𝑆𝑜 log +
14.8𝑅 𝑅 32𝑔𝑅𝑆𝑜
𝑘 1.255ν
𝑄 = −𝐴 32𝑔𝑅𝑆𝑜 log +
14.8𝑅 𝑅 32𝑔𝑅𝑆𝑜