Cell

Function(s) Location in Cell Pro/Euk Kingdom(s) Unique Characteristics

Structure/Region
Where the DNA are Circular, double-stranded of DNA,
nucleoid region In middle Prokary. Monera
kept and multiple copies may exist
Separates the cell
from its surrounding
Monera, protist,
plasma membrane while allowing Surrounds the cytoplasm Both Selectively permeable
fungi, plant, animal
materials to pass
through
Outside the nucleus, Studded with protein-
rough endoplasmic Producing lysosomal Animal, plant,
connected to nuclear Eukary. manufacturing ribosomes giving it a
reticulum enzymes fungi, protist
envelope “rough” appearance
Help protect bacteria
capsule Outside the cell wall Prokary. Bacteria Exclude bacterial viruses and toxin
against phagocytosis
Metabolism of
smooth endoplasmic Connected to the nuclear Animal, plant, Known for its storage of calcium
carbohyd. and calci. Eukary.
reticulum envelope fungi, protist ions in muscle cells
concentration
Breaks down
Part of the secretory Malfunction of the lysosomes
lysosome macromolecules using Eukary. Animal, protist
pathway of a cell cause many illnesses
digestive enzymes
Control the activities Animal, plant,
nucleus In middle Eukary. First organelle discovered
of the cell fungi, protist
Production and
Monera, protist, Site where most of the ribosomal
nucleolus assembly of ribosome In the nucleus Both
fungi, plant, animal RNA is transcribed
components
Makes up
Monera, fungi,
chromatin chromosomes when In the nucleus Both Easily visualized by staining
plant, animal
cells aren’t dividing
 Converts chemical of
foods, like sugar, to Animal, plant, Number in a cell varies widely by
mitochondria In the middle Eukary.
the chem. energy of a fungi, protist organism and tissue type
molecule called ATP
Process and package Part of the Animal, plant, Performs several functions in close
Golgi apparatus Eukary.
proteins and lipids endomembrane system fungi, protist with the ER
Participate in
metabolis of fatty Part of the secretory Animal, plant, They resemble lysosomes in being
peroxisome Eukary.
acids, ride the cell of pathway of a cell fungi filled with enzymes
toxic peroxides
Provide support for Three main cytoskeleton filaments:
Contained within the Protist, fungi,
cytoskeleton cell and maintains Both micro-, intermediate, and
cytoplasm plant, animal
shape, and protects microtubules
Regulates the
Protist, fungi, Mutant flies lacking centrioles can
centriole composition of In the centrosome Eukary.
animals, plants develop almost normally
cytoplasm
Allows bacteria to Projection from the cell Monera, protist, There are different type of flagella
flagellum Both
move body animal, plant depends on the cell
Simply move liquid Attached to cell’s Animal, plant, Make up undulipodia (with
cilium Eukary.
over their surface surface protist flagella)
Makes food by Contained by an envelope
chloroplast converting light into In middle Eukary. Plants consisting of an inner and outer
chemical phospholipids membrane
Bulk storage of starch, In roots and non-phot.
leucoplast Eukary. Plants
lipid or protein tissues of plants
Provides cell with Surrounds a cell outside Monera, fungi, Contructed from different
cell wall Both
structural support cell membrane plants materials, depending on species
 Either “free” or
Synthesize proteins Monera, protist, Builds proteins form the
ribosome “membrane-bound” Both
using RNA animal, plant, fungi instructions within RNA
within a cell
Enables transport and Enable to direct regulate,
plasmodesmata communication In cell wall Eukary. Plants intercellular transport of substances
between cell walls between cells
Connects the
cytoplasm of cell, Between certain animal Make sure the molecules do not
gap junction Eukary. Animal
allowing some cell-types leak into the intercellular space
molecules to pass thru
Organized structures
Monera, protist, The DNA molecule may be
chromosome of DNA and proteins In the middle Both
fungi, plant, animal circular or linear
when cell is divided