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DGU 2062
PIPING & INSTRUMENTATION
DIAGRAM
SYMBOLS IN PIPE FLOW DIAGRAM
BY : NOR HATINI BINTI BAHARIN
SESSION JUNE 2018

At the end of this session, students

should be able to : Equipment symbols
 Identify and name the symbols

Piping symbols
in flow diagram
 Sketch the right symbols of a OBJECTIVES SYMBOLS
flow diagram IN PIPE

Instrument symbols
 Explain the function the symbols FLOW
used in flow diagram
DIAGRAM

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Valves
It regulates, directs or controls the flow of a
fluid by opening, closing or partially obstructing
3 main services of valve passageways in a piping systems
 ON/OFF SERVICE

Valves  Ensure full flow when fully open & a leak free shut off
when fully closed
 ON/OFF SERVICE
It regulates, directs or  Ball valve, Plug valve, Wedge Gate valve,
 CONTROL SERVICE Diaphragm valve, Orbit valve
controls the flow of a
 CONTROL SERVICE
fluid by opening,  Able to control the flow of fluid through the valve
accordance with the requirement of the design. Able to
closing or partially
 Butterfly valve, Globe valve, Needle valve,
give a leak free shut-off when it is fully closed Angle valve, Choke valve
obstructing  ONE WAY SERVICE  ONE WAY SERVICE
passageways in a  Ensure the flow is maintained in only one direction. They  Check valve
piping systems should allow free flow in the direction required and a
 SPECIAL DUTIES
leak free shut off in the reverse direction
 Pressure Safety Valve / Pressure Relief
Valve , 3 Way Valve, 4 Way Valve

ON/OFF SERVICE VALVE

Name Symbol Description
ON/OFF SERVICE VALVE
Name Symbol Description

Gate Valve Most common of all

valves. Used at all
pressure to control the Diaphragm Valve Used mainly in low
flow of liquids and gases pressure dirty service
(liquids containing grit or
suspending particles.
Ball Valve Used for liquid and gas
service. It used for on/off Orbit Valve Mainly used in
or throttling application specialised high pressure
service
Plug Valve Mainly used in medium
and low pressure service

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CONTROL SERVICE VALVE

CONTROL SERVICE VALVE
-throttling or flow control Name Symbol Function

Name Symbol Function

Angle Valve Mainly used at high
Butterfly Valve Mainly used in low
pressures. Reduce
pressure and low
turbulence within the
pressure drop services. It
valve gives better flow
is being used for manual
than the globe valve
or process control, on/off
or throttling.
Globe Valve Used at all pressures to
control or stop the flow
of liquid or gas through a
pipe. The most common
of all control service
valves
Needle Valve Used at all pressures.
Used for very fine flow
control.

ONE WAY SERVICE VALVE SPECIAL SERVICE VALVE

-preventing of reverse flow Name Symbol Function
Pressure Safety Valve To relieve pressure in
Name Symbol DEscription systems in order to
prevent damage from
Check Valve Also known as one way overpressure situations.
valve to prevent
backflow of a fluid

Pressure Relief Valve To relieve pressure in

systems in order to
prevent damage from
overpressure situations.

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SPECIAL SERVICE VALVE
Name Symbol
3 Way Valve
4 Way Valve
Instrumentation –
refers to devices that
sense, measure,
indicate, transmit
and/or record physical
properties within a
system
It represented by
‘bubble’.
The bubble is a simple
circle, square or
hexagonal shape
Function
to shut off fluid flow in one pipe
while opening fluid flow in
another pipe, to mix fluid from
two different pipes into one
pipe, or to separate fluid from
one pipe into two different
pipes.
to alternately to pressurize and
exhaust two working port
Circular bubbles represent discrete
instruments.
Square bubbles with circle inside
represent shared display /shared
control
Square bubbles with diamond inside
represents Programmable Logic Control
Hexagonal bubbles represent
computer systems.
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Control valve actuator
/ MANUAL OPERATOR
OPERATED
The bubbles are further defined by a
horizontal line, lines, or lack there of.
These lines define where the
instrument is located and whether or
not it is accessible to the operator.
No Line : the device and/or its display are
physically located in the field and if it has a
display it is only readable locally
(FIELD MOUNTED)
Solid Line : the display is located on a main
control panel or video display and is
normally accessible to the operator
(PRIMARY LOCATION , ACCESSIBLE TO AN
OPERATOR)
Dashed Line : the display is NOT normally
accessible to the operator.
(PRIMARY LOCATION , NOT ACCESSIBLE TO
AN OPERATOR)
Double Solid Line : the display is located on
a secondary or local control panel that is
normally accessible to the AUXILIARY
LOCATION , ACCESSIBLE TO AN OPERATOR)
Double Dashed Line : the display is located
in a secondary control panel and is NOT
normally accessible to the operator.
( AUXILIARY LOCATION , NOT ACCESSIBLE
TO AN OPERATOR)
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LOCALLY MOUNTED INSTRUMENT CONTROL ROOM

MAIN CONTROL PANEL MOUNTED

CONTROL ROOM Instrumentation Identification - Tag

Number
 According to ISA standards, an instrument identification tag consists of the
following two parts: a functional identification and a loop number (such as
TT-001).
 Inside of the shape there are letters and numbers used to designate the
property being measured (such as flow rate, pressure, temperature, or
level) and the function performed with that measurement.
 typical functions are: display, record, transmit, and control
 Usually 2 or 3 letters are used.

DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM-DCS

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Instrumentation Identification - Tag Instrumentation

letter
Number
 1st letter is the property being measured:
F = flow rate, P = pressure, T = temperature, L = level

 2nd letter is a modifier:

D = differential, F = ratio. simply omit if no modifiers apply

 3rd indicates passive/readout function:

A = alarm, R = record, I = indicator, G = gauge

 4th – active/output function:

C = controller, T = transmit, S = switch, V = valve

 5th is the function modifier:

H = high, L = low, O = open, C = closed. simply omit if no modifiers apply

Instrumentation Instrumentation
Identification – Tag Abbreviation
Number

Instrument Type (Tag

Prefix)
Instrument
FIC Location

205

Loop/Tag
Number

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Instrument line / signal line symbols
PIPING COLOR CODE
 Color making will make identification easier for raw material and fluid that
being transport by the pipe.
 The systematic color coding of pipeline and piping is important to reduce
the safety hazard, reduce the possibility of mistake in identification and
accidents associated with wrong identification of pipeline during the
emergency situation.
 There are various international standard that provides the guidelines for
uniform colour coding in industries.
 ANSI/ASME A13.1 – Scheme for the Identification of Piping Systems
 BS 1710 – Specification for Identification of Pipelines and Services
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Example
ANSI/ASME A13.1 – Scheme for the
Identification of Piping Systems
 The purpose of ASME/ANSI A13.1 Standard is to establish a common system that assists in
the identification of hazardous materials conveyed in piping systems and their hazards
when released into the environment.
 ASME A13.1 – 2015 edition has six fixed colors and 4 users define colors that can be used to
identify the hazardous material. In this standard, following category are used;
 Flammable – Fluids or a vapor or produce vapors that can be ignited and continue to burn
in air.
 Combustible – Fluids that can burn, but are not flammable.
 Oxidizing – Oxidizing fluid is any gas or liquid that may, generally by providing oxygen,
cause or contribute to the combustion of other material more than air does.
 Toxic and Corrosive – Fluids that are corrosive or toxic, or will produce corrosive or toxic
substances when released.
 Fire Quenching – Fluid Such as water, foam, and CO2 used in sprinkler systems and
firefighting piping systems.
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ANSI/ASME A13.1 – Scheme for the BS 1710 – Specification for Identification of

Identification of Piping Systems Pipelines and Services

 BS1710 use two types of colour coding to identify the content of pipe and
hazard.
 Base colour – Base colours are used to indicate the content inside the pipe.
 Safety colours – These colours are used as band colours that applied in
conjunction with the base pipe color code to create various service
identifier.

BS 1710 – Specification for Identification of Conclusion

Pipelines and Services

 Valve Symbol and it’s Function (on/off , control , one way, special service)
 Instrumentation symbol and it’s identification
 Piping color