to "provide a framework, or sequence of operations to be used when we come to actualities” IMPORTANCE • acquainted with variety of approaches, techniques, activities • stimulate and develop students' interest • knowledge of literature TEACHING APPROACHES Skills Based Approach Information-based Approach Language-based Approach Personal Response Approach Paraphrastic Approach Moral-philosophical Approach Stylistics Approach SKILLS BASED APPROACH • Gain information • Verify existing knowledge • Critique A writer's ideas or writing style. • Enjoyment • Enhance knowledge language being read. PURPOSE OF READING • Determines the approach to reading comprehension • Text :letters, words, sentences, paragraphs • Reader uses knowledge, skills, and strategies • to determine what that meaning is. INFORMATION-BASED APPROACH • teaching knowledge about literature • source of information • examine history, historical background • characteristics of literary movements LANGUAGE BASED APPROACH • Incorporate language and literature syllabus • By studying the language. PERSONAL RESPONSE APPROACH (Thematic approach) • Encourages learners 'active involvement • emotionally, intellectually, • draw own experiences, feelings, opinions also known as Thematic approach • texts chosen according to same theme compare to learner PARAPHRASTIC APPROACH • Surface meaning of text • Paraphrase , • Re-word the story in simpler language • Translating it into another language • Beginners of target language MORAL-PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH • Read a particular literary text • Search for moral values • Awareness of values • Assist students to understand themes in future readings. STYLISTICS APPROACH • closer understanding ,appreciation of literary text • combination of linguistic analysis • and literary critic (Lazar, 1993)