Portugal

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Portuguese Republic
Rep�blica Portuguesa (Portuguese)
Flag of Portugal
Flag
Coat of arms of Portugal
Coat of arms
Anthem: "A Portuguesa"
MENU0:00
Location of Portugal (dark green)� in Europe (green & dark grey)� in the
European Union (green)
Location of Portugal (dark green)
� in Europe (green & dark grey)
� in the European Union (green)

Capital
and largest city Lisbon
38�46'N 9�9'W
Official languages Portuguese
Recognised regional languages Mirandese[a]
Ethnic groups (2011)
96.3% Portuguese
3.7% others
Religion (2011)
81.0% Roman Catholic
3.3% other Christians
0.6% other religion
6.8% no religion
8.3% undeclared
Demonym Portuguese
Government Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic[1]
� President
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
� Assembly President
Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues
� Prime Minister
Ant�nio Costa
Legislature Assembly of the Republic
Formation
� Foundation
868
� Re-founding
1095
� Sovereignty
24 June 1128
� Kingdom
26 July 1139
� Recognition
5 October 1143
� Papal recognition
23 May 1179
� Restoration
1 December 1640
� Republic
5 October 1910
� Democratization
25 April 1974
� Present Constitution
25 April 1976[b]
� EEC accession
1 January 1986
Area
� Total
92,212 km2 (35,603 sq mi)[2] (109th)
� Water (%)
0.5
Population
� 2017 estimate
10,291,027[3] (83rd)
� 2011 census
10,562,178[4]
� Density
111/km2 (287.5/sq mi) (97th)
GDP (PPP) 2018 estimate
� Total
$328.252 billion[5]
� Per capita
$31,965[5]
GDP (nominal) 2018 estimate
� Total
$279.771 billion[5]
� Per capita
$27,186[5]
Gini (2016) Positive decrease 33.5[6]
medium
HDI (2015) Increase 0.843[7]
very high � 41st
Currency Euro[c] (�) (EUR)
Time zone WET (UTC)
AZOT (UTC-1)
� Summer (DST)
WEST (UTC+1)
AZOST (UTC)
Note: Mainland Portugal and Madeira use WET/WEST, the Azores use AZOT/AZOST
Date format dd/mm/yyyy (CE)
Drives on the right
Calling code +351
ISO 3166 code PT
Internet TLD .pt
^ Mirandese, spoken in some villages of the municipality of Miranda do Douro, was
officially recognized in 1999 (Lei n.� 7/99 de 29 de Janeiro),[8] awarding it an
official right-of-use.[9] Portuguese Sign Language is also recognized.
^ Portuguese Constitution adopted in 1976 with several subsequent minor revisions,
between 1982 and 2005.
^ Before 2002, the escudo.
Portugal (Portuguese: [pu?tu'?a?]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese:
Rep�blica Portuguesa [??'pu�lik? pu?tu'?ez?]),[note 1] is a country located mostly
on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost country of
mainland Europe, bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the
north and east by Spain. Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of
the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional
governments. The capital and largest city is Lisbon, other major cities are Porto,
Braga, Aveiro, Faro and Coimbra.

Portugal is the oldest state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in
Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over
since prehistoric times. The Pre-Celts, Celts, Carthaginians and Romans were
followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples. Portugal as
a country was established during the Christian Reconquista against the Moors who
had invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 711 AD. Despite attempts at independence since
its foundation as a county in 868,[10] only after the Battle of S�o Mamede in 1128,
where Portuguese forces led by Afonso Henriques defeated forces led by his mother,
Theresa of Portugal, the County of Portugal affirmed its sovereignty and Afonso
Henriques styled himself Prince of Portugal. He would later be proclaimed King of
Portugal at the Battle of Ourique in 1139 and was recognised as such by
neighbouring kingdoms in 1143.[11]

In the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal established the first global empire,
becoming one of the world's major economic, political and military powers.[12][13]
[14] During this period, today referred to as the Age of Discovery, Portuguese
explorers pioneered maritime exploration, notably under royal patronage of Prince
Henry the Navigator and King John II, with such notable voyages as Bartolomeu Dias'
sailing beyond the Cape of Good Hope (1488), Vasco da Gama's discovery of the sea
route to India (1497�98) and the European discovery of Brazil (1500). During this
time, Portugal monopolized the spice trade, and the empire expanded with military
campaigns in Asia. However, events such as the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755
earthquake, the Seven Years' War, the country's occupation during the Napoleonic
Wars, and the independence of Brazil (1822), left Portugal crippled from war and
diminished in its world power.[15]

After the 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy, the democratic but unstable
Portuguese First Republic was established, later being superseded by the Estado
Novo right-wing authoritarian regime. Democracy was restored after the Carnation
Revolution in 1974, ending the Portuguese Colonial War. Shortly after, independence
was granted to almost all its overseas territories. The handover of Macau to China
in 1999 marked the end of what can be considered the longest-lived colonial empire.
[16] Portugal has left a profound cultural and architectural influence across the
globe, a legacy of 300 million Portuguese speakers, and many Portuguese-based
creoles. A member of the United Nations and the Europea