Packaging materials

Metallized BOPP

It is a metalized bioriented polypropylene (BOPP) film, high barrier, high integrity to

the seal and low coefficient of friction. Its composition is illustrated in the following
figure:

Metallized treated layer BOPP

Thermosetting layer for sealing

Figure X: Structural diagram of the metallized BOPP film

This is a heat-sealed metallized film on one side (low seal temperature), high seal
integrity, excellent barriers to water vapor; light and oxygen, with an optimum
uniformity of the aluminum deposit (Hernández et al., 2000).

It is used in laminations with other films for packaging of food products, such as
cookies, potato chips and other "snack", which predict high tightness (Hernández
et al., 2000).

Metallized BOOP allows extending the useful life of energy bars and maintaining all
their organoleptic properties for a period of 8 months (Chavez, 2008).

DISPLAYS

Cardboard is the main raw material for the production of packaging of the box type
and containers (displays).

Cardboard displays that can serve as a packaging, packaging and transport

element; It also constitutes a promotional vehicle for the products, facilitating its
recognition through the printing of the brand, colors and graphic motifs.

In this way, the displays used as secondary packaging for energy bars will mainly
fulfill their promotional function of the brand.
CORRUGATED CARDBOARD

According to Martinez (2009), corrugated cardboard is a material that is based on

cellulose, is a structure formed by a central rib of corrugated paper which goes
through a process of corrugated to create volume or thickness in the cardboard
(flute or medium ), reinforced externally by two layers of paper (liners or faces)
glued with adhesives on the crests of the waves, as shown in the following figure:

Figure XX : Cardboard components

Source: Martinez (2009)

Gaitan (2005) mentions that corrugated cardboard is today the number one
packaging material, because it is the only one that simultaneously performs
functions such as:

- Product grouping.

- Protection of these against impacts, vibrations, light, dust and theft during
handling, storage and delivery.

- Easy identification of the products.

- Presentation and promotion, through the use of external covers as

information and advertising support.

RAJAPACK (2013) classifies the corrugated boards according to their thickness:

- Simple channel: they usually have an approximate width of 5 mm and are

recommended for light products weighing up to 20 kilos, such as documents,
clothing, footwear or packaged products that can be stacked. It is formed by an
inner cover of a wave.

EMPCA (2017) mentions that type "C" flute is commonly used for single
corrugated, that is why corrugated single channel flute type "C" is used as tertiary
packaging for energy bars since the weight of 80 bars contained in said box make
4kg, less than 20 kg that is capable of supporting this type of box.

- Double channel: to protect the merchandise, up to 70 kg in weight, which are

resistant to vertical comprehension such as books, tools, technology, etc. It has a
thickness of 7 mm and an inner cover of two waves. They are ideal for fragile
products as their reinforced protection prevents any blow from impacting inside
easily.

- Triple channel: it has an outer Kraft covering that protects from humidity and
temperature. It has been designed for heavy loads up to 350 kg that support
export shipments and long-term storage. Its thickness is 15 mm and it has an inner
cover of 3 waves. They are also designed to protect very delicate products:
porcelain, glass, etc.

Indoor
Intermediate
layer

Figure xxx: Single channel, double channel and triple channel boxes (from left to
right)

Source: RAJAPACK (2013)

Gaitan (2005) describes the evolution of the tests to the corrugated cardboard,
between which stand out:

-Mullen Test: Also known as lateral explosion test, this pressure test is measured
in pounds per square inch that is required to burst or break a piece of cardboard
under specific conditions by means of a test equipment called "Mullen"

- Test of resistance to stowage (ECT): The ECT refers to the acronym in English
by Edwise Crush Test, which refers to a test of compressive strength of the edge of
a sample of corrugated cardboard. Ridge compression is the most important
property of corrugated cardboard when determining the compressive strength of
the box.
The resistance to ECT stowage is given in pounds per linear inch, that is in an ECT
box 32 each linear inch of the edges of the walls of the box withstands 32 pounds
without collapse. The greater the ECT of the corrugated cardboard, the greater the
resistance of the load behavior of a box.

- Vertical understanding test (BCT): To design and build an efficient and optimal
cost of packaging, it is important to understand against what should protect the
packaging. The stacking force is a key requirement in the transport of packaging.
This is defined as the maximum compressive force in pounds or kilograms, which a
package can charge for a period of time, under normal environmental conditions
and stacking without failure.