Table of Contents :

1) Introduction : ( What is FRP ? ) .

2) Fiber Material Behavior .
3) FRP STRENGTHENING SYSTEMS .
4) Analysis and design .
5) Application requirements for repair and
strengthening works .
 Introduction:

What is FRP ?
FRP ( Fiber reinforced polymer ) is a
composite made of high-strength fibers and a
matrix for binding these fibers to fabricate
structural shapes .
Fiber Types Matrix Tyepes :

Carbon Epoxies

Glass Esters

Aramid
FRP systems have significant advantages
over classical structural materials
including:

 High – tensile strength .

 low weight .
 Corrosion resistance .
 Ease of application .
 Taylor – made capability .
 High – life service limit .
Disadvantages of FRP systems :
 low – resistance to fire .

 No yield plateau .

 High – initial cost .

 Repair of reinforced and prestressed
concrete elements .
 Retrofitting of beams, columns, slabs,
and walls
 Carbon

Aramid

Glass
Steel

0.000 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060

FRP STRENGTHENING SYSTEMS

Loading Specification •
Design Errors Material Specification •
ERRORS IN Change of Code •
DESIGN STAGE Drafting Errors •
Assumption Errors •

Poor Insufficient compaction •

Construction Inadequate curing time •
CONSTRUCTIO
Practices •
N ERRORS • Poor Workmanship
• Lack of proper supervision

• Overloading -Change of use

SERVICE STAGE • Environmental factors - Concrete
deterioration Earthquake/Seismic forces
 Shear Strengthening
with FRP

Flexural Strengthening
with FRP

Axial Strengthening
with FRP
Load versus deflection curves for both control and
strengthened beams.
 Part 1
PROBABLE CAUSES OF
TECHNICAL TERMS
STRUCTURAL DEFECTS

Part 2
STRENGTHENING CLASSIFICATION OF
MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS STRENGTHENING WORKS

Part 3
Design For Flexure
 Probable Structural Defects

Overall structural Structural

defects elements defects

partial or
total differential cracking, corrosion,
structural settlements ,
collapse of instability, excessive deformations,
the main and concrete bucking of columns,
structural sliding cracking loss of concrete cover
elements
 Soil problems

 Lack of proper structural detailing

 The use of defective materials

 Construction errors

 Lack of maintenance

 Modification of configurations, and elements of

the structure
 Steel plate bonding .
 Section enlargement and external
posttensioning .
 Fiber reinforced composites .
Simply supported beam; 35% upgrade in live load

Bonded Steel Plate Member Enlargement FRP Sheet

0.5 cm bolted plate 2 #20 rebar, 10 cm grout 1 layer resin bonded
 110 kg dead load  1,125 kg dead load  2.7 kg dead load
 Placed by lift truck  Formed and cured  Placed by hand
Bond-critical Contact-critical

flexure column
strengthening
tension

shear

torsion
 DESIGN VARIABLES FOR COMPOSITES
 TYPE OF FIBER
 FIBER VOLUME
 ORIENTATION OF FIBER
• 0o, 90o, +45o, -45o
 TYPE OF POLYMER (RESIN)
 COST
 VOLUME OF PRODUCT - MANUFACTURING
METHOD
DESIGN VARIABLES FOR COMPOSITES
 PHYSICAL:
• tensile strength
• Compressive strength
• stiffness
• weight, etc.
 ENVIRONMENTAL:
• Fire
• UV ( Ultraviolet )
• Corrosion Resistance
1. Designcalculations shall be based on the actual
dimensions .
2. Strainsare linearly distributed over the cross-
section.
3. Themaximum usable compressive strain in the
concrete is 0.003.
4. The tensile strength of concrete is neglected and all
the tensile stresses are resisted by the reinforcing
steel and the FRP.
5. There is no relative slip between external
FRP reinforcement and the concrete.
6. The FRP reinforcement has a linear elastic
stress-strain relationship to failure
 b
𝜺𝒄 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕𝒇𝒄𝒖 /𝜸𝒄 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕𝒇𝒄𝒖 /𝜸𝒄

a = 0.8 c
c

d
d -c
h-c

As 𝜺𝒔 𝒇𝒔 𝒇𝒔

𝜺𝒇𝒆 𝜺𝒃𝒊 𝒇𝒇𝒆 = 𝑬𝒇 . 𝜺𝒇𝒆 /𝜸𝒇 𝒇𝒇𝒆 = 𝑬𝒇 . 𝜺𝒇𝒆 /𝜸𝒇

Af = n tf wf

Reinforced Strain Stress Stress

concrete distribution distribution distribution
section (non linear for (equivalent stress
concrete concrete block )
stress)
)1(

)2(

)3(

(4)
 Manual
application

Fiber
Strengthened Reinforced
surface Resin / Polymers
(substrate) Adhesive
(FRP)
Plane and free of any forms of defects.

Free of moisture, chlorides and sulfate

ions.
satisfy the necessary requirements that
insure the effectiveness of FRP
strengthening works.

free of carbonation and the steel

reinforcement shall be free of rust.
 The resin shall be a suitable material
capable of adhering the FRP laminates to
the concrete surface and satisfying the
specifications and requirements of the
project .
 The type of resin depends on the type of
FRP laminates and surface condition.
 The two main types of FRP reinforcement
are determined according to the type of
application .
 Good quality control should be insured.
 Incorrect or bad application will lead to
debonding between FRP and concrete .
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