Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
KPRA KEMENKES 2
KASUS 1
Tn. M, 54 tahun. DM(+), merokok
(+), belum pernah MRS sebelumnya,
mengeluh panas dan batuk 3 hari.
belum konsumsi antibiotik
KPRA KEMENKES 3
7 LANGKAH …..
1. Masalah / diagnosis ?
2. Severitas
3. komunitas / hospital aquired,
MDRO ?
4. Immunokompromise
5. Bakteri penyebab, sesuaikan
dengan pola bakteri RS setempat
6. Jenis antibiotik terbaik
7. Durasi antibiotik yang tepat, tidak
overuse
KPRA KEMENKES 4
LANGKAH 1. TENTUKAN MASALAHNYA
KPRA KEMENKES 5
LANGKAH 2: TENTUKAN SEVERITAS
KPRA KEMENKES 6
SEVERITY SCORE
KPRA KEMENKES 8
DEFINISI SEPSIS
KPRA KEMENKES 9
LANGKAH 3: APAKAH MDRO ?
KPRA KEMENKES 11
LANGKAH 4:
APAKAH PASIEN IMMUNOKOMPROMIS ?
KPRA KEMENKES 12
LANGKAH 5:
KEMUNGKINAN BAKTERI PENYEBAB
HASIL UJI KEPEKAAN ANTIBIOTIK
KPRA KEMENKES 14
Table. Antibiotic susceptibility (n) pattern of ESBL
producing E.coli
MPC
Window of
Selection
MIC
KPRA KEMENKES 19
Tentukan dosis berdasarkan
PK / PD
Berapa frekuensi pemberian ?
Aminoglycosides 3-8 mg/kgBB/dosis tunggal
Ampicillin tiap 4-6 jam
Ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin
7 hari 14 hari
cure rate 93% 93%
clinical fail or recc. 7% 7%
KPRA KEMENKES 21
Lancet 2012; 380: 484–90
Terapi : Pielonefritis 5 hari VS 10 Hari
KPRA KEMENKES 22
Durasi antibiotik pada VAP: 8 hari vs 15 hari
KPRA KEMENKES 23
JAMA 2003
Durasi antibiotik pada VAP: 8 hari vs 15 hari
KPRA KEMENKES 24
AUTOMATIC STOP ORDER
Kebijakan untuk mengendalikan lama pemberian
antibiotik
Klinisi dapat melakukan pemikiran ulang, dengan
cara pemberian antibiotik dihentikan untuk
indikasi :
Profilaksis : 1 x 24 jam
Terapi empirik : 3 x 24 jam
Extended empiric : 2 x (3 x 24 jam)
Terapi definitif : 7 x 24 jam
Infeksi spesifik : tergantung protokol terapi
Uji klinik : tergantung protokol penelitian
KPRA KEMENKES 25
Streamline antibiotics
KPRA KEMENKES 26
Alasan mengapa terapi antibiotik gagal ?
* Drug fever
KPRA KEMENKES 27
Alasan : mengapa terapi antibiotik gagal?
KULTUR
DARAH
Empiric
antibiotics for 72 KRITERIA
SIRS
hrs YA
TIDAK
KPRA KEMENKES 30
ANTIBAKTERI
ANTIBIOTIK
PROFILAKSIS
TERAPI
KPRA KEMENKES 31
MENGAPA PERLU PROFILAKSIS ?
dokter takut kalau infeksi
beban perasaan dokter
reputasi dokter
pasien menderita
beban biaya
KPRA KEMENKES 32
Kasus Usia
Ko-morbid
SDM
Cuci tangan SOP Antibiotik
kompetensi
Operator Linen Pasca operasi
KPRA KEMENKES 33
MENGAPA PERLU
PROFILAKSIS
KPRA KEMENKES 34
DULU suntikan oral
Pre op (+) (-)
Delayed healing
Hernia
Possible evisceration
Abscess
Fistula
Other procedures needed
KPRA KEMENKES 36
Keuntungan dan Keterbatasan
penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis
1. Antibiotik yang
digunakan untuk
mencegah komplikasi
infeksi pada tindakan
operasi.
2. diberikan sebelum
operasi, ulangan saat
operasi atau setelah
operasi
3. batasan waktu: tidak
melebihi 24 jam
KPRA KEMENKES 38
INDIKASI
PROFILAKSIS
GOLONGAN OPERASI
bersih
bersih kontaminasi
kontaminasi
kotor
KPRA KEMENKES 39
Surgical Site Infection / IDO
Definition
superficial 30 hari
deep 90 hari
organ space 90 hari
ortopedi 1 tahun
CDC 2017
kolonisasi
Antibiotika profilaksis
KPRA KEMENKES 41
Profilaksis Dosis Tunggal v/s
Multipel
Tidak
Fakta ada
laporan perbedaa
n
signifikan
Antibiotik
Cefazolin 2 g
Cefuroxime 1,5 g
i.v/drip dalam 100 ml NS,
selama 15 menit
30-60 menit sebelum insisi
Tanpa test
Di kamar operasi
KPRA KEMENKES 45
ANTIBIOTIK PROFILAKSIS
DONT
DONT
DONT
DONT
DONT
PPRA RSUD Dr.Soetomo 46
BENANG MENGANDUNG
ANTISEPTIK
QUALITY OF
RECOMENDATION STRENGHT
EVIDENCE
The panel suggests the use of CONDITIONAL MODERATE
triclosan-coated sutures for the
purpose of reducing the risk of SSI,
independent of the type of surgery.
KPRA KEMENKES 47
WHO, 2016
ANTISEPTIK KULIT
QUALITY
RECOMENDATION STRENGHT OF
EVIDENCE
recommends alcohol-based Strong Low to
antiseptic solutions based on moderate
Chlorhexidine Gluconate for
surgical site skin preparation in
patients undergoing surgical
procedures.
KPRA KEMENKES 48
WHO, 2016
CUKUR VS KERIK
Elective
Surgical
Clipping hair just before case is best
Procedures
Hair Removal
Hair Removal Infection Rate
Method
sore / kerok/shaving 5.2 - 8.8%
pagi / kerok 6.4 - 10%
sore / cukur 4 - 7.5%
pagi / cukur 1.8 - 3.2%
KPRA KEMENKES 49
Alexander JW, et al. Arch Surg 1983; 118:347-352
CUKUR BULU/RAMBUT
QUALITY OF
RECOMENDATION STRENGHT
EVIDENCE
• patients undergoing any surgical Strong Moderate
procedure, hair should either not
be removed or, if absolutely
necessary, it should be removed
only with a clipper. Shaving is
strongly discouraged at all times,
whether preoperatively or in the
OR.
KPRA KEMENKES 50
WHO, 2016
ADVANCED DRESSINGS
QUALITY
RECOMENDATION STRENGHT OF
EVIDENCE
QUALITY
RECOMENDATION STRENGHT OF
EVIDENCE
preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis CONDITIONAL LOW
should not be continued in the
presence of a wound drain for the purpose
of preventing SSI.
Moderate quality evidence from a high number of RCTs (44 studies included
in the overall meta- analysis) shows that prolonged SAP postoperatively has
no benefit in reducing SSI after surgery when compared to a single dose.
KPRA KEMENKES 53
WHO, 2016
ANTIBIOTIC GUIDELINE FOR PROPHYLAXIS
JOHNS HOPKINS 2016
KPRA KEMENKES 54
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Evidence
Prosedure Antibiotic Odd.Rt
Level
Prosedur Sectio Cesarea HR 1 0.41
Strumectomy NR 1 -
Ca Mammae R 1
Appendectomy HR 1 0.58
HR= High Recommended
R = Recommended Colorectal surgery HR 1
NR= Not Recomended Hernia NR 1
TUR prostate HR 1
Arthroplasty HR 1
SIGN 2014 KPRA KEMENKES
Pemasangan kateter
59
NR 1
OPERASI TIDAK MEMERLUKAN
ANTIBIOTIK
KPRA KEMENKES 60
TERIMA KASIH
There Is No Way Home
KITA DAPAT MENCEGAH INFEKSI
TETAPI SULIT MENGHINDARI
RESISTENSI
KPRA KEMENKES 61