 Mental status  Motor examination

 Observation  Observation (for bulk, and abnormal

 Attention: movements).
 General  Test for drift (also, check & rebound --
 digit span cerebellar)
 Asymmetries (neglect):  Testing tone
 line bisection and cancellation test  Strength:
 extinction to double simultaneous  Shoulder abduction (deltoids)
stimulation (during the cranial nerve or  Biceps (elbow flexion)
sensory exam).  Triceps (elbow extension)
 Frontal lobe function:  Finger spreaders
 The controlled word fluency test  Thumb opposition (to pinkie)
(Thurstone)  Hip flexion
 Contrasting programs, go/no-go, &/or  Knee flexion
crossed response inhibition  Knee extension (optional)
 Abstraction: similarities and proverbs  Ankle dorsiflextion (up)
 Memory:  Other ankle movements (optional)
 (Recall of the medical history)  Finger-tapping
 Current events (presidents)
 Three object test  Coordination and gait
 Left hemisphere function  Cerebellar testing:
 Language function:  Finger-to-nose testing.
 observation of spontaneous speech  Heel-to-shin testing
 comprehension  Mirroring movements (an optional test for
 repetition cerebellar function)
 naming  Rapid alternating movements
 writing  Gait, station and Romberg testing:
 Praxis  Station
 Gerstmann=s syndrome:  Station with eyes closed (Romberg test)
 Right-left orientation  Gait
 Finger naming  Tandem gait
 Calculations (already tested)  Walking on heels, toes.
 writing (already tested)
 Right hemisphere functions (visuospatial)  Reflex examination
 intersecting pentagons.  Tendon reflexes:
 Mapping  biceps
 triceps
 Cranial nerve examination  brachioradialis
 Cranial nerve I (olfaction): (optional)  knee jerk
 Cranial nerve II: the optic nerve (vision).  ankle jerk
 Visual fields:  Superficial reflexes.
 Visual acuity  abdominal reflex (optional)
 Funduscopic examination: (optional) -- cremasteric reflex (not to be done)
 Cranial nerves III, IV and VI: the nerves  Pathological reflexes:
subserving eye movements.  The plantar reflex:
 Pupillary responses:  The grasp reflex (optional)
 Cranial nerve V (trigeminal):  Root and suck (optional)
 Sensory
 Motor  Sensory examination
-- Corneal reflex (to be omitted)  Testing vibration
 Cranial nerve VII (facial):  Testing position sensation
 Cranial nerve VIII (auditory):  Light touch threshold
 Cranial nerves IX and X: Palate movement.  Pinprick
 Cranial nerve XI: neck strength, shoulder shrug  Temperature
 Cranial nerve XII: stick out the tongue.  “Cortical” sensation:
 Two-point discrimination
 Graphesthesia