!"#$%&'()(*+,'-'.$(/0)1,23!+$4(56(784(36(894(:6(8;<=8>84(?",6@!

)A6(7;B;6(CDDE(;B;7=F9;B 409

!"#$%!&$ #'"($%)%!%)*+,!-.$%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
,$/$%+/%0)"1/)"$%*'2'"$

José Joaquim Pereira Melo*

RESUMO
T( :1':'-H'4( 3'( :1)-)3H)( H)UH'4( )U:'1( $,O"I$-( 1)V)UW)-( $( 1)-:)+H'( !$(
)!"#$%&'( :1':'-H$( :'1( D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'4( H)3!'( )I( 5+-H$( $( M'1I$%&'( !'(
S'I)I(1)Y"+-+H$!'(:),'(#1+-H+$3+-I'4('(S'I)I(-$3H+.#$!'6(E$(:1':'-H$(
!)()!"#$%&'($O'-H+3+$3$4(Y")(M'+(#'3#)0+!$(#'I'("I$(,'3O$()()U$"-H+5$(
#$I+3S$!$( !)( :"1+.#$%&'( I'1$,( )( !)( )U)1#+H$%&'( +3H),)#H"$,4( )--)( +!)$,(
-)( #'3#1)H+A$5$( Z( I)!+!$( Y")( '( [S'I)I( )UH)1+'1\4( I$H)1+$,4( I"HP5),( )(
I'1H$,(#)!+$()-:$%'(:$1$('([S'I)I(+3H)1+'1\4()-:+1+H"$,(+I"HP5),()(+I'1H$,6(
]'3H1$!+H'1+$I)3H)4()I0'1$(M'--)()!"#$H+5'4()--)(:1'#)--'(3&'()1$(!+1+O+!'(
:),'-(S'I)3-4(I$-(:),'(:1K:1+'(G)"-4(:'1(I)+'(!$(C,"I+3$%&'6( I('"H1'-(
H)1I'-4( :$1$( D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'4( G)"-( )1$( '( ^3+#'( I)-H1)Q( '-( :1'M)--'1)-(
3$!$()3-+3$5$I4(-'I)3H)(+3-H+O$5$I('-($,"3'-($(0"-#$1('(#'3S)#+I)3H'6(
--)(I'!),'()!"#$H+5'4(-)O"3!'('()3H)3!+I)3H'($O'-H+3+$3'4(!)-H+3$5$=
-)(ZY"),)-(Y")('"-$5$I()(Y")(3&'(H+3S$I(I)!'(!)(:1'#"1$1($(M),+#+!$!)(
:,)3$4(:'--+0+,+H$!$("3+#$I)3H)(:'1(G)"-6

3!4!25! 6,(!2)7(D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'6( !"#$%&'6(D$3H+.#$%&'6

!8 #5!,#
]"11)3H( 1)-)$1#S( #'I:1+-)-( 1)V)#H+'3-( '3( )!"#$H+'3( :1':'-)!( 0_( DH6(
Augustine on the formation of the type of person foregrounded by
]S1+-H+$3+H_4('1(1$HS)14(HS)(-$3#H+.)!(S"I$3(0)+3O6(X"O"-H+3)`-(:1':'-$,4(
#'3#)+5)!( $-( $( ,'3O( $3!( )US$"-H+5)( ?'"13)_( 'M( I'1$,( :"1+.#$H+'3( $3!(
+3H),,)#H"$,()U)1#+-)-4(!)$,-(a+HS(HS)(-"0-H+H"H+'3('M(HS)(['"H)1(I$3\(a+HS(

*
(G'"H'1()I(J+-HK1+$()(D'#+)!$!)(:),$(/E DL()(:1'M)--'1(!$(/3+5)1-+!$!)( -H$!"$,(
!)(N$1+3OP6( =I$+,Q(??:I),'RS'HI$+,6#'I
410 !"#$%&'()(*+,'-'.$(/0)1,23!+$4(56(784(36(894(:6(8;<=8>84(?",6@!)A6(7;B;6(CDDE(;B;7=F9;B

S+-( I$H)1+$,+H_4( I"H$0+,+H_( $3!( I'1H$,+H_4( 0_( HS)( [+33)1( I$3\( M)$H"1+3O(
-:+1+H"$,4(+II"H$0,)($3!(+II'1H$,(#S$1$#H)1+-H+#-6(X,HS'"OS($3()!"#$H+'3$,(
:1'#)--4(HS)(H1$3-M'1I$H+'3(+-(:$1$!'U+#$,,_($!I+3+-H)1)!(3'H(0_(HS)(S"I$3(
0)+3O(0"H(0_(b'!(HS1'"OS(C,,"I+3$H+'36(X##'1!+3O(H'(X"O"-H+3)4(b'!(+-(HS)(
Sole Teacher and teachers do not teach but merely instigate their students to
seek knowledge. Augustine’s educational model is proper to daring people
aS'($1)(3'H($M1$+!(H'(-))c(M",,(S$::+3)--(aS+#S(+-("3+Y"),_(O+5)3(0_(b'!6(

9):%;$5* 7(DH6(X"O"-H+3)6( !"#$H+'36(D$3#H+.#$H+'36(

O século IV foi o cenário do desabrochar de um novo tempo para

'( :)3-$I)3H'( '#+!)3H$,4( #'11)-:'3!)3!'( $'( I'I)3H'( )I( Y")( $( S+-HK1+$(
do pensamento começou a ser a história do pensar cristão. Com as
+35$-W)-(0P10$1$-(!'(-d#",'(Ce($'(eC()($(Y")!$(!'(CI:d1+'(!'(f#+!)3H)4(
)I(8gF4(1'I:)1$I=-)($-(H1$!+%W)-(#,P--+#$-6(E'()3H$3H'4()--$(1":H"1$(3&'(
M'+($0-',"H$4(?P(Y")4(3'(:)3-$I)3H'(#1+-H&'()(:),'(:)3-$I)3H'(#1+-H&'4($(
$3H+O"+!$!)(#,P--+#$(#S)O'"(Z(S"I$3+!$!)('#+!)3H$,6(
E)--)(:1'#)--'4(D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'(H)5)("I(:$:),(-+O3+.#$H+5'4($(:'3H'(
!)(-)1(#'3-+!)1$!'('(S'I)I(Y")(1):1)-)3H$($(d:'#$(hi jjCEfkkf4(B<FFl6(
O excepcional interesse histórico despertado pelo mestre de Hipona
3&'(-)(M"3!$($:)3$-(3$(+I)3-$(+3V"m3#+$(Y")(),)()U)1#)"(-'01)($(#",H"1$(!'(
I"3!'('#+!)3H$,()(3$(:1'M"3!+!$!)()(5+5$#+!$!)(!'(-)"(:)3-$I)3H'4(Y")(
'(M$A($:1'U+I$1=-)(!'-(O1$3!)-(3'I)-(!$(.,'-'.$4($()U)I:,'(!)(L,$H&'(
)(X1+-HKH),)-4( #'3M)1+3!'=,S)( '( status de um dos maiores pensadores da
S"I$3+!$!)6(G)-:)1H$(+3H)1)--)(H$I0dI('(M$H'(!)(Y")4(#'I(-)"()U)1#n#+'(
1)V)U+5'4(),)(M'+("I(),$0'1$!'1()(-+-H)I$H+A$!'1(!$-(#'3#):%W)-(#",H"1$+-(
)()!"#$#+'3$+-(!'-(#S$I$!'-(-$3H'-(:$!1)-4(#'3-H1"+3!'4($--+I4(-)"(,)O$!'(
:$1$($(C!$!)(Nd!+$6(X(J+-HK1+$(!$( !"#$%&'(3&'(M'+($:)3$-(#'3H)I:,$!$(
#'I( $( M)#"3!+!$!)( )( $( '1+O+3$,+!$!)( !'( -)"( +!)P1+'( :)!$OKO+#'4( I$-(
H$I0dI(#'I(-"$-(Y"$,+!$!)-(!)(educador(o($H+5+!$!)(Y")4(-)O"3!'(-)"-(
0+KO1$M'-4(),)(!)-)I:)3S'"(#'I()U#),m3#+$6(
3H)3!)=-)4( )I( 1$A&'( !+--'4( Y")( 3$( -n3H)-)( !)( -)"( :)3-$I)3H'(
$-( !"$-( !+I)3-W)-( !)( D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'4( !'( )!"#$!'1( )( !'( :)3-$!'1( Y")(
:1'!"A+"("I$(1)V)U&'(-'01)($-(:'--+0+,+!$!)-4($,#$3#)()(-)3H+!'(!$(:1PH+#$(
 !"#$%&'()(*+,'-'.$(/0)1,23!+$4(56(784(36(894(:6(8;<=8>84(?",6@!)A6(7;B;6(CDDE(;B;7=F9;B 411

educativa não podem ser entendidas separadamente.

X( 1)-:)+H'( !$( H)IPH+#$( :)!$OKO+#$( $O'-H+3+$3$4( d( 3)#)--P1+'(
#'3-+!)1$1('(M$H'(!)(),$(-)($#S$1(:",5)1+A$!$(3'(2I0+H'(!)(-"$(5$-H$('01$4(
-)3!'(:'3H"$!$()I($,O"3-(!)(-)"-(-)1IW)-()(#$1H$-()()I(#'I)3HP1+'-(Y")(
M)A( -'01)( '-( H)UH'-( -$O1$!'-6( --)( Y"$!1'( !+.#",H$( $( 1)$,+A$%&'( !)( "I$(
-n3H)-)4( )I0'1$( $,O"I$-( !)( -"$-( 1)V)UW)-4( #'3H+!$-( )I( A ordem( h>9Fl4(
A Doutrina cristã( h><F=87Fl4( A Trindade( h><<=8B<l4( Solilóquios (386-
9gl4( De magistro h>9<l4 !"#$%%&'%( )#%*+,-." /"% 01*'023'#"% (399) e
4'*+1*1-&'%(h87F=87gl4(-)?$I(:1+5+,)O+$!$-(Y"$3H'($'-($-:)#H'-(:1+3#+:$+-(
de sua proposta de formação do homem cristão.
e$,)(#'3-+!)1$1(Y")4(:$1$("I(#'11)H'()3H)3!+I)3H'(!$(#'3#):%&'(
:)!$OKO+#$( !)( D$3H'( XO'-H+3S'4( !)5)=-)( $0'1!$1( 3&'( -'I)3H)( -"$-(
1)V)UW)-( .,'-K.#'=H)',KO+#$-( )( $3H1':',KO+#$-4( I$-( +O"$,I)3H)( 3$( -"$(
)U:)1+m3#+$(:)--'$,(!)(5+!$(hp GfEGfq(jXDLXjXD4(B<<gl6
T( :'--n5),( 1)--$,H$14( )-:)#+$,I)3H)4( -"$( $!)-&'( -"#)--+5$( $'(
I$3+Y")n-I'4( $'( #)H+#+-I'4( $'( 3)':,$H'3+-I'( )( '( M$H'( !)( Y")4( )I( >g>4(
Y"$3!'($+3!$()1$(I"+H'(?'5)I(,)"(Hortensius,(!+P,'O'(!)(]n#)1'(Y")(-)(
perdeu no tempo.
O encontro com o bispo Ambrósio levou-o efetivamente ao
#1+-H+$3+-I'6( I( >9F4( ?P( 3$( #'3!+%&'( !)( #$H)#^I)3'4( !)#,$1'"( Y")( -"$(
#'35)1-&'(+3H)1+'1(-)(!)"($:K-($(,)+H"1$(!)($,O"3-()3-+3$I)3H'-(!)(L$",'(
de Tarso aos romanos (Rm. 13: 8-14).
X(:$1H+1(!)()3H&'(:$--'"($(-)(!)!+#$1($'(Y")(#S$I'"(!)(5,+6$01-."
!'-(-)"-(#'-H"I)-Q($M$-H'"=-)(!'(Y")(Y"$,+.#'"(!)(#'I'!+!$!)-(I"3!$3$-(
)( -)3-"$,+!$!)-( :)#$I+3'-$-( )4( #'I( $( .3$,+!$!)( !)( !+-:'1( !'( H)I:'(
3)#)--P1+'( :$1$( $:1'M"3!$1( -"$-( 1)V)UW)-4( !)-+-H+"( !$( #PH)!1$( I"3+#+:$,(
!)( p)HK1+#$( !)( N+,&'4( '3!)( )3-+3$5$( !)-!)( >986( D)O"3!'( ),)4( )I( "I$(
:1':1+)!$!)( 1"1$,( )I( ]$--+#n$#'4( !)-#$3-'"( [!$-( $3O^-H+$-( !'( -d#",'\( )(
-)(:1):$1'"(:$1$4(3$(LP-#'$(!)(>9g4(1)#)0)1('(0$H+-I'(!$-(I&'-(!'(0+-:'(
Ambrósio. Seu itinerário no cristianismo levou-o a ser aclamado como
bispo de Hipona em 395.
X( ,)+H"1$( !)( ]n#)1'( -),'"( -"$( [!)5'%&'\( Z( .,'-'.$( )( M'+( :'3H'(
!)( :$1H+!$( !)( "I$( ,'3O$4( !)!+#$!$( )( P1!"$( #$I+3S$!$( )I( 0"-#$( !'( Y")(
#'3-+!)1$5$( $( 5)1!$!)4( $:)-$1( !'( 1$#+'3$,+-I'( )( !'( 3$H"1$,+-I'( Y")(
caracterizavam alguns momentos a obra desse pensador. Ao mesmo tempo
412 !"#$%&'()(*+,'-'.$(/0)1,23!+$4(56(784(36(894(:6(8;<=8>84(?",6@!)A6(7;B;6(CDDE(;B;7=F9;B

)I( Y")( )--)-( $-:)#H'-( 1):1)-)3H$5$I( '0-HP#",'-( :$1$( 1)$,+A$%&'( !'( -)"(
+!)$,4(+I:",-+'3$5$I=3'()I(-)"(#$I+3S$1($H'1I)3H$!'6((
f( I$3+Y")n-I'( #'3.1I'"( -"$-( H)3!m3#+$-( :$1$( 0"-#$1( '( [I$"(
#$I+3S'\4($Y"),)(Y")(,)5$5$($'-(:1$A)1)-(-)U"$+-6(G):'+-(!'(1'I:+I)3H'(
sua preocupação foi recorrente nesse assunto.
X'( #)H+#+-I'( ),)( !)5)( $( H)3!m3#+$( !)( !)-#'3.$1( !)( H'!'(
#'3S)#+I)3H'( 1)-:$,!$!'( 3'-( -)3H+!'-( )( 3$( I$Hd1+$4( ?P( Y")4( :$1$( ),)4( $(
concretização da verdadeira fé seria resultado apenas de uma convicção
+3H)1+'14(!)-5+3#",$!$(!)(H'!$()(Y"$,Y")1()U:)1+m3#+$()UH)1+'16
f( 3)':,$H'3+-I'( M'+( '( Y")( I$+-( +3V")3#+'"( '( -)"( :)3-$14(
:'--+0+,+H$3!'=,S)("I$(#'-I','O+$4("I$(5+-&'(!)("3+5)1-'4(:'1(I)+'(!$(
Y"$,( ),)( H)5)( #'3!+%W)-( :$1$( )-H$0),)#)1( $( 1),$%&'( )3H1)( '( )-:+1+H"$,4( '(
)H)13'4('(I$H)1+$,()('(H)I:'1$,6(
A verdade na sua condição de imaterial poderia ser encontrada nas
M'1I$-4(3$-(+!)+$-()()-H$-4(:'1(-"$(5)A4()-H$5$I()I(G)"-(hbCj D4(7;;;l6(
f( #'3S)#+I)3H'( !$( 5)1!$!)4( -)O"3!'( D$3H'( XO'-H+3S'4( :$--$5$( :),'(
#'3S)#+I)3H'(!)(G)"-4(I)-I'(Y")(+3!+1)H$I)3H)6(

$%,$",)'#$%*)%)*+,!-.$

f(#'3#)+H'(!)()!"#$%&'()I(D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'()5+!)3#+$4(3"I(:1+I)+1'(
I'I)3H'4($(+3V"m3#+$(!'(:)3-$I)3H'(#,P--+#'6( ,)($(!).3+"4(3'-(I',!)-(!)(
L,$H&'4(#'I'("I$(,'3O$()()U$"-H+5$(#$I+3S$!$(!)(:"1+.#$%&'(I'1$,()(!)(
)U)1#+H$%&'(+3H),)#H"$,4(:'1(I)+'(!$(Y"$,('(!+-#n:",'(+$(:1'O1)--+5$I)3H)(-)(
+!)3H+.#$3!'(#'I($(-$0)!'1+$4($(0'3!$!)4($(0),)A$()($(M),+#+!$!)(-":1)I$-4(
!+5+3$-4(M'3H)(!)(H'!'('(i)I(hp GfEGfq(jXDLXjXD4B<<gl6(E'()3H$3H'4(
)--$( #'3Y"+-H$( :1)--":"3S$( !+.#",!$!)-( $( -)1( )3M1)3H$!$-( )4( #'3M'1I)(
$.1I'"(3'(Tratado sobre a ordem, era difícil e raro

-)O"+1()(:)1#)0)1($('1!)I(!$-(#'+-$-(r666s4()($+3!$(I$+-(5)1()()U:,+#$1(
$('1!)I(!'("3+5)1-'4(Y")(O"+$()(O'5)13$('(I"3!'(r666s6(X#1)-#)3H)=
-)($(+-H'('(M$H'(!)(Y")4()I0'1$($,O"dI('(:'--$(M$A)14(3&'(#'3-)O")(
)3#'3H1$1("I('"5+3H)(Y")4(Y")1(:),'(Id1+H'(!)(-"$(5+!$4(Y")1(:'1(#)1H$(
-+H"$%&'(!)(#'3S)#+I)3H'-4(-)?$(!+O3'(!)(#'+-$-(H&'(!+5+3$-()('0-#"1$-(
hXbfDkCEJf4(7;;94(C4(BQB4(:6(Bt<l6
 !"#$%&'()(*+,'-'.$(/0)1,23!+$4(56(784(36(894(:6(8;<=8>84(?",6@!)A6(7;B;6(CDDE(;B;7=F9;B 413

L'1( -)"-( Solilóquios, -)( #$1$#H)1+A'"( #'I'( !+-#n:",'( !$( 1$A&'4(

:'+-()-H$('()3#$I+3S$5$(:$1$($-(5)1!$!)-(Y")(0"-#$5$()(1)$.1I'"()--$-(
!+.#",!$!)-Q( [k"( :)!)-( "I$( #'+-$( Y")( 3+3O"dI( :'!)( 5)1( -)( 3&'( H+5)1(
I"+H$(,+I:+!)A(!)(I)3H)()(:$1$(#"?$(5+-&'()-HP-(:'"#'()U)1#+H$!'6(X,+P-4(
3&'(M$A)I'-('"H1$(#'+-$4(#'I(H'!'-()--)-(1'!)+'-4(-)3&'(M$A)1(#'I(Y")(H)(
)U)1#+H)-(:$1$()-H$1($:H'($(5m=,$\(hXbfDkCEJf4(B<<9Q(CC4(7;Q>84(:6(B;Bl6
Em A vida feliz4()I0'1$()--$('01$(3&'(H)3S$(-+!'(:1'!"H'(!)("I$(
,'3O$( 5+5m3#+$( #1+-H&4( M)A( $-( -)O"+3H)-( #'3-+!)1$%W)-Q( [D)( M'--)( :'--n5),(
$H+3O+1('(:'1H'(!$(*+,'-'.$(o(^3+#'(:'3H'(!)($#)--'(Z(1)O+&'()(Z(H)11$(.1I)(
!$( 5+!$( M),+A( o( 3"I$( #$I+3S$!$( )U#,"-+5$I)3H)( !+1+O+!$( :),$( 1$A&'( )(
#'3!"A+!$(:),$(5'3H$!)(r666s\(hXbfDkCEJf4B<<9Q(B4B4(:6(BBgl6
E"I( -)O"3!'( I'I)3H'4( D$3H'( XO'-H+3S'( $+3!$( 0"-#'"( $:'+'(
3$-(+!)+$-(:,$Hu3+#$-(:$1$()-#,$1)#)1()(+3H)1:1)H$1('(#'3#)+H'(!)()!"#$%&'(
#'3H+!'(3$(in0,+$4()I(:$1H+#",$1(3$()U'1H$%&'(!)(L$",'(!)(k$1-'($'-(#1+-H&'-(
!)(TM)-'(h M6(>Q(Bt=B<l6( --$(+3V"m3#+$('#'11+$(3"I(-)3H+!'(1),$H+5'4(:'+-(
#'I( '( :$--$1( !'( H)I:'( -)"( :)3-$I)3H'( :)!$OKO+#'( M'+( -)( I$H+A$3!'4(
:"1+.#$3!'( )( $--"I+3!'( "I( :)1.,( :1K:1+'4( #'I:$Hn5),( #'I( $( :1)O$%&'(
doutrinária do cristianismo.
Com base nos referenciais paulinos ele passou a conceber a educação
#'I'("I(:1'#)--'(I)!+$3H)('(Y"$,('([S'I)I()UH)1+'1\4(I$H)1+$,4(I"HP5),(
)(I'1H$,4(1):1)-)3H$!'(:),'(#'1:'4(#)!)"(,"O$1(:$1$('([S'I)I(+3H)1+'1\4(
)-:+1+H"$,4(+I"HP5),()(+I'1H$,4(1):1)-)3H$!'(:),$($,I$6( -H$(H1$3-M'1I$%&'(
'#'11+$( Y"$3!'( '( S'I)I( -)( $:1'U+I$5$( )( M$I+,+$1+A$5$( #'I( ]1+-H'(
hp GfEGfq(jXDLXjXD4(B<<gl6(G)--)(:'3H'(!)(5+-H$4('(!+-#n:",'(3&'(
#S)O$5$(Z(5)1!$!)(:'1(I)+'(!'(I)-H1)4(I$-(:),$(#'3H)I:,$%&'6(f([',S'\(
+3H)1+'14('([',S'\(!$([I)3H)\4(!$($,I$4(d(Y")(,S)(:)1I+H+$(#$:H$1($(5)1!$!)(
)--)3#+$,4( :'--+0+,+H$!$( :'1( G)"-( hXbfDkCEJf4( B<9;4( vCC4( 8;4( :6( >7;=
>7Bl6( G$n( $( +I:'1H23#+$4( :$1$( D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'4( !$( +3H)1+'1+A$%&'( :$1$( $(
renovação e a comunhão com Deus.
C--'(3&'(-+O3+.#$5$(Y")(S'I)I(!)5)--)(!)+U$1(!)(#'3-+!)1$1(
'(I"3!'(!'-(#'1:'-4(H)11)-H1)-()(#),)-H)-4(I$-(Y")4($'(-)(5',H$1(:$1$(
!)3H1'( !)( -+4( 3"I( )U)1#n#+'( !)( +3H)1+'1+A$%&'( :'!)1+$( !)-#'01+1( $(
+3H),+Om3#+$()()3#'3H1$1("I$([,"A(+I"HP5),\4("I$([1)O+&'(!)(+3#)--$3H)(
M)#"3!+!$!)\4(:,)3$I)3H)(!+5+3$(hLTLCE4(B<9>l6( 1$()--$(#'3!+%&'(
:$1$('(!)-$01'#S$1(!'(#'3S)#+I)3H'4(!$(-$0)!'1+$4(!)("I$(5+!$(M),+A(
414 !"#$%&'()(*+,'-'.$(/0)1,23!+$4(56(784(36(894(:6(8;<=8>84(?",6@!)A6(7;B;6(CDDE(;B;7=F9;B

Y")( ),)( $#'3-),S$5$( 3'-( Tratados sobre o Evangelho a São João:

[e',H$($'(#'1$%&'4(',S)($,+(Y")(d('(Y")(H$,5)A(-)3H)-(!)(G)"-Q($,+()-HP(
$(+I$O)I(!)(G)"-6(E'(S'I)I(+3H)1+'1(S$0+H$(]1+-H'4()()I(-)"(+3H)1+'1(
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por meio da interiorização.
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de aproximação do homem com Deus. O homem deveria entregar-se
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buscar constantemente a verdadeira felicidade.
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Conforme explicitou em seus Solilóquios4(3'(!+P,'O'(#'I($(1$A&'4()-H$(,S)(
-',+#+H'"(Y")(!)-H$#$--)4(:'1('1!)I(!)(:1+'1+!$!)4(-)"(I$+'1(!)-)?'Q

Fiz minha oração a Deus.

3H&'4('(Y")(!)-)?$+-(-$0)1w
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Faze um breve resumo de tudo.
Desejo conhecer a Deus e a alma.
E$!$(I$+-w
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origem era o contraste e a desproporção existente entre a altura e a grandeza
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o fundamento de sua esperança é a sua natureza mutável. Se não fosse
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possibilitadas unicamente por Deus.

!%'"#)5'$5'*!*)7%,$"*'-.$%3!5!%$%!35'/$5!/)"#$

D)O"3!'( '-( :1)#)+H'-( $O'-H+3+$3'-( I)3#+'3$!'-4( '( S'I)I( Y")(

não tivesse esse objetivo de vida estava fadado ao fracasso em sua busca
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relação a esses valores era evidente e isso poderia desviá-la de sua trajetória
:$1$("I(:1'?)H'(:"1+.#$!'1(hXbfDkCEJf4(7;;t4(vCQ(B4B4(:6(>>Fl6
L'1(+--'4(XO'-H+3S'(#'3-+!)1$5$(Y")()--)(:1'#)!+I)3H'(+I:,+#$5$(
"I( #'I:1'I)H+I)3H'( #'I( '( :1'#)--'( )!"#$H+5'q( :$1$( '( I$O+-Hd1+'(
$O'-H+3+$3'4( '( ,)OnH+I'( $1Hn.#)( !$( )!"#$%&'( d( G)"-4( Y")( $H1+0"+"(
!+O3+!$!)($'(S'I)I6(]'3M'1I)('1+)3H'"()I(G)(N$O+-H1'Q([r666s(!)5)I'-(
:1'#"1$1( G)"-( )( -":,+#$1=,S)4( 3'( I$+-( n3H+I'( 1)#)--'( !$( $,I$( 1$#+'3$,4(
Y")(-)(!)3'I+3$('(S'I)I(+3H)1+'14(Y"+-(),)(Y")(M'--)()--)('(-)"(H)I:,'\(
hXbfDkCEJf4( B<9;4( CQ74( :6( 7<7l6( ( D)( '( S'I)I( )1$( #'3H)I:,$!'( :'1(
G)"-()I(H'!$-($-(-"$-(:'--+0+,+!$!)-(3$H"1$+-4(3$!$(3'(H'#$3H)(Z(5)1!$!)(
)($'(0)I(:'!)1+$(-)1(M)+H'($(3&'(-)1(#'I($($?"!$(!+5+3$(O1$H"+H$4('M)1)#+!$(
)I( M'1I$( !)( O1$%$( hXiiXbEXEEfq( eCDXji pbJC4( B<F<l6( E'(
)3H$3H'4( +35$1+$5),I)3H)4( '( S'I)I( )1$( -)!"A+!'( :),'-( $:),'-( !'-( 0)3-(
 !"#$%&'()(*+,'-'.$(/0)1,23!+$4(56(784(36(894(:6(8;<=8>84(?",6@!)A6(7;B;6(CDDE(;B;7=F9;B 419

)UH)1+'1)-4(Y")(H)3H$5$(#'3Y"+-H$1()(:1)-)15$1(:$1$(O$1$3H+1('(Y")()3H)3!+$(
:'1(-)O"1$3%$4(M),+#+!$!)()(:1$A)16( 1$($--+I(Y")(XO'-H+3S'()U:1)--$5$($(
M1$O+,+!$!)(S"I$3$(:$1$(#'3Y"+-H$1('(0)I(I$+'1()(!)-M1"H$1(!'-(0)3)Mn#+'-(
dele decorrentes.

!)5+!'( Z( -"$( :'01)A$( )( Z-( !+.#",!$!)-( -)I( #'3H$4( )3H1)O$=-)(

)U#)--+5$I)3H)(Z-(-"$-(:1K:1+$-($H+5+!$!)-()($'-(:1$A)1)-(I+-H"1$!'-(
Z-(+3Y"+)H"!)-(+3-$#+P5)+-(Y")(-"-#+H$6( ()3H&'4(:),'(P5+!'(!)-)?'(!)(
$!Y"+1+1(#'3S)#+I)3H'-(!'(I"3!'()UH)1+'14(#"?$-(!),n#+$-($I$()(H)I)(
:)1!)14(#$-'(3&'($-(1)H+5)1(#'I(I"+H'(#"+!$!'4(:)1!)($(H1$3Y{+,+!$!)4(
)(H$3H'(I)3'-(:)3-$()I(-+(I)-I$(Y"$3H'(I$+-(-)O"1$()-HP(!)(Y")(3&'(
:'!)(:)1!)1=-)($(-+(I)-I$6hXbfDkCEJf4(7;;t4(vQ(t4g4(:6(>7;(l6

X(-":)1$%&'(!)--$(M1$O+,+!$!)(:$--$5$(:),'(#",H+5'()(!+O3+.#$%&'(
!$($,I$4(:'1(M'1H$,)#m=,$()(-+H"P=,$()I("I$(1)$,+!$!)(-":)1+'1(Z()UH)1+'1q('(
1)-",H$!'(!)--$($%&'(#'3#)!+$=,S)($(#S$5)(!'($#)--'(Z(-"$(+!)3H+!$!)()($'(
I)-I'(H)I:'(,S)($01+$($-(:'1H$-(:$1$($(#'3Y"+-H$(!$(-"$(#+!$!$3+$(#),)-H)6(
D)O"3!'(D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'4()--)()1$('(I'H+5'()--)3#+$,(!$()3H1)O$4(
!'( V"+14( !'( !),)+H$1=-)( )I( G)"-4( $( 5)1!$!)( +3.3+H$4( '( 0)I( -":1)I'( )(
+I"HP5),6(X(:)1M)+%&'(I'1$,4($(M),+#+!$!)(o()4()I(!)#'11m3#+$4($(-$0)!'1+$(
#'I:,)H$(o()-H$5$I(+3H+I$I)3H)(1),$#+'3$!$-(Z($%&'(!)(#'3S)#)1()($I$1(
esse bem maior.
C--'4(3$(:)1-:)#H+5$($O'-H+3+$3$4()1$($(#'3!+%&'(!'(mU+H'(!'(#'I:,)U'(
$5$3%'(#'O3'-#+H+5'4(H$3H'(3'(Y")(!+A(1)-:)+H'(Z(0"-#$(!)('0?)H'-()UH)1+'1)-(
)($(1)V)U&'(-'01)(-+(I)-I'(#'I'($(:'--+0+,+!$!)(!)(",H1$:$--$1('(Y")(-)(
colocava entre a percepção de determinadas coisas por meio dos sentidos e o
)3H)3!+I)3H'(!$(Y"$,+!$!)(!$Y"+,'(Y")()1$(5)1!$!)+1'4($(!+I)3-&'(-":)1+'1(
!$($,I$Q($([I)3H)\('"(+3H),+Om3#+$4($(:$1H+1(!$(1$A&'4(:'1(-"$(5)A(,)5$5$(Z(-"$(
:1K:1+$(+!)3H+!$!)(hp GfEGfq(jXDLXjXD4(B<<gl6( -H$-(#'3!+%W)-()1$I(
preparadas pelo intelecto no exercício cognitivo e propiciavam ao homem
+!)3H+.#$1('(Y")(5+$4('"5+$4(,+$('"(:)3-$5$(:'1(I)+'(!$(5)1!$!)(+3H),+On5),4(
Y")(-)(,'#$,+A$5$(3$(:1K:1+$([I)3H)\(hE/E D4(B<g9l6
L'1( +--'4( D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'4( !)M)3!+$( $( 3)#)--+!$!)( !)( $--"I+1( $(
1$A&'()($(Md4(3&'(#'I'(M1)3H)-(':'-H$-4(I$-(#'I'(#',$0'1$!'1$-4(#'I'(!"$-(
5+$-( Y")( ,)5$5$I( $'( #'3S)#+I)3H'( !$( 5)1!$!)Q( $( $"H'1+!$!)( o(k)','O+$(
420 !"#$%&'()(*+,'-'.$(/0)1,23!+$4(56(784(36(894(:6(8;<=8>84(?",6@!)A6(7;B;6(CDDE(;B;7=F9;B

o( )( $( 1$A&'( o( *+,'-'.$6( J+)1$1Y"+A$!$( #1'3','O+#$I)3H)4( $( $"H'1+!$!)(

$--"I+$('(:1+I)+1'(,"O$14(I$-4()I(H)1I'-(!)(+I:'1H23#+$4($(1$A&'(H'I$5$(
'(:1+I)+1'(,"O$1(hbCj D4(7;;;l6(
E)--$(!+-#"--&'4("I$(Y")-H&'(-+O3+.#$H+5$(M'+(#','#$!$()I(:$"H$Q(
$:)-$1( !)( '( CI:d1+'( p'I$3'( H)1( $!'H$!'( '( #1+-H+$3+-I'4( '( )3-+3'( 3),)(
ministrado não tinha sido mudado e fundamentava-se nas disciplinas e
#'3H)^!'-( :1K:1+'-( !$( #",H"1$( #,P--+#$6( I( M$#)( !+--'4( D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'(
:1'#"1'"( +!)3H+.#$1( )( :1':'1( "I$( )!"#$%&'( 3'-( I',!)-( !'"H1+3P1+'-(
#1+-H&'-4('"(-)?$4(Y")(3&'(M'--)(M"3!$I)3H$!$("3+#$I)3H)(3'-(:)3-$!'1)-(
#,P--+#'-4(I$-(H$I0dI(3'-($"H'1)-(#1+-H&'-6(X#1)-#)3H)=-)(Y")4(:$1$(),)4(
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0"-#$5$I( 3$( )-M)1$( ,+H)1P1+$4( #'I'( H$I0dI( $Y"),)-( )3#'3H1$!'-( 3$-(
#+m3#+$-()(3$(.,'-'.$6(E'(#uI:"H'(O)1$,4(H'!$-($-(!+-#+:,+3$-()(#'3H)^!'-(
Y")('0?)H+5$--)I($(#'I:1))3-&'(!'-(H)UH'-(H+!'-(#'I'(-$O1$!'-(,)5$5$I(
$'(#'3S)#+I)3H'(!)(G)"-(hNfp D]JCECq(Efp jjC4(7;;;l6
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#'3S)#+I)3H'( 3&'( -)( ,+I+H$5$( Z( )-M)1$( .,'-K.#$4( I$-( !+A+$( 1)-:)+H'( $'(
:1'O1)--'( 3$( Md4( Y")4( 3$( -"$( )-:)#+.#+!$!)4( :1'I'5+$( '( #'3S)#+I)3H'(Z(
I)!+!$(Y")(H1$3-M'1I$5$()(:"1+.#$5$($(5'3H$!)6(f(1)-",H$!'(!+--'()1$($(
'0H)3%&'(!)(#'3!+%W)-(:$1$("I$(I),S'1(:)1#):%&'(!$-(#'+-$-(Y")(!)5)1+$I(
-)1('0?)H'(!'($I$14(+-H'(d4($Y"),)-(5$,'1)-(Y")(:1'I'5+$I('(S'I)I()I(-"$(
!+I)3-&'()-:+1+H"$,()4(:'1()UH)3-&'4(!+I)3-&'(#'1:'1$,6

!%#5!" ,)"*<",'!%)%$%)",$"#5$%,$/%*)+

A superação dos obstáculos criados pela tendência da alma de se

desviar da sua rota natural para atender aos sedutores apelos exteriores
constituía a primeira vitória da educação cristã em relação ao mundo.
U+-H+$4( 3'( )3H$3H'4( "I$( -)O"3!$( -+H"$%&'=:1'0,)I$( $( -)1( 1)-',5+!$(
:),$( )!"#$%&'Q( $( H)3!m3#+$( !$( $,I$( .#$1( :1)-$( 3$( #'3H)I:,$%&'( !$( -"$(
O1$3!+'-+!$!)4(-)I(-)(1):'1H$1(Z(Om3)-)(!)--$(I$1$5+,S$4(ZY"),)(Y")(,S)(!)"(
'1+O)I4($'(:1K:1+'(G)"-6(D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'(#','#'"()I(H),$()--$-(1)V)UW)-(
)I(X(G'"H1+3$(]1+-H&Q([ 4(#)1H$I)3H)4("I$(O1$3!)(#'+-$(d('(S'I)I4(:'+-(
M'+(M)+H'(Z(+I$O)I()(-)I),S$3%$(!)(G)"-z(E&'(d(O1$3!)(#'+-$()3Y"$3H'(
)3#$13$!'( 3"I( #'1:'( I'1H$,4( I$-( -+I( )3Y"$3H'( d( -":)1+'1( $'-( $3+I$+-(
 !"#$%&'()(*+,'-'.$(/0)1,23!+$4(56(784(36(894(:6(8;<=8>84(?",6@!)A6(7;B;6(CDDE(;B;7=F9;B 421

:),$()U#),m3#+$(!$($,I$(1$#+'3$,\(hXbfDkCEJf4(B<<B4(C4(77Q7;4(:6(<gl6
E$( )-H)+1$( !)--$-( 1)V)UW)-4( '"H1$( Y")-H&'4( :'1( -)( +I:'1(
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,)5$5$='( $( 1'I:)1( $( 1),$%&'( #'I( G)"-4( $'( :$--'( Y")( 5+5)1( -)O"3!'( '(
)-:n1+H'4(3$(O1$%$4(,)5$5$='(Z(-$3H+.#$%&'()(Z("3+&'(#'I(G)"-6( --$(-)O"3!$(
':%&'(#'3.1I$5$4(:$1$(D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'4($(1),$%&'(:1K!+O$()(M)#"3!$(#'I(
'(:1K:1+'(G)"-4(Y")(,S)(#'3#)!)1+$($(O1$%$(!)(:$1H+#+:$1(!$(-"$()H)13+!$!)(
hXiiXbEXEfq(eCDXji pbJC4( B<F<l6(X.3$,4( '( S'I)I( 3$-#)"( :$1$(
-)1(#+!$!&'(!'(#d"4()I(-)"(:1'?)H'(!).3+H+5'4()--$(#+!$!$3+$(#),)-H)(d(Y")(
!)5)1+$(-)1(0"-#$!$()(#'3Y"+-H$!$6( ,$()1$('(.I(^,H+I'(!)(-"$()U+-Hm3#+$6
Com essa dinâmica formativa a educação cristã agostiniana
#'3H+3S$($()U+Om3#+$(!)(!$1("I(:$--'(Z(M1)3H)(:$1$(-":)1$1('-('0-HP#",'-(
causadores do fracasso humano e as práticas dissonantes com a
H1$3-#)3!m3#+$4('"(-)?$4($-($%W)-(!+1)#+'3$!$-(Z('0H)3%&'(!$($"H'3'I+$4(
Z( 0"-#$4( 3'( :1K:1+'( +3!+5n!"'4( !)( "I$( #'3-+-Hm3#+$( !)-5+3#",$!$( !'(
:1'?)H'( -$3H+.#$!'16(k$+-( $11'?'-( )3H1$5$I( )I( #'3V+H'( #'I( '( :1'#)--'(
)!"#$H+5'4(#"?$(#'3!+%&'(:1+I)+1$()1$($($#)+H$%&'4(:'1(:$1H)(!'(S'I)I4(
!)( Y")( $( -"$( )-H$0+,+!$!)( +3H)1+'1( H+3S$( :'1( :1+3#n:+'( $( !)0+,+!$!)( )( $(
M1$O+,+!$!)4()('(^3+#'(1)#"1-'(!'(Y"$,(:'!)1+$(!+-:'1()1$($(H1$3-#)3!m3#+$(
hXbfDkCEJf4(B<9t4(B87Q>4(:6(tF;l6
f( #'3S)#+I)3H'( S"I$3'4( )I( D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'4( 3&'( !)5)1+$( -)1(
+I$3)3H)4(I$-(H1$3-#)3!)3H)4(Z(I)!+!$()I(Y")('(S'I)I(:1)#+-$5$(0"-#$1(
'([$,H'\(:$1$()3#'3H1$1('(-)"(D)3S'14(M'3H)(!)(H'!'('(0)I4(!)(H'!'('(-$0)1(
)(!)(H'!$($(M),+#+!$!)6(x"$,Y")1(!+-H$3#+$I)3H'(!)--$(1)$,+!$!)(-":)1+'1(
H1$1+$(#'I'(#'3-)Y"m3#+$-($(+3-$H+-M$%&'4('(#'3V+H'4($(+3M),+#+!$!)4(5+-H'(
Y")('(01+,S'()UH)1+'14()I(-"$(-)!"%&'4($:)-$1(!)(-$H+-M$A)1(-":)1.#+$,I)3H)4(
3&'( :1))3#S)1+$( '( 5$A+'( +3H)1+'1( Y")( :$1H+#",$1+A$( $( )U+-Hm3#+$( S"I$3$(
Y"$3H'( $( M$,H$( !$( :1)-)3%$( ( -$3H+.#$!'1$( !'( -)"( D)3S'1( hp GfEGfq(
jXDLXjXD4(B<<gl6
I( M$#)( !+--'4( 3"I( )U)1#n#+'( 1)V)U+5'4( D$3H'( XO'-H+3S'( )I( X(
k1+3!$!)( :)1O"3H$5$=-)( '( :'1Y"m( !$( +I:'1H23#+$( !$( $,I$( -)( #'3S)#)1(
em toda a sua dimensão. Seu posicionamento em relação a esse
$"H'Y")-H+'3$I)3H'4(M1"H'(!)(-"$-(+3Y"+)H$%W)-4(M'+(:1)#+-'Q(),)(3&'(!)+U'"(
!^5+!$-()I(1),$%&'($'(-)"(:)3-$1()(Z(-"$(#1)3%$6
422 !"#$%&'()(*+,'-'.$(/0)1,23!+$4(56(784(36(894(:6(8;<=8>84(?",6@!)A6(7;B;6(CDDE(;B;7=F9;B

]'3M'1I)(#1)+'4(d(:$1$(),$(-)(:)3-$1()I(-+(I)-I$()(5+5)1(!)($#'1!'(
#'I(-"$(3$H"1)A$4('"(-)?$4(:$1$(Y")(-)(!)+U)(O'5)13$1(:'1($Y"),)($(Y")I(
!)5)()-H$1(-"?)+H$4()($#+I$(!$-(#'+-$-(Y")(!)5)(!'I+3$16(D'0($Y"),)(:'1(
Y")I(!)5)(-)1(!+1+O+!$()(-'01)($Y"+,'(Y")(),$(!)5)(!+1+O+16(N"+H$-(5)A)-4(
!)5+!'(Z(#'3#":+-#m3#+$(!)-1)O1$!$4($($,I$($O)(#'I'(Y")()-Y")#+!$(!)(
-+(I)-I$6(L'+-($($,I$(5m($,O"I$-(#'+-$-(+3H1+3-)#$I)3H)(0),$-(3"I$(
3$H"1)A$(-":)1+'14(Y")(d(G)"-6( (Y"$3!'(!)5)1+$()-H$1(:)1I$3)#)3!'(
3'(O'A'(!)--)(i)I4($'(Y")1)1($H1+0"n=,'($(-+(I)-I$(3&'(Y")1(M$A)1=-)(
-)I),S$3H)( $( G)"-4( #'I( '( $"Un,+'( !)( G)"-4( I$-( -)1( '( Y")( ),$( d( :'1(
-+(:1K:1+$4($M$-H$3!'=-)(! ,)()(1)-5$,$3!'6(*+1I$=-)(#$!$(5)A(I)3'-4(
:'1Y")( -)( +,"!)4( :)3-$3!'( -"0+1( #$!$( 5)A( I$+-( $,H'6( E&'( -)( 0$-H$(
$( -+( I)-I$4( )( 3)I( ,S)( 0$-H$( 0)I( $,O"I4( $'( -)( $M$-H$1( !$Y"),)( Y")(
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!%)*+,!-.$%,$/$%$85!%*'2'"!

(f(:1)--":'-H'(!)(Y")('(!+-#n:",'(H)3S$(#S)O$!'($("I(0'I(H)1I'(
Y"$3H'($'-('0?)H+5'-(M'1I$H+5'-(!$(+3H)1+'1+A$%&'()(!$(H1$3-#)3!m3#+$(o($(
H1$3-#)3!m3#+$(,)5$(Z(+3H)1+'1+A$%&'(o4(#'3-H+H"+("I$(-+H"$%&'(:1+5+,)O+$!$(
:$1$(-)()!"#$1(3'(-)3H+!'(:,)3'(!$(#'3#):%&'()!"#$H+5$(!)(D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'4(
'"(-)?$4('(!+-#n:",'()-H$1+$(:1):$1$!'(:$1$(H)1($#)--'(Z()H$:$(!)#+-+5$(!$(
-"$( :)!$O'O+$4( 3$( Y"$,4( :$1$( ),)( '( :1K:1+'( G)"-( $--"I+$( $( #'3!+%&'( !'(
O1$3!)(I)-H1)(Y")(+3-H1"n$()()!"#$5$4(Y")(+,"I+3$5$($(-"$(+3H),+Om3#+$()(
incandescia seu coração.
( I( X( 5)1!$!)+1$( 1),+O+&'4( 3"I$( )U:'-+%&'( Y"$-)( #),)01$H+5$4(
XO'-H+3S'(!)+U'"(#'3S)#)1()--$()H$:$()!"#$H+5$4($'(I)-I'(H)I:'()I(Y")(
$(1),$#+'3'"(Z-()H$:$-($3H)#)!)3H)-6

E&'(-$+$-(!)(H+4(I$-(5',H$(:$1$(!)3H1'(!)(H+(I)-I'4($(e)1!$!)(S$0+H$(
no coração do homem. E se não encontras senão a tua natureza sujeita
$(I"!$3%$-4(5$+($,dI(!)(H+(I)-I'6( I(H)(",H1$:$--$3!'4(:'1dI4(3&'(H)(
)-Y")%$-(Y")(H1$3-#)3!)-(H"$($,I$(Y")(1$#+'#+3$6(L'1H$3H'4(!+1+O)=-)($(
fonte da própria luz da razão.
X'3!)( :'!)( #S)O$14( #'I( )M)+H'4( H'!'( 0'I( :)3-$!'1( -)3&'( $Hd( Z(
e)1!$!)w(D)( $(5)1!$!)(3&'(d( $H+3O+!$(:),'(:1K:1+'(1$#+'#n3+'4(),$(d(
?"-H$I)3H)4($(.3$,+!$!)(!$(0"-#$(!'-(Y")(1$#+'#+3$I6
 !"#$%&'()(*+,'-'.$(/0)1,23!+$4(56(784(36(894(:6(8;<=8>84(?",6@!)A6(7;B;6(CDDE(;B;7=F9;B 423

+-($(S$1I'3+$(Y")(3$!$(I$+-(:'!)1+$(",H1$:$--$16(J$1I'3+A$=H)(#'I(
),$6(]'3M)--$(Y")(H"(3&'(d-(+!m3H+#'4(Y")(H"(5+)-H)($(),$4(:1'#"1$3!'=$4(
3&'($(:)1#'11)1()-:$%'-4(I$-(:),'(!)-)?'(!)(H)"()-:n1+H'6(*'+(),)(Y")(H)(
M)A()3#'3H1P=,$4(3&'(#'I(M1"+%&'(#$13$,()(0$+U$4(I$-(#'I(-"I'(!),)+H)(
)-:+1+H"$,6(k"!'(:$1$(Y")('(S'I)I(+3H)1+'1(-)(S$1I'3+A)(#'I(XY"),)(
Y")(3),)(S$0+H$(hXbfDkCEJf4(7;;74(><Qg74(:6(<9=<<l6

(E)-H$( 1)V)U&'4( ),)( :W)( Z-( #,$1$-( $-( H1m-( )H$:$-( #'I:'3)3H)-( !$(
-"$( :1':'-H$( )!"#$H+5$4( )5+!)3#+$3!'( '( H1$%'( I$+-( )M)H+5'( !$( )!"#$%&'(
#1+-H&4('(-)"($O)3H)(:1+I)+1'4('"(-)?$4('(:1K:1+'(G)"-(-)I('(Y"$,(),$(3&'(
-)( 1)$,+A$1+$6( E)--)( :1'#)--'4( $'( S'I)I( )-H$5$( 1)-)15$!'( )I( "I( :$:),(
-)#"3!P1+'4( $Hd( I)-I'( ,+I+H$!'( )( -"0-+!+P1+'6( L'1( +--'4( :$1$( '( 3'--'(
:)3-$!'1('(-"#)--'()!"#$H+5'(:$--$5$(:),$($!'%&'4(:'1(:$1H)(!'(!+-#n:",'4(
!)("I$($H+H"!)(Y"$-)(!)($0'3!'3'4(!)()3H1)O$($(G)"-4(#'3M'1I)(-+3H)H+A'"(
3'-(D',+,KY"+'-Q([]1m(#'3-H$3H)I)3H)()I(G)"-()()3H1)O$=H)(+3H)+1$I)3H)(
$(),)(r666s(!)#,$1$=H)(!'(#,)I)3Hn--+I'()(O)3)1'-n--+I'(D)3S'14(!)(I'!'(
Y")(),)(3&'(#)--)(!)()1O")1=H)($Hd(),)()(3&'(:)1I+H$(Y")(3$!$(H)('#'11$\(
hXbfDkCEJf4(B<<94(C=ve4(7<4(:6(t>l6
G)--)( I'!'4( )I)1O)( "I$( !$-( Y")-HW)-( H)',KO+#$-( Y")( I$+-(
+3Y"+)H$1$I( )( :1'5'#$1$I( '( :)3-$1( $O'-H+3+$3'( )( Y")( :$1)#)( H)1( -+!'(
superada apenas pelos mistérios da Trindade. Esse ponto nuclear não
$:)3$-( !$( )!"#$%&'4( I$-( !$( 1),+O+&'( #1+-H&( )1$( '( :$:),( !$( O1$%$( !+5+3$(
3$(1)!)3%&'(!'(S'I)Iq('()-:$%'(1)-)15$!'(Z(,+0)1!$!)(3$(-"$(!+I)3-&'(
cooperadora nesse processo e cujas manifestações expressivas podiam ser
encontradas na educação e no magistério do homem.
L$1$('()3H)3!+I)3H'()@'"()U:,+#$%&'(!)--$-(Y")-HW)-4(D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'(
0"-#'"(1)-:$,!'()I($,O"I$-()U'1H$%W)-():+-H',$1)-(!)(L$",'(!)(k$1-'Q

L'+-4( '( X:'-H','( 3&'( !+AQ( [$!5)1H+I'-4( )3-+3$I'-4( )U'1H$I'-\4(

I$-(!+AQ(:)!+I'-($(G)"-4(3&'(#'I)H$+-(I$,($,O"I666(I$-4(-+I4(Y")(
:1$H+Y")+-('(0)I6
E&'( '0-H$3H)4( !+A+$=,S)-( H$I0dI( )( M$A+$( H"!'( '( Y")( I)3#+'3)+4(
$!5)1H+$4( )3-+3$5$4( )U'1H$5$4( #'11+O+$6( N$-( -$0+$( Y")( H"!'( +-H'( M)+H'(
:'1(),)($-(#,$1$-(3&'(H+3S$(5$,'14(-)(3&'('"5+--)(-"$('1$%&'($Y"),)(Y")(
!P('(#1)-#+I)3H'('#",H$I)3H)6(L'+-4(#'I'(!+A('(I)-I'(G'"H'1(!'-(
424 !"#$%&'()(*+,'-'.$(/0)1,23!+$4(56(784(36(894(:6(8;<=8>84(?",6@!)A6(7;B;6(CDDE(;B;7=F9;B

b)3H+'-Q($--+I4(:'+-4($Y"),)(Y")(:,$3H$4(3$!$(dq($Y"),)(Y")(1)O$4(3$!$(
dq(I$-(+I:'1H$(-'I)3H)(G)"-(Y")(!P('(#1)-#+I)3H'(hB(]'1(>Qgl6(r666s
L),'(#'3H1$1+'4()3H)3!$I(Y")4(-)(-&'(.,S'-(!)(G)"-4(-&'(#'3!"A+!'-(
:),'( -:n1+H'(!)(G)"-(hpI(9QB8l4(!)(I'!'(Y")(M$%$I('(Y")(!)5)I(
M$A)1()4(!):'+-(!)(Hm=,'(M)+H'4($O1$!)%$I(ZY"),)(!)(Y")I(1)#)0)I($-(
M'1#$-6(D&'(I'5+!'-($($O+14(I$-(3)I(:'1(+--'(!)+U)I(!)(M$A)1($(-"$(
:$1H)6(T=,S)-(+3!+#$!'('(Y")(!)5)I(M$A)1()4(Y"$3!'(M$A)I(#'I'(!)5)I4(
'"(-)?$4(#'I($I'1()(O'-H'(:),$(?"-H+%$4($,)O1)I=-)(:'1(H)1(1)#)0+!'($(
-"$5+!$!)('"H'1O$!$(:),'(D)3S'14(:$1$(Y")(-"$(H)11$(:1'!"A+--)(-)"(
M1"H'(hDj(98QB>l6(x"$3!'4(:'1)I4(3&'($O)I4(-)?$(!)+U$3!'(H'H$,I)3H)(
!)( M$A)14( -)?$( M$A)3!'='( -)I( $I'14( !)5)I( '1$1( :$1$( 1)#)0)1( '( Y")(
$+3!$(3&'(HmI6(N$-4('(Y")(H)1&'()('(Y")(3&'(-)1P(1)#)0+!'w(f"('(Y")(
H)I4(Y")(3&'(H)3S$I(1)#)0+!'w(hB]'1(8Qgl(hXbfDkCEJf4(B<<<4(CC4(
>Q84(:6(9F=9gl6

(X(1+O'14('(Y")(O$3S'"(!)-H$Y")(3)--$(!+-#"--&'(M'+($(+!)+$(!)(Y")(
H'!'( :1'O1)--'( )!"#$H+5'4( Y")1( 3'( Y")( !+A( 1)-:)+H'( Z( M'1I$%&'( S"I$3$(
Y")1(3'(1)M)1)3H)(Z(M'1I$%&'(1),+O+'-$4(!)5)1+$(-)1()3H)3!+!'4()I(^,H+I$(
+3-H23#+$4( 3$( :)1-:)#H+5$( !$( $%&'( !+5+3$4( $( Y"$,4( !)( I$3)+1$-( !+5)1-$-(
+3V"n$(3'(!+-#n:",'4('1+)3H$5$(-"$-(:1PH+#$-()(-"$($:1)3!+A$O)I(:'1(I)+'(
da graça.
Nem mesmo a fé era um ato pessoal em seu sentido pleno: antes de
H"!'()1$("I(!'I(!+5+3'q($Hd(I)-I'($(5'3H$!)(!)(#1)1(!)5)1+$(-)1($H1+0"n!$(
$( )--$( O1$%$( hXbfDkCEJf4( B<<94( CC4( >8QF;4( :6( <;=<Bl6( L'1( +--'4( )1$( $(
:$1H+1(!$(Md(Y")(-)(#S)O$5$(Z(#'I:1))3-&'(!)(G)"-4('(Y")(3&'(-+O3+.#$(
Y")(M'--)($,O'(#)O'4(+11$#+'3$,4(I$-(-+I("I(+3-H1"I)3H'(Y")(:'--+0+,+H$5$(
$:1'U+I$1=-)( !)( G)"-( hNfp D]JCECq( Efp jjC4( 7;;;l6( U:1)--+5$4(
3)--)( -)3H+!'4( M'+( -"$( #'3#,"-&'( )I(X( k1+3!$!)( !)( Y")( [X( Md( 0"-#$4( '(
)3H)3!+I)3H'()3#'3H1$\(hXbfDkCEJf4(7;;t4(ve4(7Q74(:6(89Bl6
(f(Y")(.#$()5+!)3H)(d(Y")(H'!$($($%&'(!'(S'I)I()I(M$5'1(!)(-"$(
)!"#$%&'4( !+1)H$( '"( +3!+1)H$I)3H)4( )1$( I'H+5$!$( :'1( G)"-4( )I0'1$4( )I(
$,O"I$-(-+H"$%W)-4(!):)3!)--)("3+#$I)3H)(!'(S'I)I6(L'1()U)I:,'4(#$-'(
'(S'I)I(-)(3)O$--)($(1)#)0)1()--$(O1$%$4(),$(3&'('($H+3O+1+$4($'(#'3H1P1+'4(
-)($(!)-)?$--)(,+51)I)3H)()($(I)1)#)--)4()--$(5'3H$!)(-)1+$($5+5$!$(:),$(
ação divina e o bem seria concedido.
 !"#$%&'()(*+,'-'.$(/0)1,23!+$4(56(784(36(894(:6(8;<=8>84(?",6@!)A6(7;B;6(CDDE(;B;7=F9;B 425

(]'I(+-H'4($(,+0)1!$!)()($(:$1H)(1)-)15$!$($'(S'I)I(3$()!"#$%&'(
:1':'-H$(:'1(D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'($!Y"+1)I(1),)5'4()I0'1$(-)(H1$H)(!)("I(:$:),(
1),$H+5'4(-)#"3!P1+'6(C--'(3&'(:'!)1+$(-)1(!+M)1)3H)4($.3$,()-H$-(!+I)3-W)-(
S"I$3$-( )-H$5$I( -"0I)H+!$-( Z( 5'3H$!)( )( Z( O1$%$( !+5+3$6( 3H1)H$3H'4(
D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'(3&'(!)+U'"(!^5+!$(!)(Y")4(:$1$($,#$3%$1()--)(0)I4(:$:),(
M"3!$I)3H$,(H+3S$($(5'3H$!)(,+51)()(5)1!$!)+1$(!'(S'I)I(hp GfEGfq(
jXDLXjXD4( B<<gl4( :'1Y")( G)"-( 3&'( #'3#)!+$( '( !'I( !$( Md( )( !$-( 0'$-(
'01$-(:$1$(Y")I(3&'(,"H$--)(+3#)--$3H)()(01$5$I)3H)(:$1$(I)1)#m=,$-6
(L$1$( )3M$H+A$1( )--$( Y")-H&'4( ),)( #'3#,"+"( )I( X( #'11)%&'( )( $(
O1$%$Q( [ +-( #'I'( $( ,+0)1!$!)( -)( S$1I'3+A$( #'I( $( O1$%$( !)( G)"-( )( 3&'(
$(#'3H1$1+$6(X(5'3H$!)(3&'('0HdI($(O1$%$(:),$(,+0)1!$!)4(I$-($(,+0)1!$!)(
:),$(O1$%$4()("I$(:)1)3+!$!)(!),)+HP5),()(M'1H$,)A$(+3-":)1P5),()I('1!)I(
$(:)1-)5)1$3%$\(hXbfDkCEJf4(B<<<4(9QBg4(:6(B;7l6
A ação humana livre tinha uma função importante a desempenhar
3'( M)3uI)3'( )!"#$H+5'( $O'-H+3+$3'Q( )I( ^,H+I$( +3-H23#+$4( #'3-+-H+$( )I(
$#)+H$14(-"0I)H)1=-)()(:'H)3#+$1($-(!+M)1)3H)-(I$3+M)-H$%W)-(!$(O1$%$()($Hd(
mesmo ocultar sua misteriosa presença no coração do homem.
(L'1H$3H'4(-)I($($3"m3#+$()($(#',$0'1$%&'(!'(S'I)I4('(:1'O1$I$(
-$3H+.#$!'1( :$1$( ),)( :1):$1$!'( :'1( G)"-( 3&'( #S$O$1+$( $'( 0'I( H)1I'6(
E)--$( #$I+3S$!$4( '( S'I)I( !)5)1+$( :$--$1( :'1( !'+-( I'I)3H'-( !+-H+3H'-(
:$1$(#'3Y"+-H$1($(1)3'5$%&'(:1K:1+$(!$(-$3H+.#$%&'6
(f( :1+I)+1'( I'I)3H'( H+3S$( ,"O$1( #'I( '( 0$H+-I'4( '01$( Y"$-)(
exclusivamente divina realizada com o perdão das faltas cometidas pelo
S'I)I(Y")(#S)O$--)(Z(#'35)1-&'6(E'(-)O"3!'(I'I)3H'4(-"$(1)$,+A$%&'(-)(
fazia por meio de um diálogo muito mais claro entre a liberdade humana e
$(O1$%$(-$3H+.#$!'1$(hXbfDkCEJf4(7;;t4(vCe4(BgQ7>4(:6(8g>l6
]'I('('0?)H+5'(!)()U:,+#$1($Hd(Y")(:'3H'()1$(:'--n5),($(:1)-)3%$(
':)1$H+5$(!$(O1$%$(3'(#'1$%&'()(3$([I)3H)\(!'(S'I)I4(D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'(
!)-)35',5)"( H'!$( "I$( H)'1+$( O3'-+',KO+#$( )( :)!$OKO+#$4( #"?'( 3^#,)'(
d( $( !'"H1+3$( !$( C,"I+3$%&'4( )I0'1$4( +I:'1H$( #'3-+!)1$14( -"$( k)'1+$( !$(
C,"I+3$%&'( ",H1$:$--)( $( #'3!+%&'( !)( "I( $1H+Mn#+'( .,'-K.#'6( ,$( 3&'( -)(
1)!"A+$(^3+#$()(M"3!$I)3H$,I)3H)($("I$(H)'1+$(!'(#'3S)#+I)3H'4(?P(Y")($(
grande preocupação do autor era compor uma imagem da ação da graça na
#'3-#+m3#+$(S"I$3$4(Y")(#$:H$5$('-(:,$3'-(!)(G)"-(:),$(+3H),+Om3#+$()(:),'(
$I'16(C--'(!)5)1+$('#'11)1(H$3H'(3$([I)3H)\(Y"$3H'(3$(5'3H$!)4(:$1$(Y")($(
426 !"#$%&'()(*+,'-'.$(/0)1,23!+$4(56(784(36(894(:6(8;<=8>84(?",6@!)A6(7;B;6(CDDE(;B;7=F9;B

,"A(!+5+3$4(:'1(I)+'(!)(]1+-H'4(:"!)--)('1+)3H$1('(S'I)I(Y")(-)(1)5)-H+"(
!$(Md6(X($,I$4()I(-"$(:$1H)()-:+1+H"$,4(#'3-H+H"+($(5)1!$!)+1$(+I$O)I(!)(
G)"-4( -)3!'( :'1H$!'1$( !$-( 5)1!$!)-( )H)13$-( :1).O"1$!$-( 'M)1H$!$-( :),$(
O1$%$( !+5+3$6( X'( )3H)3!)1( Y")( ?P( #'3S)#+$( 5+1H"$,I)3H)( $( $,I$4( 3)--)(
-)3H+!'4(-)(1)#'1!$(hi jjCEfkkf4(B<FFl6(X($,I$4()I(-"$(3$H"1)A$4()1$($(
grande responsável por promover evidências legítimas do seu contato com
G)"-6( ,$(1)V)H)4($()U)I:,'(!'()-:),S'4($(3$H"1)A$(!+5+3$(hbCj D4(7;;;l6
L'1(+--'4(XO'-H+3S'($#'3-),S'"(3'-(k1$H$!'-(-'01)('( 5$3Od,+'(!)(
D&'(y'&'Q([D)O"3!'('(I$)-H1'4(Y")(!+--+:$(3'--$-(H1)5$-(#'I(-"$(,"Aq('(
3'--'(5)1!$!)+1'(D',4(Y")(:)3)H1$(#'I(-)"-(1$+'-(3'--'-(#'1$%W)-q(3&'('(
-',(Y")($,I)?$I('-(',S'-(!$(#$13)4(I$-(-+I('(D',(Y")('-(',S'-(!'(#'1$%&'(
!)-)?$I( $1!)3H)I)3H)( Y")( -)( ,S)-( M$%$( 5+-n5),\( hXbfDkCEJf4( 7;;t4(
vCv4(B;4(:6(8>gl6(
E)--$(M'1I",$%&'(!'(S'I)I(+!)$,(#1+-H&'4()I(X(k1+3!$!)4(-"$(+!)+$(
M'+($:1)-)3H$!$(-)O"3!'('"H1$('1+)3H$%&'()($!Y"+1+"('"H1'(#'3H)^!'4(:,)3'(
!)($,)1H$()($Hd(I)-I'(!)($!5)1Hm3#+$Q([N$-(-)($,O"dI4(I)-I'($!5)1H+!'4(
3&'( #'3-)O")( !+-H+3O"+1( )--$-( 1)$,+!$!)-4( d( :'1Y")( )-HP( I)1O",S$!'(
em grande cegueira de coração e nas trevas da ignorância. Está assim
:1)#+-$3!'(!)($"Un,+'(!+5+3'(0)I(I$+-(:'!)1'-'(:$1$(#S)O$1(Z(5)1!$!)+1$(
-$0)!'1+$\(hXbfDkCEJf4(7;;tQ(vCe4(gQ<4(:6(8tBl6(
E)--)(-)"(I$O+-Hd1+'4(D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'(M'+(#$H)OK1+#'(#'I('(S'I)I(
Y")( -)( :1)H)3!+$( #1+-H&'4( #'I'( $:$1)#)( )I(X( O1$%$( !)( ]1+-H'( )( '( L)#$!'(
f1+O+3$,Q([j)+$I4(:'+-4()()3H)3!$I4(5)?$I()(#'3M)--)(Y")(G)"-4(3&'(:),$(,)+(
'"(:),$(!'"H1+3$(Y")(-'$I()UH)1+'1I)3H)4(I$-(:'1("I$(M'1%$(+3H)13$()('#",H$4(
$!I+1P5),()(+3)MP5),4(':)1$I(3'-(#'1$%W)-(S"I$3'-(3&'($:)3$-(1)5),$%W)-4(
I$-(H$I0dI($(0'$(5'3H$!)\(hXbfDkCEJf4(B<<94(C4(7t4(:6(7><l6(
G)--)(I'!'4(:'!)=-)(!+A)1(Y")($(#'3#):%&'(!)(C,"I+3$%&'(G+5+3$(
#'3-H+H"+"=-)( )I( I)HPM'1$( :)1M)+H$( !$( )!"#$%&'( #1+-H&4( 3$( I)!+!$( )I(
Y")()U:,+#$5$('-(+3H)1)--)-(#1+-H&'-()(3),)-(-)()3Y"$!1$5$(hp GfEGfq(
jXDLXjXD4( B<<gl6( L'1( )--)( I'H+5'4( )I( D)1IW)-4( D$3H'( XO'-H+3S'(
+3-+-H+$()I(-"$()U'1H$%&'Q([r666s(H'!'(3'--'()-M'1%'4(+1I&'-4(3)-H$(5+!$(SP(!)(
#'3-+-H+1()I(#"1$1('(',S'(!'(#'1$%&'(#'I(Y")(5m($(G)"-\(hXbfDkCEJf4(
B<9>4(99Qt4(:6(t8;l6
CI:'1H$( ,)I01$1( Y")( $( k)'1+$( !$( C,"I+3$%&'( G+5+3$( )-H1+0$=
-)4(Y")1(3'(-)"(-)3H+!'(I$+-()-H1+H'(Y")1(3'(-)"(-)3H+!'(I$+-($I:,'4(3'(
 !"#$%&'()(*+,'-'.$(/0)1,23!+$4(56(784(36(894(:6(8;<=8>84(?",6@!)A6(7;B;6(CDDE(;B;7=F9;B 427

#'3S)#+I)3H'(1$#+'3$,4(#'I(0$-)(3'(M$H'(!)(Y")(D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'(-)(:1':u-(
$(1)V)H+1(-'01)("I(#'3S)#+I)3H'(O3'-+',KO+#'(:'-H",$3H)(!)(!'+-(#$I+3S'-(
!+M)1)3#+$!'-(:$1$(-)(#S)O$1(Z(1)$,+!$!)()(Z(5)1!$!)(hXbfDkCEJf4(B<9F4(
B7;Q74(:6(8g>l6
Dessa perspectiva a iluminação não pressupunha a passividade
!$( I)3H)( 3'( )U)1#n#+'( +3H),)#H+5'4( $( )U)I:,'( !)( "I$( H'H$,( #'3#)--&'(
do conhecimento por parte de Deus. A necessidade do ato intelectivo
)U:,+#$5$=-)(:),'(M$H'(!)(Y")($(+,"I+3$%&'(!+5+3$(3&'(,+Y"+!$5$($($%&'(!$(
5'3H$!)(S"I$3$4(3)I('()U)1#n#+'(!$(-"$(#'3!+%&'4(#'I'(#$"-$(-)O"3!$(
3)--)(:1'#)--'(hXbfDkCEJf4(B<t94(B7;Q7l6
C-H'(:'-H'4(!)5+$=-)(H)1()I(#'3H$('(#'3S)#+I)3H'(1)M)1)3H)($'-(-)1)-(
I$H)1+$+-4(:1)-)3H)-('"(+I$O+3$!'-4($#)--n5)+-($'(S'I)I(:),'-(-)3H+!'-()('(
1)M)1)3H)(Z-(+!)+$-(5+$0+,+A$!$-(:),$-(:$1H)-(I$+-(),)5$!$-(!$($,I$4([I)3H)\(
'"(+3H),+Om3#+$6(X:)-$1(!$-(!+M)1)3%$-(Y")(:$1H+#",$1+A$I()(-):$1$I()--$-(
I$3+M)-H$%W)-(!'(#'3S)#+I)3H'4()-H$-($--"I)I(5$,'1)-()(2I0+H'-(:1K:1+'-(
!)( $:,+#$%&'( hp GfEGfq( jXDLXjXD4( B<<gl4( #'3M'1I)( M'+( )U:,+#$!'(
)I(X(k1+3!$!)Q([j'3O)(!)(3K-4(H$I0dI4(!"5+!$1(!$(5)1!$!)(Y")(3'-(5)I(
:),'-( -)3H+!'-( #'1:'1$+-6( L'1( I)+'( !),)-4( $H)-H$I'-( $( )U+-Hm3#+$( !'( #d"(
)( !$( H)11$( )( !)( H"!'( '( I$+-( Y")( ),)-( #'3HmI4( 3$( I)!+!$( )I( Y")( $Y"),)(
Y")( 3'-( #1+'"( $( 3K-( )( $( ),)-4( Y"+-( Y")( !),)-( H+5d--)I'-( #'3S)#+I)3H'\(
hXbfDkCEJf4(7;;tQ(ve4(B7Q7B4(:6(tB7l6
Uma orientação nesse mesmo sentido também apareceu em A
#+!$!)(!)(G)"-Q([]1m(3'-(-)3H+!'-4(Y")(I$3+M)-H$I($-(1)$,+!$!)-()5+!)3H)-4(
)(!),)-(-)15)=-)($($,I$4(:'1(+3H)1Id!+'(!'(#'1:'4(:'+-(d(I$+-(I+-)1P5),('(
)3O$3'(!)(Y")I(:)3-$(Y")(3"3#$(-)(,S)-(!)5)(Md\(hXbfDkCEJf4(7;;>4(
B<4(veCCC4(:6(8;<l6
D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'( 3&'( 3)O$5$( $( 1)$,+!$!)( !'-( 0)3-( +3M)1+'1)-4( I$-(
#'3-+!)1$5$( Y")( 0$-H$5$( '"5+=,'-( hNXppf/4( B<tgl( :$1$( )3H)3!m=,'-( )(
"H+,+AP=,'-()I(M$5'1(!)("I(0)I(I$+'16(C--'(3&'(+I:,+#$5$(#'3-+!)1$1(Y")('(
#'3S)#+I)3H'(-)3-n5),(#$1)#+$(!)(5$,'14(I)-I'(Y")(-)"(I'H'1(M'--)I(#'+-$-(
!)( I)3'1( +I:'1H23#+$( Y"$3!'( #'I:$1$!$-( $'( #'3S)#+I)3H'( 1$#+'3$,6( L'1(
'"H1'(,$!'4()I(^,H+I$(+3-H23#+$4()--$-(I$3+M)-H$%W)-(!'(#'3S)#+I)3H'()1$I(
'1+O+3P1+$-(!)(G)"-4('(Y")(3&'($"H'1+A$5$()-Y")#)1(Y")($(+3H)15)3%&'@$%&'(
!+5+3$(M$A+$=-)(+I)!+$H$4(!+1)H$4()M)H+5$()()5+!)3H)(3$(:1'!"%&'(!$-(+!)+$-6(
N)-I'( $--+I4( :$1$( D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'4( 3&'( -)( :'!+$( 3)O$1( Y")( '(
428 !"#$%&'()(*+,'-'.$(/0)1,23!+$4(56(784(36(894(:6(8;<=8>84(?",6@!)A6(7;B;6(CDDE(;B;7=F9;B

conhecimento promovido pelos sentidos possibilitava ao homem descobrir

'(I"3!'(Y")('(#)1#$5$(()4($--+I4(3),)()3#'3H1$1(H$I0dI(G)"-4(Y")(,S)(
M$#",H'"(3&'(-K(#'3S)#)1(-"$(#1+$%&'4(I$-(H$I0dI()U:)1+I)3HP=,$()(!),$(
!+-:'1(hp GfEGfq(jXDLXjXD4(B<<gl4(#'3M'1I)('(Y")(-)()-:)1$5$(!'(
homem cristão.
G)(I'!'(O)1$,4(H'!$($(I'1$,4(#'3M'1I)(D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'4(#)3H1$5$=
-)()I(!+-H+3O"+1('(Y")(-)()-H$0),)#)"(#'I'([O'A$1\()(["H+,+A$1\6(L$1$(),)4(
$:)3$-( )I( G)"-4( 0)I( -":1)I'( )( .I( ^,H+I'4( )1$( M$#",H$!'( [1):'"-$1\(
)( [O'A$1\q( 3'( 1)M)1)3H)( $'-( !)I$+-4( #$0+$( -'I)3H)( [!+-:'1\( )( ["H+,+A$1\(
$( O"+-$( !)( +3-H1"I)3H'-4( !)( I)+'-( -"?)+H'-( $'( .I( hNXppf/4( B<tgl6(
L'1H$3H'4( 3&'( -)( H1$H$( !$( 3)O$%&'( !'-( 0)3-( )( :1$A)1)-( 'M)1)#+!'-( :),'(
I"3!'4( I$-( !$( -"$( -":)1$%&'6( T( M$#",H$!'4( -+I4( M$A)1( "-'( !'-( 0)3-( :'1(
),)( 'M)1)#+!'-4( I$-( 3&'( 3'( -)3H+!'( !'( [:1$A)1\4( '"( -)?$4( #'I'( .3-( )I(
-+(I)-I'-4(?P(Y")(-&'()MmI)1'-()(:$--$O)+1'-4(-)?$()I(-"$(!"1$%&'(-)?$(
)I(-"$(Y"$,+!$!)(hNfp D]JCECq(Efp jjC4(7;;;l6( I(#'3H1$:$1H+!$4(
D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'( 3&'( !)+U'"( !^5+!$-( Y"$3H'( Z( :)1#):%&'( !'( +3H),+On5),Q(
M$A+$=-)(3)#)--P1+'(#'3H$1(#'I("I$()-:)#+$,($?"!$(!+5+3$4(I$3+M)-H$(:'1(
"I$(,"A(Y")(+,"I+3$5$($(+3H),+Om3#+$(S"I$3$6
X(C,"I+3$%&'(!+A+$(1)-:)+H'(Z(3$H"1)A$(!+5)1-$(!'-(#'3S)#+I)3H'-4(
-)3-n5),( )( 1$#+'3$,4( I'H+5'( :),'( Y"$,( !)-H$#'"( $( -":)1+'1+!$!)( !'(
conhecimento com base na racionalidade.
(]'I($(k)'1+$(!$(C,"I+3$%&'4($,dI(!)(!+M)1)3#+$1('(#'3S)#+I)3H'(
-)3-n5),(!'(1$#+'3$,4('(Y")(D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'(0"-#'"(M'+()5+!)3#+$1($(1$!+#$,4(
pródiga e especial dependência da inteligência humana em relação a Deus.
D"$( )U'1H$%&'( 3)--$( !+1)%&'4( )I( "I$( !)( -"$-( ]$1H$-4( M'+( #'3H"3!)3H)Q(
[G)3H1'(!)(3K-(H)I'-("I$(-$0)!'1+$(Y")(d("I(!'I(!$(k1+3!$!)6(r666s(JP(
!)3H1'(!)(3K-("I(1)-:,)3!'1(!$(k1+3!$!)4(Y")(#S$I$I'-(3'--$(-$0)!'1+$\(
hXbfDkCEJf4(B<9F4(B7;Q74(:6(<;Bl6(
Orientação semelhante a essa também pode ser encontrada em A
#+!$!)(!)(G)"-4('3!)(),)(,)I01'"($-(O1$%$-(Y")(-&'($-(1)$,+A$%W)-(!+5+3$-4(
bem como a faculdade concedida ao homem de desfrutar desses bens:
[G)"-4(Y")(3&'($:)3$-(M)A('(I"3!'(5+-n5),4(#'I(M1)Y"m3#+$(!)3'I+3$!'(
H)11$()(#d"4(I$-(H$I0dI()I($0-',"H'(H'!$($,I$6(*)A(H$I0dI($($,I$(1$#+'3$,(
)(+3H),)#H"$,4(#'I'($($,I$(S"I$3$4(0)I=$5)3H"1$!$(:'1(:$1H+#+:$1=,S)(!$(
,"A(+3#'I"HP5),()(+3#'1:K1)$\(hXbfDkCEJf4(7;;>4(eCCC4(B4(:6(>;B=>;7l6
 !"#$%&'()(*+,'-'.$(/0)1,23!+$4(56(784(36(894(:6(8;<=8>84(?",6@!)A6(7;B;6(CDDE(;B;7=F9;B 429

I( -"$( !+I)3-&'( [+3H),)#H"$,\( )( I)-I'( !'( :'3H'( !)( 5+-H$(

[)U+-H)3#+$,\4( '( S'I)I4( -)O"3!'( D$3H'( XO'-H+3S'4( d( #1+$H"1$( !)( G)"-4(
:1'!"H'()(1)-",H$!'(!'(-)"($I'1()(!$(-"$(1$A&'4(:'1H$3H'(d(-"$(#1+$H"1$(!+,)H$6(
I( M$#)( !+--'4( :$1$( ),)4( '( S'I)I( H+3S$( '( !+1)+H'( O$1$3H+!'( !)(
#'3H)I:,$1=-)4( $!I+1$1=-)( )( $,)O1$1=-)( :),$( -"$( +3H),+Om3#+$4( #'3!+%&'(
:1)#n:"$( !)( -"$( #'I:1))3-&'( )( !+-#)13+I)3H'4( !)( -"$( 5'3H$!)( !)( -)(
$:)1M)+%'$1( )( 0"-#$1( '( -)"( ]1+$!'16( E'( )3H$3H'4( ),)( !)5)1+$( 1)#'3S)#)14(
$#)+H$1()(-"0I)H)1=-)(Z(1)$,+!$!)(!)(Y")()--$(+3H),+Om3#+$(3&'(,S)(:)1H)3#+$4(
I$-(,S)(M'1$(!$!$(:'1()I:1d-H+I'6(T('(Y")('($"H'1(,)I01$(3'-(k1$H$!'-(
-'01)( '( 5$3O),S'( !)( D&'( y'&'Q( [f( S'I)I(:'!)( !+A)1(H$I0dI(Y")( ),)(
H)I($O'1$($(,"A(3'-(',S'-6(x")(H'I)I4(:'+-4($(:$,$51$(-)"-(',S'-()(!+O$I(
-)(:'!)IQ(EK-(H)I'-(,"A(!)(3K-(I)-I'-q()(-)(,S)-($:'1PQ(E&'(M$,$I(#'I(
:1':1+)!$!)(Y"$3!'(!+A)I4(k)I'-(,"A(!)(3K-6(kmI(,"A4(I$-(d($(,"A(Y")(,S)(
5)I(!'(#d"\(hXbfDkCEJf4(7;;t4(vCv4(BB4(:6(88;l6
k'I$!$()I(-)"()UH1)I'4($(k)'1+$(!$(C,"I+3$%&'(#1+$($-(#'3!+%W)-(
:$1$( $( 3)O$%&'( !'( 5$,'1( )( !$( $"H'3'I+$( !$( 1$A&'( S"I$3$6( L$1$( D$3H'(
XO'-H+3S'4()-H$(!)5)1+$(-)(!)+U$1(,)5$1(:),'(#'3S)#+I)3H'(!+5+3'4('(Y")(
-)( H'13$( 0$-H$3H)( #,$1'( Y"$3!'( -)( #'3-+!)1$( -)"( )3H)3!+I)3H'( !)( Y")( $(
)!"#$%&'( )1$( "I( :1'#)--'( !)( -$3H+.#$%&'( Y")( #'3!"A+1+$( '( S'I)I( Z(
plenitude em Deus.
I(D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'4(3'()3H$3H'4(3&'(-)(H1$H$5$($:)3$-(!)($:'3H$1(
'-( ,+I+H)-( !$( #$:$#+!$!)( !$( [I)3H)\( S"I$3$( :$1$( #S)O$1( Z( 5)1!$!)( :'1(
-)"-(:1K:1+'-(I)+'-q(),)($:'3H$5$(H$I0dI('-(,+I+H)-(!$(,+3O"$O)I(S"I$3$(
para conter e expressar essa mesma verdade. Sua preocupação com o
:1'0,)I$(!$()U:1)--&'(S"I$3$4(!$(:$,$51$(#'I'([-+O3'\(!$-(#'+-$-4('"(
-)?$4( !$( 1),$%&'( )U+-H)3H)( )3H1)( $( :$,$51$( )( $( #'+-$4( H)5)( #'I'( :'3H'( !)(
:$1H+!$($()U)O)-)(!)("I(5)1-'(!)(e+1On,+'6(X:K-(,'3O$(1)V)U&'4(),)(#S)O'"(
Z(#'3#,"-&'(!)(Y")(#)1H'-(#'3#)+H'-4($()U)I:,'(!'(5)1!$!)+1'4(!'(0'I()(!'(
?"-H'4(3&'()1$I()3-+3$!'-(:),$-(:$,$51$-4(:'1Y")('(+3!+5n!"'(3&'(:'!)1+$(
)3H)3!m=,'-(-)(3&'('-(H+5)--)()I(-+6(f"(-)?$4(3&'(:'!)1+$(-)1(+3-H1"n!'(:),$(
M$,$(!'()UH)1+'14(I$-(:),$(!'(+3H)1+'14(Y")(-)1+$(]1+-H'4('(5)1!$!)+1'(I)-H1)4(
$(+I"HP5),()()H)13$(-$0)!'1+$(!)(G)"-(hNfp D]JCq(Efp jjC4(7;;;l6(
X-( :$,$51$-( "H+,+A$!$-( :),'( I)-H1)( 3'( )3-+3'( !$-( !+-#+:,+3$-4( I)-I'( $-(
1),$#+'3$!$-(Z(5+1H"!)()(Z(-$0)!'1+$4(H+3S$I(:'1(.I(,)5$1('-(!+-#n:",'-($(
)U$I+3$1(:'1(-+(I)-I'-('(Y")(,S)-(M'+(:$--$!'()($(1)V)H+1(-'01)($-(5)1!$!)-(
430 !"#$%&'()(*+,'-'.$(/0)1,23!+$4(56(784(36(894(:6(8;<=8>84(?",6@!)A6(7;B;6(CDDE(;B;7=F9;B

#'3H+!$-(3$($,I$4(:'--+0+,+H$!$-(:),$(#'3H)I:,$%&'(+3H)1+'16(
f-( I)-H1)-4( 3$( 5)1!$!)4( 3$!$( )3-+3$5$I4( I$-( :1'5'#$5$I4(
)-H+I",$5$I( '-( !+-#n:",'-( $( 0"-#$1( '( #'3S)#+I)3H'4( '"( -)?$4( -)O"3!'(
)--$(H)-)4(:'1(I)+'(!$(M$,$(:1':1+$I)3H)(!+H$4('(!+-#n:",'(3$!$($:1)3!+$(
!'(I)-H1)4('"(I),S'14()-H)(3$!$()3-+3$5$($'(-)"(!+-#n:",'q(:'!+$(-'I)3H)(
+3#+HP=,'( $( 0"-#$14( )I( -)"( +3H)1+'14( $( 5)1!$!)( )H)13$( )( +I"HP5),4( '"( -)?$4(
!)-#'01+=,$(:'1(I)+'(!$(+3H)1+'1+A$%&'6(]$-'(M'--)(#1+$!$4(3&'(-)1+$()H)13$4(
I$-(H)I:'1$,()(I"HP5),q(!)('"H1$(M'1I$4(-)1+$("I(!)-#'01+I)3H'(1)$,+A$!'(
:),'-([',S'-(!$($,I$\6(
X( I+--&'( !'( I)-H1)( 3&'( )1$( "I$( H$1)M$( #1+$H+5$q( :),'( #'3H1P1+'4(
:'1(-)1("I(H1$!"H'1()(H1$3-I+--'1(!$(5)1!$!)(!+5+3$4(#$0+$=,S)(H1$!"A+1($(
:$,$51$(+3H)1+'1(o(Y")(d(-+O3'(!$(:$,$51$(!+5+3$(o()I("I(H+:'(!)(,+3O"$O)I(
Y")(M$#+,+H$--)($'-(-)3H+!'-(!'(!+-#n:",'(#$:H$1($(I)3-$O)I(-$O1$!$6
G$(:)1-:)#H+5$($O'-H+3+$3$(3)I(H'!'-()1$I(#$:$A)-(!)(:1'#)!)1(Z(
+3H)11'O$%&'(!$($,I$4(0)I(#'I'(!)(#'3-",H$1(-"$(,"A(+3H)1+'16(E)--)(#$-'4(
)1$( 3)#)--P1+'( $?"!P=,'-4( +3H)11'OP=,'-( hi jjCEfkkf4( B<FFl6(X--+I4( $(
#'3H)I:,$%&'(!$-(#'+-$-()(!'-('0?)H'-(-)(5+$0+,+A$5$(:'1(I)+'(!'([',S'(
!$( $,I$\6( XY"),)( Y")( +3H)11'O$5$( 3$!$( )3-+3$5$4( ?P( Y")( )--$( )1$( "I$(
faculdade do mestre interior.
L'1( I)+'( !$( :$,$51$4( '( I)-H1)( S"I$3'( )U:1)--$5$( $( 5)1!$!)(
)U+-H)3H)( 3'( )-:n1+H'( !'( !+-#n:",'4( Y")( :'!+$( )-#"H$1( )( )3H)3!)1( :'1Y")(
5+$(:),'([',S'(!$($,I$\4(M$A)3!'=-)(!+-#n:",'(!$(5)1!$!)6(XO'-H+3S'(3&'(
!)-#'3-+!)1$5$( $( :'--+0+,+!$!)( !)( '( I)-H1)4( $'( M$,$14( !)-#'3S)#)1( )( 3&'(
5)1(3'(+3H)1+'1(!$(-"$($,I$($(5)1!$!)(o(!+A+$('(Y")(3&'()1$(5)1!$!)+1'(:'1(
+O3'1$1($(5)1!$!)(o4(I$-($Y"),)(Y")('('"5+$(:'!+$(5)1(-)"(:1K:1+'(+3H)1+'1(
)(#'3S)#)1($(5)1!$!)6(L),$-(I)-I$-(:$,$51$-4('(:1+I)+1'()U:1)--$5$('(Y")(
-)(#'3-+!)1$5$(M$,-'()('(-)O"3!'(#'3H)I:,$5$('(5)1!$!)+1'4(:'1(I)+'(!'(
I)-H1)(+3H)1+'16(f-(!+--+I",$!'-()(I)3H+1'-'-(I'-H1$5$I4($'(M$,$14(Y")($-(
:$,$51$-(H$3H'()3-+3$5$I(Y"$3H'(:'!+$I()-#'3!)1($(5)1!$!)6(f(Y")(M$,$5$(
)U:1)--$5$('(Y")(:)3-$5$()('(Y")()-#"H$5$()3H)3!+$($(5)1!$!)q(:'1H$3H'4(
$-(:$,$51$-(3&'(-+O3+.#$5$I(:$1$('-(!'+-($(I)-I$(#'+-$(hXbfDkCEJf4(
B<9;04(vCC4(8;()(vCCC4(8>4(:6(>7;=>7Bl6
f($"Hm3H+#'(I)-H1)(3&'()1$('(Y")()U:,+#$5$()(-)()U:1)--$5$(:),$-(:$,$51$-4(
I$-(]1+-H'(Y")(S$0+H$5$(3'(:1K:1+'(S'I)I4('(Y"$,4(:'1(-"$(5)A4(#'3H)I:,$5$='(
:$1$(#S)O$1(Z(5)1!$!)(hXbfkCEJf4(B<9;04(vCe4(8t=8F4(:6>7>=>78l6
 !"#$%&'()(*+,'-'.$(/0)1,23!+$4(56(784(36(894(:6(8;<=8>84(?",6@!)A6(7;B;6(CDDE(;B;7=F9;B 431

G)( $#'1!'( #'I( $( #'3#):%&'( #'3H+!$( )I( X( 5)1!$!)+1$( 1),+O+&'4(

XO'-H+3S'(1)#'3S)#+$()(:1'#"1$5$(#'35)3#)1('-(S'I)3-(!)(Y")('(^3+#'(
I)-H1)( !$( 5)1!$!)( )1$( G)"-q( :$1$( $,dI( !` ,)4( 3$!$( $#'3H)#+$4( 3$!$(
-)( 1)$,+A$5$( 3'( M)3uI)3'( )!"#$H+5'4( ?P( Y")( '( :$:),( !'( I)-H1)( )1$( !)(
#'$!?"5$3H)6(G$(I)-I$(I$3)+1$(Y")($(+3H),+Om3#+$(1)#)0+$(+3V"U'-(!$(,"A(
!+5+3$4($(,+3O"$O)I()1$(-"0-H+H"n!$(:),$(:$,$51$(!)(G)"-(hXbfDkCEJf4(
B<984(799Qt4(:6(B8B=B87l6
E'()3H$3H'4(#'I'(3'(I"3!'(!'-(S'I)3-('(#'3S)#+I)3H'(!$(:$,$51$(
!+5+3$(:$--$5$(:),$(,+3O"$O)I(S"I$3$4(XO'-H+3S'(#'3-+!)1$5$(Y")(O1$%$-(
Z()U+-Hm3#+$()(Z().#P#+$(!$(:$,$51$()UH)1+'1($(:$,$51$(+3H)1+'1(3&'(.#$5$(
)-Hd1+,( )( 1)#',S+!$( 3'( #'1$%&'( !'-( S'I)3-( hi jjCEfkkf4( B<FFl4( -)I(
conduzir ao aperfeiçoamento do homem cristão.
(]'I( $( #'I0+3$%&'( !)--)-( :1)--":'-H'-( o( :'1( "I( ,$!'4( $(
+I:)1M)+%&'(!$(I)3H)(S"I$3$()4(:'1('"H1'4($(,+I+H$%&'(!$(-"$(,+3O"$O)I(o(
a conclusão agostiniana foi natural: não existia autonomia no magistério e
3'()3-+3'(:1$H+#$!'(:),'(S'I)I6(X,dI(!+--'4(:$1$(),)4($()!"#$%&'()I(-"$(
:,)3+H"!)(1)$,+A$5$=-)(Z(I$1O)I(!$-(Hd#3+#$-(#'I"3-()($#)+H$-(3$(H)3H$H+5$(
da sua efetivação.
I( -"I$4( $( )--)3#+$,+!$!)( !$( )!"#$%&'4( )I( D$3H'( XO'-H+3S'4(
1)-+!+$(3$(#'3-",H$(+3H)1+'1(hXbfDkCEJf4(BBQ>94(:6(>B<l4(,"O$1()I(Y")(
G)"-( d( Y")I( 5)1!$!)+1$I)3H)( +3-H1"+( '-( I)-H1)-( )( -)"-( -+O3'-( H)1+$I( $(
M"3%&'(!)(M$A)1(#'I(Y")('(S'I)I(-)(5',H$--)(:$1$( ,)(+3H)1+'1I)3H)(:$1$(
receber o seu ensinamento.
X--+I4(D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'4()I(,"O$1(!)(3)O$1($(M"3%&'(:'-+H+5$(!'(
)3-+3'( S"I$3'4( !)-#'01)( '( +I)3-'( :$3'1$I$( !$( #'I"3+#$%&'( !)( G)"-(
#'I('(S'I)I6(f(5)10'(3&'(d(-'I)3H)(!'#)3H)4(I$-(H$I0dI()!"#$!'1()(
I)-H1)Q()3-+3$4()!"#$4(O"+$('(S'I)I(:),'(#$I+3S'(!$(#+m3#+$4(!$(-$0)!'1+$(
)(:$1$('(-":1)I'(0)I(hp GfEGfq(jXDLXjXD4(B<<gl6
E)--$-(1)V)UW)-4(D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'(!)M)3!+$($(H)-)(!$(+3H)15)3%&'(
)( !$( $%&'( !)( ]1+-H'( 3$( 5+!$( !'( S'I)I4( !$( -"$( #'3!+%&'( !)( ^3+#$( 5+$(
-)O"1$(:$1$(-)(#S)O$1($(G)"-4(!)(^3+#'(I)!+$!'1()(I)-H1)(!$(S"I$3+!$!)(
hXbfDkCEJf4(7;;>4(BBQ74(:6(7;=7Bl6
*+#$(#,$1'(Y")4(:$1$(D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'4($()!"#$%&'()1$("I(:1'#)--'(
!)(-$3H+.#$%&'4(!)(),)5$%&'(!'(S'I)I($(G)"-4(!)($--+I+,$1=-)($( ,)4(!)(
-)( :"1+.#$14( )-M'1%$3!'=-)( :$1$( -)1( :)1M)+H'( #'I'( ,)( hLTLCE4( B<9>l6(
432 !"#$%&'()(*+,'-'.$(/0)1,23!+$4(56(784(36(894(:6(8;<=8>84(?",6@!)A6(7;B;6(CDDE(;B;7=F9;B

]'I(0$-)(3)--$(#'3#):%&'4($('#":$%&'(!'(+3H)1+'1(!'(S'I)I(:'1(G)"-(
favorecia sua ação no mundo.
--$( ,"H$( :),$( M'1I$%&'( S"I$3$4( 1),$#+'3$!$( Z( -"$( ,"H$( :),'(
#1+-H+$3+-I'4(1)V)H)('(-)"(Om3+'()-:)#",$H+5'()(5+-+'3P1+'(Y")4()-:)#+$,I)3H)(
3'()I0$H)(#'I('-(#+-IPH+#'-(!'3$H+-H$-4(H'I'"(!+I)3-W)-()($-:)#H'-(Y")(
:1)3"3#+$1$I($(C!$!)(Nd!+$6
G$(I)-I$(I$3)+1$4(3$(0$H$,S$(Y")(!)-)35',5)"(#'I'('-(:),$O+$3'-(
$0'1!'"($,O"I$-(:1'0,)IPH+#$-(Y")($()U)I:,'(!$(-$,5$%&'4(O1$%$4(,+51)=
$10nH1+'4(:1'5'#$1$I($-(!+-#"--W)-()M)15)-#)3H)-()($#$,'1$!$-(!'-(-d#",'-(
-)O"+3H)-6( L'1( )--)( I'H+5'4( $H1+0"+=-)( $( D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'( $( #'3!+%&'( !)(
1):1)-)3H$3H)(!)(!"$-(d:'#$-4(#"?'(-+O3+.#$H+5'(!+5+-'1(!)(PO"$-(M'+('($3'(
8B;4($3'(!'(-$Y")(!)(p'I$(:),'-(O'!'-6(
X'(-)(#'3-+!)1$1(Y")($(M'1I$%&'(#",H"1$,($O'-H+3+$3$(M'+($(!)("I(
#1+-H&'( !'( -d#",'( Ce4( H$I0dI( -)( M$A( 3)#)--P1+'( '0-)15$1( Y")( -"$-( '01$-(
)( #'3#):%W)-( H)',KO+#$-( )( .-+',KO+#$-( I$+-( +I:'1H$3H)-( !$( ^,H+I$( M$-)(
apontavam para os séculos seguintes.
L'!)=-)( +3M)1+1( Y")( $( H1$3-+%&'( S+-HK1+#$4( 1)-:'3-P5),( :),$(
instabilidade e pela dolorosa e sofrida conscientização da precariedade do
I"3!'4($(:'3H'(!)('(S'I)I()"1':)"(3&'(-)(#'3-+!)1$1('"(-)3H+1(#+!$!&'(
!$( 5),S$( '1!)I4( #"?'( !)-I'1'3$I)3H'( !)-#'1H+3$5$=-)( :$1$( H'!'-4( M'+(
-)3H+!$( )( '0-)15$!$( :'1( D$3H'( XO'-H+3S'( hNfp D]JCECq( Efp jjC4(
7;;;l4(#'3M'1I)(+3!+#$I(-"$-(1)V)UW)-6(
D"$( +3V"m3#+$( 3&'( -)( ,+I+H'"( $( )--)-( !'+-( :)1n'!'-( #'3V+H$3H)-4(
mas avançou pelos séculos posteriores modelando o comportamento dos
S'I)3-6(*'+(-":)1$!$4(:$1$($,O"3-()-H"!+'-'-4(-'I)3H)($'(,'3O'(!'(-d#",'(
vCCC4(#'I('(-"1O+I)3H'(!$-(O1$3!)-(:1'!"%W)-(+3H),)#H"$+-(!$()-#',P-H+#$6(
f( 5+O'1( !'( :)3-$I)3H'( $O'-H+3+$3'( M'+( 1)#":)1$!'( 3$( C!$!)( N'!)13$4(
Y"$3!'(:$--'"($('#":$1(,"O$1(!)(!)-H$Y")(3$-(!+-#"--W)-(!)-)3#$!)$!$-(
:),$( p)M'1I$( L1'H)-H$3H)4( Y")( '( H'I'"( #'I'( :'3H'( !)( 1)M)1m3#+$( :$1$(
-"$-(1)V)UW)-()($%W)-6(G)-H$Y")(H$I0dI(H)5)(3'(-d#",'(veCC4(:$,#'(!)(
G)-#$1H)-4( !'( 1$#+'3$,+-I'( )( !'( )I:+1+-I'( hbCj D4( 7;;;lQ( -"$-( '01$-(
M'1$I( )!+H$!$-( #"+!$!'-$I)3H)4( M'I)3H$3!'( 3'5$-( )( -+O3+.#$H+5$-(
discussões relacionadas ao pensar da modernidade.
X--+I4( D$3H'( XO'-H+3S'( H'13'"=-)( '( 1)M)1)3#+$,( !$( #1+-H$3!$!)4(
'( Y")( ,S)( 5$,)"( '( HnH",'( !)( [N)-H1)( !'( f#+!)3H)\6( L$1$( I"+H'-( !)( -)"-(
 !"#$%&'()(*+,'-'.$(/0)1,23!+$4(56(784(36(894(:6(8;<=8>84(?",6@!)A6(7;B;6(CDDE(;B;7=F9;B 433

)-H"!+'-'-4(-"$(+I:'1H23#+$(-)(H'13$(H$3H'(I$+-()5+!)3H)(Y"$3H'4($:K-(-"$(
I'1H)4(#'I)%'"($('#'11)1($([$O'-H+3+A$%&'`(!'(f#+!)3H)6(D"$(+3V"m3#+$(d(
$,+(:)1#):Hn5),4(-)?$(:),$-(,)+H"1$-(Y")(-)(M$A(!)(-"$-('01$-4(!$-(!+-#"--W)-(
Y")($+3!$(:1'5'#$4(-)?$(:),'(M$H'(!)(-)1(+I+H$!'(hJXNNXE4(B<9;l6(XHd(
:'1( +--'4( ),)( [$:$1)#)( #'I'( '( :'1H$=5'A( !$( I$+-( #'3-H$3H)( )( $"H)3H+#$(
H1$!+%&'(#1+-H&\(hNXppf/4(B<tg4(:6(ttl6
D)O"3!'( '( I)-I'( J)31+( N$11'"4( 3+3O"dI( #'3H1+0"+"( H$3H'(
#'I'( D$3H'( XO'-H+3S'( :$1$( '( :1'O1)--'( !'( #'3S)#+I)3H'( !'( S'I)I4(
)-:)#+$,I)3H)( $( 1)-:)+H'( !'( Y")( )-H)( :'--"+( !)( I$+-( +3H)1+'14( !)( I$+-(
)--)3#+$,6( E)--$( !+1)%&'4( -'01)--$)I( -"$-( ]'3.--W)-4( 3$-( Y"$+-( I)1)#)(
:$1H+#",$1( !)-H$Y")( "I( !)( -)"-( H)UH'-( I$+-( )U:1)--+5'-( 3)--)( -)3H+!'Q(
[3$!$(I$+-(M$A+$(-)3&'(-"O$1('-(:)+H'-4(-$0'1)$1('(:1$A)1(r666s6( I(-)O"+!$(
#'I)#)+(H$I0dI($(1+1\(hXbfDkCEJf4(C4(F4gQ94(:6(B7=B>l6( --$(M1$-)(,$:+!$1(
aponta a precisão e a profundidade da dimensão psicológica de seu olhar na
volta ao passado: foi preciso o aparecimento de Freud e da psicanálise para
-)( #'I:1))3!)1( )( 5$,'1+A$1( '( #'3H)^!'( !)--$-( #'3-+!)1$%W)-( 3'( Y")( !+A(
1)-:)+H'(Z(5+!$(:1d=3$H$,4(Z(#'3!+%&'(:',+I'1M$(!$(#1+$3%$()(Z(:1'M"3!+!$!)(
de determinados traumatismos.
X(1+O'14('(Om3+'(-+3HdH+#'(!)(D$3H'(XO'-H+3S'(#'3H1+0"+"()M)H+5$I)3H)(
:$1$( S$1I'3+A$14( )I( "I( #'1:'( !'"H1+3P1+'4( '-( ),)I)3H'-( $--+I+,P5)+-( !$(
.,'-'.$( #,P--+#$( )( '-( M1$OI)3H'-( !'-( :$!1)-( #1+-H&'-( Y")( '( $3H)#)!)1$I6(
,)( ),$0'1'"( "I( 5$-H'( -+-H)I$( !)( I)H$Mn-+#$( #1+-H&4( #"?$( +3V"m3#+$4(
+3)O$5),I)3H)4(:)1!"1$($Hd(3'--'-(!+$-6

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NdU+#'Q(*] 4(B<F<6
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. Solilóquios. D&'(L$",'Q(L$","-4(B<<9$6(
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bCj D4(kS'I$-(p'3-'I6(Jerusalém e Atenas6(D&'(L$",'Q( L/4(7;;;6
JXNNXE4(X6(Os Padres da Igreja.(D&'(L$",'Q( !+%W)-(L$",+3$-4(B<9;6
NXppf/4( J)31+6( Santo Agostinho e o agostinianismo. Rio de Janeiro:
XbCp( !+H'1$4(B<tg6
Nfp D]JCEC4(],P"!+'q(Efp jjC4( 31+#'6(História da Literatura Cristã
Antiga Grega e Latina6(k'I'(CC6(D&'(L$",'Q( !+%W)-(j'_',$4(7;;;6
E/E D4( p"_6( História da Educação na Antiguidade Cristã.( D&'( L$",'4(
G/DL4(B<g96
LTLCE4( y)$36( D$3H'( XO'-H+3S'( )( $( L$H1n-H+#$( f#+!)3H$,Q( CEQ( ]J~k j k4(
François (org.). = $<"%"$1 3'/6'>1<9 5',676(p+'(!)(y$3)+1'Q($S$1( !+H'1)-4(B<9>6
p GfEGf4( I+,+'( |( jXDLXjXD6( História de la Educación. Edad
antigua. N$!1+!Q(G_c+3-'34(B<<g6

Data de registro: 27/07/09

Data de aceite: 27/11/09