ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY
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1. ...
2. 1. Abundance of clay-provided bricks 2. Roofs
flat outside 3. Architecture was arcuated
winged deity and winged human headed lion
used as décor 4. Houses of one room,
entered by a single door & without windows
3. 1. Acropolis, 2. Parthenon-temple, 3. Agora, 4.
ODEION theatre,
5. stoa, - ancient covered walkway, usually
with a wall on one side and a row of columns
at the other 6. Mausoleum Sarcophagus, 7.
open hillside theatres
4. 1. Basilican Churches, 2. Baptisteries
5. 1. Battered or sloping outside walls 2.
Columns & Capitals from vegetable origins 3.
Papyrus Buds, Lotus Flower walls of mud
brick, thick & 9M high 4. Unbroken massive
walls adorned with hieroglyphics
6. 1. Beehives, 2. huts, 3. caves, 4. tents, 5.
Stonehenge, England 6. igloos
7. 1. Bulbous or onion dome 2. Minarets 3.
stalactite moulding 4. cresting: decorative
roof ridge: an ornamental ridge on a roof 5.
painted arch
8. 1. Columnar & trabeated (have horizontal
beams rather than archs) 2. Wooden roofs wer
e untrussed 3. Ceilings sometimes omitted 4.
optical illusions were corrected, in Greek
Temples 5. Doric, Ionic, Corinthian [orders of
columns]
9. 1. Cupola Roofs (dome shaped roof or dome
on roof ), spanning with arched squinches, the
square chamber angles, lantern roof and
coffered dome, an elaborate system of
hexagon, each containing the statue of
Buddha 2. The "SIKHARA" & "PAGODA"
temples survive. 3. A monumental pillar
generally supporting a metal superstructure
adorned with mystic symbols, groups of
divinities
and portraits statuary of royalties. 4. Windows
have intricate lattice screens and roof have
red curved tiles, metal gutters and projecting
cornice and fancifully decorated with carving,
embos sing, tinkling bells and hanging lamps.
5. The monastery is fortress -like sited on hill
tops. 6. Pillars and beams are painted "yellow
or red" and "painted silks" hang from the roof.
10. 1. Eiffel tower, [???] 2. New louvre, 3. Paris
Opera House, 4. Paris & cologne.
GIEHADCBF 11. 1. Free-standing glass sheath suspended on a Modern/
framework across the face of the buildin g or International
Ancient
curtain wall. 2. Art Noveau and Bauhaus was
Near East
developed 3. Enormous Spans unobstructed
(Mesop
were at length achieved with concrete. 4.
otamia)
Steel is used in space-frame
12. 1. Hindu worship is an individual act 2. India/
Greek
Buddhist religious buildings or shrine s took Pakistan
the form of STUPAS (Buddhist shrine or
pagoda), and are designed for
congregational use. 3. Mouldings have
BULBOUS character 4. The TORUS moulding
is used 5. Various BAS reliefs depicting
Early scenes of daily life and story of Buddha 6.
Christian The female form in its voluptuous (sensual)
Egyptian form is often used
13. 1. Light and delicate timber construction is Japan
refined by a minute carving & decoration 2.
Dominant roofs characterized by their
exquisite (beautiful/superb) curvature,
Prehistoric supported by a succession of brackets 3.
Period Upper part of the roof is terminated by a
gable placed vertically above the end walls
Islamic
4. Rooms are regulated by a "KEN" Tatami
mats. 5. Love of nature: using stone, lantern &
bonsai.
14. 1. Neo-classic & Greek revival was fo llowed Americas
Greek
2. Baloon frame was introduced 3. The
skyscraper was contributed related to metal
frame construction 4. The non-load-bearing
curtain wall & the elevator
15. 1. Notre Dame Cathedral, 2. Paris Canterbury Gothic
Cathedral, 3. King's College, 4. Canterbury
Afghanistan,
Town Halls, 5. Skippers house @ Ghent
Nepal, Tibet
16. 1. Novel development of the Dome to cover Byzantine
polygonal and square plans of churches 2.
Tomb & baptisteries by means of
"pendentives"3. 'Fresco" decoration using
marble & mosaic
17. 1. Palazzo Ricardi @ Florence, 2. St. Peter's Renaissance
PIAZZA, 3. Cathedral Vatican, 4. Palais du
louvre, 5. Paris Chateu Maisons,6. St Paul's
Cathedral, London, 7. Guild Houses @
Brussels
18. 1. Pantheon, 2. Forums, 3. Basilicas 4. Roman
Thermae, 5. Amphitheatres, 6. Colosseum
Coemeteria, 7. Triumphal arch, 8. gateways, 9.
aqueducts
Continental
Europe
19. 1. Picturesque values 2. Reflected in the Britain 26.
predilection (liking) for highly textured,
colorful materials, asymmetry & informality.
3. palazzo style was a triumph of national
ecclesiasticism 4. New functions &
techniques produced new forms 5. Taller
buildings were designed due to concrete &
cast iron frames . 6. New materials were used
due to the effect of canals 7. Railroad
27.
systems, central heating & elevator or lift
20. 1. Pointed arch 2. buttress, flying buttress 3. Gothic
gargoyles, decorated vaulting 4. rose &
28.
lancet windows ploughshare twist 5. variety
of open roofs (trussed, tie-beam, collar)
21. 1. Repetition of standard bays, both plan & Continental
elevation, an affinity (similarity) with bay Europe
system, programmatically
adopted with the introduction of iron
construction
22. 1. Ribbed & panel, cross vaults; 2. plaster Romanesque
strips, arcades, rose windows, 3. Sober
(serious/ not fanciful) & dignified style 4.
Formal massing depends on the grouping of
towers and the projection of transepts & 29.
choir.
23. 1. Rock Temples, with square or octagonal Sri Lanka 30.
pillars 2. A circular relic house (wata-dage)
built in stone & brick is an outstanding
architectural creation. 3. Architecture of
wood, with high pitched roofs, with wide
31.
eaves, slightly curved, finished with small flat
shingles
and terra cotta tiles. 4. Windows with
lacquered wood bars, carved timber
doorways , ornamental metalwork door
furniture , painted wall
32.
24. 1. Roof ridges are laden with elaborate China
ornamental cresting and the up -tilted angles
are adorned with fantast ic dragons and
grotesque ornament.(distorted bizarre) 2.
Roofs one on top of the other using S-shape
enameled tiles. 3. Roof framing in "rectangle"
and not triangle. 4. Use of bright colors 5.
Column brackets are decorated with birds, 33.
flowers and dragons.
25. 1. Rusticated masonry, (rough masonry) 2. Renaissance
Quoins, Balusters 3. domes or raised drums
4. pediments one within the other 5. rococo 6. 34.
baroque style 7. mansard roof 8. salon
1. Salginatobel Bridge, 2. Einstein Tower, Eirch Modern/
Mendelsohn 3. Chapel of Notre Dame, Le International
Corbusier 4. Johnson Wax Building, Frank
Lloyd Wright 5. Falling Water, Frank Lloyd
Wright 6. Dulles International Airport, Eero
saarinen 7. Guggenheim Museum, Frank
Lloyd wright 8. Sydney opera House, Jorn
Utzon 9. Geodesic dome, Buckminster Fuller
1. Sphinx, 2. Pyramids, 3. Obelisks, 4. Mastaba Egyptian
Tombs, 5. Great Temple, 6. Abu-Simbel, 7.
Temple of Khons
1. Stepped Temple Pyramid , terraced on a Burma,
hill 2. Using stone without mortar fitted Cambodia,
perfectly and numerous colossal towers 3. Thailand,
Religious buildings overlaid with Indonesia
ornamentation of Chinese characters,
surfaces often finished with porcelain tile 4.
Walls are white stucco, (wall plaster) 5. multi-
leveled overlapping timber roofs 6. Gables
and bargeboard decorated with Hindu
iconography. 7. Doors and window shutters
are of carved wood, lacquered in black and
gold .
1. St. Sophia, Constantinople 2. St. Mark, Byzantine
Venice
1. St, Zeno, 2. Maggiore Monastery, 3. Leaning Islamic
Tower, 4. Cathedral & Baptistery of Pisa, 5.
Castles, fortifications, 6. chateus, Manor
houses
1. Temple Pyramid of the Sun, 2. Citadel Pre-
Teotihuacan, 3. Temple of the Giant Jaguar, 4. Columbian,
Great Plaza of Tenochtitlan Machu Picchu, Maya,
Peru Aztec,
Mexico ,
Peru
1. Temple pyramids are approached by a Pre-
single steep flight of steps. 2. Stone [finely Columbian,
dressed, carved, or laid as roughly dressed America
rubble] was employed for all important [Maya -
buildings Aztec-
Mexico-
Peru]
1. Temporary shelter from perishable Pre-historic
materials 2. Caves 3. Rocks on top of each Period
other 4. Hard-packed snow blocks 5. animal
skins
1. The arch & the vault was developed 2. Two Roman
orders of architecture added [Tuscan &
Composite] 3. Concrete is now used
[composition of lime, sand, pozzolana &
broken bricks or small stones. v
35. 1. the White House 2. Washington
D.C., U.S. Capitol 3. Boston Empire
State Building, 4. English Country
Houses 5. Bungalows
36. 1. Use of indigenous (natural)
materials for houses like bamboo,
palm leaves, sturdy wooden posts,
carved wooden
sidings, cogon grass roof. 2.
Spanish-style high-pitched roofs,
3. Capiz shell windows,
barandillas, balconies, 4. Coconut
shell & wood design. 5. Much use
of galvanized iron sheet for
roofing
37. 1. Westminster New Palace (House
of Parliament), London 2. Crystal
Palace, London [???] 3. University
Museum, Oxford 4. Red House,
Kent 5. Cathedral @ Guildford
38. 1. Widely Spaced Columns
carrying semi-circular arches 2.
Basilican Churches have 3 to 5
aisles, covered by a simple timber
roof 3. Mosaic decoration added
internally 4. separate buildings
used for baptism or baptisteries
39. 1. Ziggurat of Ur, 2. persepolis, 3.
hall of the hundred columns
40. ABACUS
41. "A BRIDGE IS LIKE A HOUSE"
42. AGORA
43. "A HOUSE IN A HOUSE"
44. AISLE
45. AMBO
Americas 46. AMBULATORY (to walk) the cloister (covered walkwa y
around a courtyard) or covered passage
around the east end of the church,
behind the altar.
Philippines 47. ANT ILLAN An elegant two storey, rectangular town
HOUSE house with a massive stone first floor, and
a light and airy second floor, mother -of-
pearl or "capiz" windows and picturesque
wide tile roof. Entrance is of Heavy plank
door with wrought iron or brass nails,
sturdy balustrades of wood or iron grilles
below windows to let in cool
air.
48. APSE The circular or multi -angular termination
of a church sanctuary. A rounded
Britain projection of a building
49. AQUEDUCTS A roman structure where immense
quantities of water were required for the
great thermae and for public fountains,
and for domestic supply for the large
Early Christian population; a channel fo r water: a pipe
or channel for moving water to a lower
level, often across a great distance
50. ARABESQUE Geometrical ornaments due to absence
of human and animal statues; an ornate
design.
51. ARCADE A range of arches supported on piers or
Ancient Near East
columns attached to or deta ched from
(Mesopotamia)
the wall.
A slab forming the
52. ARCHITECTONIC Relating or conforming to technical
crowning member of a
architectural principles .
column;
53. "ARCHITECTURE Marcus Vitruvius Pocio
Robert Maillart
MUST MEET 3
Town square, was the REQUIREMENTS:
center of soci al and STENGTH,
business life, around BEAUTY, UNITY"
which were stoas, or
54. ARRIS The sharp edge formed by the meeting
colonnaded porticoes,
of two surface usually in DORIC columns
temples, markets, public
buildings, monuments, 55. "ART & Walter Gropius
shrines ARCHITECTURE,
THE NEW UNITY"
Louis Kahn
56. ART DECO 1930s modernist's style of art inspired by
A longitudinal division
mechanical forms and chiefly
of an interior area, as in
distinguished by geometrical shapes,
a church, separated
bold color schemes and symmetrical
from the main area by
designs, suitable for mass production.
arcades or the like.
57. ART NOVEAU An art free from any historical style
A raised pulpit on either
characterized by forms of nature for
side of a Basilican
ornamentation in the façade aptly called
church from which the
for the floral design.
epistle of a gospel
were read.
58. ASIAN CC. De Castro 73. BELVEDERE A roofed but open-sided structure affording
DEVELOPMENT an extensive view, usually located at the
BANK OF THE rooftop of a dwelling but sometimes an
PHILIPPINES independent building or an eminence (a hill)
on a formal garden; a building with fine
59. ATLANTES Carved male figures serving as pillars also
view: a building or part of a building
called TELAMONES; architecture figure of
positioned to of fer a fine view of the
man used as support: a figure of a man,
surrounding area
either standing or kneeling, used as a
support for the upper part of a classical 74. BELVEDERE An open-roofed gallery in an upper storey
building built for giving a view of the scenery.
60. ATRIUM An approach or an open forecourt 75. BEMA A raised stage in a Basilican church reserved
surrounded by arcades in a Basilican for the clergy.
church.
76. BONSAI A dwarf tree which is a perfect reflection of
61. AT&T BLDG, NY Philip Johnson Japanese culture.
62. BALDACHINO A canopy supported by columns generally 77. BOSS (Lump or knob) or projecting ornament at
placed over an altar or tomb. Also known the intersection of the ribs of ceilings,
as "CIBORIUM". whether vaulted or flat.
63. BALOON- a type of timber framing in America about 78. BUNGALOW One storey with low -overhanging roof and
FRAME 1820s wherein it ow es its strength to the broad front porch. Unpretentious style often
walls, roof acting as diaphragms, and not rambling spread out floor plan, more
on the post. It is an extension of the roof. expensive to build; lightweight tropical
house: a simply -built one-storey house with
64. BALUSTER One of a number of short vertical
a veranda and a wide, gently sloping roof in
members often circular in section used to
Southeast Asia and the South Pacific
support a stair handrail or a coping (wall's
capping surface). 79. BUTTRESS A mass of masonry built against a wall to
resist the pressure of an arch & vault.
65. BANK OF I.M. Pei
CHINA, HK 80. CAMBER A slight convex curvature built into a truss
or beam to compensate for an anticipated
66. BAPTISTERIES A building or a part of a church in which
deflection so tha t
baptism is administered
it will gave no sag when under load.
67. BAROQUE In France, anything extravagantly
81. CANDELABRA A movable candle lamp -stand with central
ornamented, so ornate as to be in bad
shaft, and often branches or decorative
taste, a style of art and architecture in Italy
representation thereof; a branching light
in the 17th to 18th century.
fitting: a large decorative candle holder with
68. BATTER Inward inclination or slope of an outward several arms or branches, or a similarly
wall shaped electric light fitting
69. BAUHAUS a school founded by Gropius in 1919, 82. CARYATIDS Sculptures female figures used as columns
developing a form of training intended to or supports
relate art and architecture to technology
83. CELLA The sanctuary of a classical temple,
and the practical needs of human life.
containing the cult statue of the god
70. BAUHAUS Walter Gropius
84. CENOTAPH An empty tomb. A monument erected in
BLDG,
memory of one not interred in or und er it
GERMANY
85. CHAMFER A diagonal cutting of an arris formed by
71. BAY WINDOW The window of a protruded bay or the
two surfaces at an angle
windowed bay itself. A protruding window:
a rounded or three-sided window that 86. CHANCEL The space about the altar of a church,
sticks out from an outside wall and forms a usually separated by a screen for the clergy
recess on the inside . and other officials, usually referred to as the
"choir".
72. BELFRY A tower not connected with "Bell". A term
applied to the upper room in a tower in 87. CHAPEL OF Le Corbosier
which the bells are hung. NOTRE DAME
88. CHATEAU A castle in a French -speaking
country or a stately residence. A
French castle: a castle or large house
in France, often one that has a
vineyard attached and gives its name
to wine produced there
89. CHATTRIS An umbrella shaped copula.
90. CHERUBS One of the winged heavenly beings
that support the throne of God or act
as guardian spirits, or Chubby, a rosy-
faced child with wings. An angel of
second order: an angel, specifically
one belonging to the second order
of angels in the celestial hierarchy
whose distinctive attribute is
knowledge. Arts depiction of angel:
an angel depicted as a chubby-faced
child with wings, sometimes simply as
a child's head above a pair of wings
91. CHRYSLER Willian Van Alen
BUILDING, NY
92. CHURRIGUERESQUE An expression of Spanish baroque
architecture and sculpture, a
recurrent feature was the richly
garlanded spiral columns.
[flamboyant -showy; brightly colored;
highly decorated ornamentation]
93. CIMBORIO Special term for a lantern or raised
structure above a roof admitting light
into the interior.
94. COFFER Sunk panels, caissons or lacunaria
formed in ceilings, vaults or domes;
sunken panel in a ceiling: a decorative
sunken panel in a ceiling
95. COISTERS Covered passages around an open
space or " Garth", connecting the
church to the chapter house; a
small courtyard or enclosed space.
96. COLOSSEUM Elliptical Amphitheatres are
characteristically Roman buildings
found in every imp ortant settlement,
used to display of mortal combats
(gladiatorial)
97. CONSERVATORIES, These are garden rooms. a. Fanciful,
ARBORS & pre-fabricated models attached to the
GAZEBOS houses, filled with wrou ght iron or
wicker furniture exotic
plants and birds. b. These are open
spaces with seating areas beneath
wood rafters or leaf -entwined plants. (
a shady place: a shaded place formed
by the leaves and branches of trees
and plants that interweave naturally or
are trained to grow around a trellis ) c.
A roof place, shaded from the sun, to
read or to entertain and enjoy the
view.
98. CONSOLE - A s a projecting member to support a
"BRACKET" weight generally formed with scrolls
or volute when carrying the upper
member of the cornice.
99. CORBEL A block of stone, often elaborately
carved or moulded, projected from a
wall, supporting the beams of a roof,
floor or vault.
100. COUNTRY HOUSE A house composed of natural
materials. It is an eclectic and organic
look that grows and changes with
antiques and a clutter of different coll
ections, made of rough plaster, old
beams, wood framed windows and
slate or brick floors . A house in the
country: a large house in the country,
often with a large area of land
attached
101. CRYPT A space entirely or partly under a
building; in churches, generally
beneath the chancel and used for
burial in earlier times. An underground
chamber: an undergro und room or
vault, often below a church, used as a
burial chamber or chapel, or for
storing religious artifacts
102. "CUBE WITHIN A Le Corbusier
CUBE'
103. CULTURAL Leandro Locsin
CENTER OF THE
PHILIPPINES
104. CUPOLA A spherical roof, (a dome -shaped
roof) placed like an inverted cup over
a circular square or multi -angular
apartment. A dome on roof: a small
dome on a roof, sometimes made of
glass and pr oviding natural light inside
105. DAADO the portion of a pedestal between its base
and cornice. A term also applied to the
lower portions of walls when decorated
separately.
106. DAIS a raised platform reserved for the seat ing
of speakers and dignitaries; a raised
platform: a raised platform at the end of a
hall or large room. [podium, platform,
pulpit, stage ]
107. DOGE'S HALL (BRIT ISH) The hall built or used by
medieval association as of merchants and
tradesmen, organized to maintain standards
that constituted a governing body. (Doge =
Italian renaissance chief magistrate)
108. DOGE'S The chief magistrate's buildings, in the
PALACE former republic of Venice & Genoa.
109. DOLMEN An ancient structure usually regarded as a
tomb, consisting of two or more large
upright stones set with
a space between and capped by a
horizontal stone
110. DOME A vault having a circular pl an, and usually
in the form of a sphere portion, so
constructed as to exert an
equal thrust in all directions.
111. DORMER A window in a sloping roof usually that of a
sleeping apartment. A window projecting
from roof: a window for a room within the
roof space that is built out at right angles to
the main roof and has its own gable
112. ECCLECTIC An adjective used to describe an artist who
selects forms and ideas from different
periods or countries and combines them to
produce a harmonious whole.
113. EINSTEIN Eirch Mendelsohn
TOWER
114. ENTABLATURE The entire construction of a classical
temple or the like, between the columns
and the eaves usually composed of an
architrave, frieze, and a cornice.
115. ENTASISv A swelling or curving outwards along the
outline of a column shaft, designed to
counteract the optical illusion which gives a
shaft bounded by straight lines th e
appearance of curving inwards; a bulge in
architectural column: a slight bulge in the
shaft of a column, desig ned to counter the
visual impression of concavity that a
perfectly straight column would give
116. EXEDRA In ancient Greece/ Rome, a room or
covered area or open on one side used as
a meeting place; architecture history
conversation room: a room for relaxation
or conversation, especially a semicircular
recess in a larger hall with a continuous
bench along the wall; furniture long
curved outdoor bench: a long curved or
semicircular outdoor bench, usually with a
high back; architecture recess: any kind of
recess or niche (technical)
117. FAIENCE A glazed earth ware originally made in
Italy; pottery with colored glaze:
earthenware decorated with colored
opaque metallic glazes (often used before
a noun)
118. FENESTRATION The arrangement and design of windows in
a building.
119. FILLETS a small flat band between mouldings to
separate them from each other.
architecture flat narrow moulding: a raised
or sunken ornamental surface set between
larger surfaces
120. FINIAL An ornate iron grille, or screen, a
characteristic feature of Spanish Church
interiors ; An architectural decoration: a
carved decoration at the top of a gable,
spire, or arched structure
121. FINIAL Also called "key pattern" the upper portion
of the pinnacle [pinnacle: pointed
ornament: a pointed ornament on top of a
buttress or parapet]; an architectural
decoration: a carved decoration at the top
of a gable,
spire, or arched structure
122. FLECHE A slender wooden spire rising from a roof.
A slender church spire: a slender spire,
especially one that emerges from the roof
of a church at the point where the ridges
intersect.
123. FLUTES The vertical channeling on the shaft of a
column ; architecture: groove in column: a
groove running down an architectural
column
124. FONT a basin usually of stone which holds the
water for baptism.
125. "FORM DOES Antonio Gaudi
NOT
NECESSARILY
FOLLOW
FUNCTION"
126. "FORM Louis Sullivan 140. HIEROGLYPHICS Pictorial representation of religious
FOLLOWS rit ual, historic events and daily
FUNCTION" pursuits
127. FORTRESS a large fortified (armed) place; a fort often 141. ICONOSTASIS a screen in a Greek orthodox
including a town; any place of security. church on which icons or (sacr ed
images), pictures, are placed
128. FORUM Corresponds (links) to the Agora in a Greek
separating the chancel from the
city was a central open space, used a public
space, open to the laity. An altar
meeting space, market or rendezvous for
screen decorated with icons : a
political demonstrations .
screen on which icons are mounted,
129. FRESCO A term originally applied painting on a wall used in Eastern Orthodox churches
while the plaste r is wet and is not in oil colors. to separate the area around the
painting done on fresh plaster: a painting on a altar from the main part of the
wall or ceiling made by brushing watercolors church
onto fresh damp plaster, or onto partly dry
142. IFUGAO/BONTOC Cordillera one room house on four
plaster
HOUSE wooden posts with an animal or
130. FRETWORK (grating: metal grille) an ornament in classic or insect barrier and a pyramidal roof
renaissance architecture consisting of an Cogon grass built without nails.
assembly of straight lines intersecting at right
143. INTERCOLUMNATION The space between two columns
angles, and of various pattern
144. IRIMOYA GABLE Japanese dominant roofs
131. "FUNCTION Eero Saarinen
characterized by their exquisite
INFLUENCE
curvature, and are supported upon
BUT DOES
a succession of simple or
NOT
compound brackets. The upper part
DICTATE
of the roof is terminated by a gable
FORM"
placed vertically above the end
132. GALLERY A communicating passage or wide corridor walls, while the lower part of the
for pictures and statues. An upper storey for main roof is carried round the ends
seats in a church. of the building in a hipped form.
133. GEODESIC Buckminster Fuller 145. IVATAN HOUSE Made of 0.75 m. thick stone of lime
DOME wall with thick thatched roof made
134. GREAT Most famous of ancient Chinese building of several layers of cogon and held
WALL undertakings. It snakes, loops, and doubles together by seasoned s ticks or
back on itself. Meandering across valleys, reeds and rattan to withstand
plains, scaling mountains, plunging into deep fiercest typhoons in the north.
gorges and leaping raging rivers of 3,700 146. KEN Intercolumniation is regulated by
miles. this standard of Japanese
135. GROINS Line of intersection of cross -vaults. measurement, which is divided into
20 parts called minutes and each
136. HAREM Women's or private quarters of a house or
minute being again divided into 20
place in Islamic architecture.
parts or seconds of space.
137. HELM Bulbous termination to the top of a tower,
147. KEYSTONE The central stone of a semi -circular
ROOF found principally in Central & Eastern Europe.
arch, sometimes sculptured.
138. HERALDIC A coat of arms; connected with heraldry or
148. KIOSK A small pavilion, usually open - built
heralds: belonging or relating to heraldry or
in gardens & parks.
heralds
149. LANTERN A construction such as a to wer, at
139. HERMES A bust (sculpture of head & shoulders) on a
the crossing of a church rising
square pedestal instead of a human body,
above the neighboring roofs and
used in classic times to mark boundaries on
glazed at the sides.
highways, and used decoratively in
Renaissance times. 150. LARDER A room where food is stored; a
pantry ( a walk -in cupboard); a
cupboard
151. "LESS IS MORE" Ludwig Mies Van Derohe 164. MOSQUE An inward -looking building whose prime
purpose is for conte mplation & prayer. A
152. LEVER HOUSE Skidmore, Owings & Merril
space without object
153. LOGGIA An arcade of roofed gallery built into or of adoration. (Muslim)
projecting from the side of a building
165. MULLION Vertical members dividing windows into
particularly one overlooking an open
different number of lights.
court. A covered balcony and walkway: a
covered open -sided walkway, often with 166. MULLIONS Vertical tracery members dividing window s
arches, along one side of a building into different numbers of light. A vertical
window divider: a vertical piece of stone,
154. MANSARD A roof having a double slope on four
metal, or wood that divides the panes of a
sides; the lower slope being much steeper
window or the panels of a screen
and the flatter upper portion. Also known
as the gambrel roof. 167. NARTHEX A long arcaded entrance porch to a
Christian Basilican Church.
155. MARANAO Lowlands area house with pithed roof,
HOUSE made of bamboo poles, thatch roof with 168. NAVE The principal or central longitudinal area of
woven slit canes for walls and split a church, extending fro m the main entrance
bamboo slats flooring. or narthex to the CHANCEL (area of church
near altar: an area of a church near the altar
156. MASTABA An ancient Egyptian rectangular, flat -
for the use of clergy and choir, often
topped funerary mound with battered
separated from the nave by a screen or
(sloping) sides covering a
steps) usually flanked by aisles of less
burial chamber blow ground
height.
157. MAUSOLEUM A term applied to monumental tombs.
169. NEWEL The central shaft of a circular staircase. Also
They consisted of large cylindrical blocks,
applied to the post in which the handrail is
often on a quadrangular podium, topped
framed.
with a conical crown of earth or stone.
170. NICHE a (shell) or a recess in a wall, hallowed like a
158. MAYAN Pre-Columbian edifice dedicated to the
shell for a statue or ornament.
TEMPLE service or worship of their god which is
PYRAMID made of stones entered by a single door 171. NIPA HOUSE A house with a prow -like (front of ship)
to a very steep single flight of steps, majestic roof, the polychrome, extravagant
above it rises a high stone roof. wooden carvings derived from the Malay
Mythical bird the "Sari Manok" The silken
159. MINARET a tall tower in, or continuous to a mosque
Muslim canopies in the Interiors. The
ar ch stairs leading up to one or more
protruding ends of floor beams are
balconies from which the faithful are
decorated with intricate carvings.
called to prayer.
172. NYMPHAEUM A room decorated with plants, sculpture
160. "MODERN Kenzo Tange
and fountains (often decorated with
ARCHITECTURE
beautiful Maiden living in Rivers, trees) and
NEED NOT BE
intended for relaxation. [nymph: a spirit or a
WESTERN"
minor goddess of nature; or a beautiful
161. MODILLIONS Also called 'brackets" or "consoles" or young woman]
"ancones" . It is a projecting member to
173. OBELISK Huge monoliths, square on plan and
support a weight. generally formed with
tapering to an electrum-capped (alloy of
scrolls or volutes which carry the upper
silver & gold) "pyra-midion" at the summit,
member of a cornice (a projecting
which was the sacred part. The four sides
moulding at the top of a wall or at where
are cut with hieroglyphics.
the wall & ceiling meets); also a bracket in
Corinthian order: a small curved 174. OGEE A double curve, resembling the letter "S",
ornamental bracket under the corona of a formed by the union of a curve and a
Corinthian or Composite column convex line.
162. MONASTERY A building complex of a certain English 175. ORIEL A bay window especially cantilevered or
order or a self-contained community used WINDOW corbelled out from the face of the wall by
by monks. means of projecting stones.
163. MOSAIC Decorative surfaces formed by small
cubes of stones, glass & marble.
176. PAGODA Most typical Chinese building, usually 188. PILASTER Is a rectangular feature in the shape of a
octagonal in plan, odd number o STRIP pillar, but projecting only about one sixth of
stories usually 9 or 13 storeys and its breadth (distance from side to side) from
repeated roofs, highly colored and the wall.
with upturned eaves , slopes to each
189. PINNACLE A turret (small rounded tower) or part of a
storey.
building elevated above the main building.
177. PAILOU A Chinese ceremonial gateway architecture pointed ornament: a pointed
erected in memory of an eminent ornament on top of a buttress or parapet
person.
190. PLATERESQUE Phase of the early period of Spanish
178. PALAZZO An Italian impressive building or architecture of the later 15th and early 16th
private building century, an intricate style named after its
likeness to sil verwork; elaborately
179. PANTRY A serving room between kitchen and
decorated: relating to a heavily decorated
dining room, or a room for stor age of
architectural style fashionable in 16th -
food supplies.
century Spain, reminiscent of elaborate
180. PARLIAMENT Lucio Costa & Oscar Nimeyer silverware
BUILDINGS, BRAZIL
191. PLINTH The lowest square member of the base of a
181. PATIO A Spanish arcaded or colonnaded column
yard; a paved area outside a house: a
192. PODIUM The high platform on which temples were
paved area adjoining a house, used
generally placed (in general, any elevate
for outdoor dining, growing plants in
platform). A foundation wall: a low wall
containers, and recreation. A roofless
forming a foundatio n or base, for example
courtyard: a roofless inner courtyard
for a colonnade
typical of a Spanish -style house. 13.
193. PULPIT An elevated enclosed stand in a CHURCH
182. PAVILION (little house for pleasure & recreation).
in which the preacher stands.
A prominent structure, generally
distinctive in cha racter. 194. PYRAMID A massive funerary structure of stone or
brick with a square base and four sloping
183. PEDESTAL A support for a column statue or a
triangular sides meeting at the apex.
vase, it usually consists of a base. "Die"
or Dado, and a cornice or cap mould. 195. QUOINS An eternal solid angle of a wall or the like.
One of the stones forming it, corner stone
184. PEDIMENT A triangular piece of wall above the
(Renaissance) A block forming a corner: a
entablature enclosed by raking
stone block used to form a quoin,
cornices; architecture gable on
especially when it is different, for example
colonnade: a broad triangular or
in size or material, from the other blocks or
segmental gable surmounting a
bricks in the wall
colonnade as the major part of a
facade 196. RARHS Rock-cut temples in India
185. PENDENTIVE the term applied to t he triangular 197. REFECTORY The dining hall of a monastery, convent or
curved overhanging surface by means college.
of which a circular dome is supported
198. RIB & PANEL Vaulting in Romanesque in which a
over a square or polygonal
framework of ribs supported thin stone
compartment. a sloping triangular
panels. The new method consisted in
piece of vaulting between the arches
designing the profile of the transverse
that support a dome and its rim
(crosswise or at right angle with something)
186. PIAZZA A public open space in Byzantine , longitudinal and diagonal ribs to which the
architecture, surrounded by buildings. form of the pane ls was adopted.
187. PICTURESQUENESS Term in a specialized sense to
describe one of the attitude s of taste
towards architecture and landscape
gardening in the late 18th and early
19th century; very attractive: visually
pleasing enough to be the subject of
a painting or photograph
199. ROCOCO - a term applied to a type of Renaissance
"ROCK" ornament in which rock -like forms
fantastic scrolls, and 'crimped' folded or
pressed together) shells (are worked up
together in a profusion and confusion of
detail often without organic coherence
but presenting a lavish display of
decoration ; Any excessively ornate or
fancy style; A style of architecture and
the decorative arts characterized by
intricate ornamentation that was popular
throughout Europe in the early 18th centu
ry.
200. SALON In Renaissance, a room used primarily for
exhibition of art objects, or a drawing
room;[grand sitting room; social
gathering of intellectuals; art exhibition or
gallery]
201. SAN MIGUEL Manuel Mañosa
CORP.
BUILDING
202. SARCOPHAGUS Taken from a tomb chamber, or the
ornamental treatment given to a stone
coffin hewn out of one block of marble
and with sculptures, figures and festoons
(garland) of a late period, surmounted by
lids like roofs terminating in scrolls. stone
coffin: an ancient stone or marble coffin,
often decorated with sculpture an d
inscriptions
203. SCROLL An ornament consisting of a spirally
wound band, either as a running
ornament or as a terminal, like the
volutes of the ionic capital.
204. SOFFIT The exposed undersurface of any
overhead component of a building such
as an arch, balcony, beam, cornice, lintel
or vault. bottom surface: the underside of
a structural component of a building, for
example the underside of a roof
overhang or the inner curve of an arch
205. SOLOMON Frank Lloyd Wright
GUGGENHEIM
MUSEUM
206. SPACE-FRAME A structural system consisting of trusse s
in two directions rigidly connected at
their intersections. A rectangular shape is
formed where the top and bottom chords
of the trusses are directly above & below
one another.
207. SPANDREL The triangular space enclosed by the curve
of an arch, a vertical line from its spri nging,
a horizontal line through its apex. A space
between one arch or another. Space
between two arches and a cornice.
208. SPHINX Mythical monsters each with the body of a
lion and a h ead of a man, hawk, ram or
woman possessed.
209. SPIRE The tapering termination of a tower in
Gothic churches.
210. SQUINCH A small arch or bracket built across each
angle of a square or polygonal structure to
form an octagon or other appropriate base
for a dome or a spire. An interior
supporting part of a tower: an arch,
corbelling, or lintel built across the upper in
side corner of a square tower to support
the weight of a spire or other structure
above
211. STAMBAS/ Monumental pillars standing free without
LATHS any structural function, with circular or
octagonal shafts with inscriptions carved in
it. The capital was bell -shaped and
crowned with animal supported bearing the
Buddhist will of Law.
212. STEEPLE The term applied to a tower crowned by a
spire
213. STELLAR A vault in which the ribs compose a "star-
VAULT shaped" pattern.
214. STOA A long colonnaded building, served many
purp oses, used around public places and
as shelter at religious shrines; an ancient
covered walkway: in ancient Greece, a
covered walkway, usually with a row of
columns on one
side and a wall on the other
215. STONEHENGE Consists of a complex of "sarsen" (any of
the many large sedimentary rocks that have
been broken into blocks by frost action and
are found scattered across the chalk downs
of southern E ngland )stones and smaller
blue stones set in a circle and connected
by lintelals
216. STRAPWORK A type of relief ornam ent or cresting
[cresting: a decorative roof ridge: an
ornamental ridge on a roof ] resembling the
studded leather straps arranged in
geometrical and sometimes interlaced
patterns much used in the early renaissance
architecture of England . A decorative work
on building: decorative work in the form of
crossing or interlaced bands on the outside
of a building, especially in Tudor
architecture (1485-1603). [Tudor: relating to
Tudor architectural style: relating to or being
a style of architecture popular throu ghout
the Tudor period. Its buildings typically have
a timber framework, visible from the outside,
filled in with plaster or brick]
217. STUPA Domical mounds which grouped with their
rails, gateways, prof essional paths and
crowning umbrella came to be known as
symbols of the universe; a Buddhist shrine,
temple, or pagoda that houses a relic or
marks the location of an auspicious event.
218. SYDNEY Jorn Utzon
OPERA
HOUSE
219. TABERNACLE A decorative niche often topped with a
canopy and housing a statue or an icon.
220. TAHANANG Francisco "bobby" Mañosa
FILIPINO/
COCONUT
PALACE
221. TEA HOUSE n Japan, a structure where the appreciation
of the arts and flower arrangement, with
drinking ceremony is done.
222. TERRA-COTA Earth-baked (unglazed) or burnt in moulds.
For use in construction, harder in quality
than brick. [brownish red color]
223. THERMAE Palatial public baths of Imperial Rome raised
on a high platform; hot springs: hot springs
or baths, especially the public baths of
ancient Rome.
224. TORII Shinto temples (Shinto-Japanese religion) are
characterized by this gateway formed by
upright posts supporting two or more
horizontal beams.
225. TORUS a large convex moulding used principally in
the bases of columns.
226. TRACERY The ornamental pattern work in stone , filling
the upper part of a gothic window.
227. TRANSEPT The part of a cruciform church, projecting at
right angles to the main building. Wings of
church: the part of a cross -shaped church
that runs at right angles to the long central
part (nave)
228. TRANSOM The horizontal divisions or crossbars of
windows.
229. TRIUMPHAL These are arches erected to emperors and
ARCH generals commemorating victorious
campaigns; has one or three openings. Such
arches were adorned with appropriate bas-
reliefs (flat sculpture; slightly projecting) and
usually carried grit-bronze statuary (statues
considered collectively) on an attic storey
and having a dedicatory
inscription in its face.
230. TROMPE L' "Fool the eye" - are paintings adorning
OEIL everything from cabinets to cupboards, fire
screen to dishwashers. This creates an illusion
of space. A make -believe doorway for
example extends a hall. A gla ss cabinet or
door is painted with cows and chicken and
make -believe or create an outdoor scene.
231. TUDOR- Picturesque composition built in America
REVIVAL since 1980. Hall timbering and massive
medieval chimney. Identified by prominent
gables and large expansive windows with s
mall panes.
232. TURRET small towers, often containing stairs, and
forming special features in medieval buildings.
233. TWA Eero Saarinen
KENNEDY
AIRPORT,
NY
234. VAULT an arch covering in stone o r brick over any
building; architecture arched ceiling: an
arched structure of stone, brick, wood, or
plaster that forms a ceiling or roof; a room
with arched ceiling: a room, especially an
underground room, with an arched ceiling
235. VERANDAH A covered porch (porch-roofed exterior of a
room) or balcony (balcony- a platform
projecting from an interior or exterior wall of
a building) extending along the outside of a
building, planned for summer leisure.
236. VESTIBULE An ante-room to a larger apartment of a
building; An entrance hall: a small room or
hall between an
outer door and the main part of a building
237. VOUSSOIRS Any of the pieces, in the shape of a truncated wedge, which form an arch or a vault. A wedge -shaped stone: a
wedge-shaped brick or stone used to form the curved parts of an arch or vault
238. WARDROBE A room for storage of garments.
239. WATA- Outstanding architectural creat ion in Sri Lanka which is a circular relic house built in stone and
DAGE brick.
240. WREATH A twisted band, garland or chaplet, representing flowers, fruits l eaves, often used in decoration; A circular
arrangement of flowers: a circular arrangeme nt of flowers and greenery placed as a memorial on a grave, hung up as
a decoration, or put on somebody's head as a sign of honor; a representation of wreath: a representation of a circular
arrangement of flowers, vines, or other things, for example in a c arving or on a coat of arms; [headdress; garland;
laurel]
241. ZIGGURAT Artificial Mountains made up of tiered (layered), rectangular stages which rose in number from one to seven